An Integrated Study of AIR Pollution PROcesses in Beijing (AIRPRO)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Leeds
Department Name: Sch of Chemistry

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Planned Impact

Air pollution is a high profile and fully globalised phenomenon with a complex web of interested parties, influencers and decision-makers and academic researcher hold a key role as highly credible influencers. The public profile of air pollution is currently very high, both in China and the UK, and this provides opportunities for potential engagement with the public on the underlying science, and also potentially with a range of other organisations, for example NGOs, for which air pollution may be one of many environmental issues of interest. We identify that as a key influencer in the field, a key focus of efforts for impact should be through engagement with decision makers, accepting that there is rarely a direct route between a new science finding and an immediate change in public policy. The timescales are long, and the evidence typically accumulative, nonetheless the PIs have a track record of successful engagement in the UK and at a European level.


This pathway to impact plan relates specifically to the UK participants in the AIRPRO consortium and we are realistic about the extent to which UK universities can expect to engage with overseas decision-makers and directly influence Chinese Government policy. In this particular case our role as an influencer and by extension our route to impact must naturally must flow via our Chinese collaborators.


We identify three specific key impact areas for AIRPRO:

[1] Public understanding of the science and impacts of urban air pollution

[2] Supporting Chinese collaborators in their role as influencers of policy and practice in Beijing and China

[3] Translating AIRPRO science to megacities in a development context


[1] Many in the consortium are active in the public engagement arena, with media appearances, high profile science events as well as school visits and production of outreach materials. This work is ongoing and enduring and we identify that the most effective role for AIRPRO is to provide new basic materials for these existing bottom up and PI- led initiates. This will be a pooled effort, with the best in new visual aids, photographs, graphics, videos, images and model animations shared on the project website and via social media mechanisms.


[2] WP7 provides a ready-made route to impact via the development and improvement of models such as NAQPMS and NICAM-Chem used in China for air pollution prediction. These leading edge models are a central mechanism by which latest science understanding is translated to operational agencies and to decision makers on policy. WP7 can therefore be thought of as being a fundamental part of the pathway to impact for the project. We have assembled a large team of leading investigators to support its delivery and this should be viewed as a substantial investment in the pathway to impact. Our Chinese collaborators provide the next steps in delivery of impact through the application of these models in their research programmes and in their advice to Government. We will also work with our Chinese partners in their engagement with local ministries and agency, through the creation of effective science summaries for specialists and targeted presentations in China for policy-makers.

[3] Many of the underlying causes of air pollution in Beijing can be found in other developing cities, and much of the science and capability developed may have potential for translation to other locations. We will specifically target overseas development agencies such as DfID and key aid and policy organisations to highlight the state of the science and how this may be used to help countries identify the most effective areas for intervention. We identify some major impact opportunities that may be developed through raising awareness of practical public health improvements afforded by engagement with air pollution issues, and strong synergies with Newton Fund objectives.

Publications

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Slater E (2020) Elevated levels of OH observed in haze events during wintertime in central Beijing in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

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Silver B (2020) The impact of COVID-19 control measures on air quality in China in Environmental Research Letters

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Silver B (2018) Substantial changes in air pollution across China during 2015-2017 in Environmental Research Letters

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Newland M (2021) Low-NO atmospheric oxidation pathways in a polluted megacity in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

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Hollaway M (2019) Photochemical impacts of haze pollution in an urban environment in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

 
Description In the winter in Beijing we measured a surprisingly high level of radical species, for example the hydroxyl radical, OH, which controls the oxidation in the atmosphere. Modelling seems to suggest that the largest source of new radicals is the photolysis of HONO, for which high concentrations were measured. There is a wide-range of radical measurements (OH, HO2, RO2, OH reactivity) as well as formaldehyde and photolysis rates - all of which which will key targets for models. In the summer, we measured some of the highest concentrations of OH we have ever seen - which when combined with very high levels of ozone, show that there is a very large degree of chemical processing (e.g. of VOCs) in the summertime in Beijing.

An intercomparison has now been analysed for OH and HO2 measurements together with measurements from PKU, with good agreement observed.

Extensive data analysis has taken place during the last year, with several papers now published (see separate section). In addition our data have been used in a significant number of publications submitted and now published by other groups.
Exploitation Route Our data set of radicals in summer and winter measured in Beijing provide a target for models of various spatial scales (box, regional). Our formaldehyde measurements, as well as providing a target for models, can also be compared with satellite measurements of formaldehyde over this part of China. Several groups have made use of our data for their own publications.
Sectors Environment

 
Description Results shown in talk to Schools regarding Air Pollution in China
First Year Of Impact 2018
Sector Education
 
Description EXHALE: EXploiting new understanding of Heterogeneous production of reactive species from AIRPRO: Links to haze and human health Effects
Amount £333,809 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/S006680/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2019 
End 02/2021
 
Description New field measurements and mechanistic understanding of peroxy radicals (PEROXY)
Amount £674,341 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/V000861/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2021 
End 04/2023
 
Description Invited Seminar 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited seminar at University of Birmingham.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Invited Seminar (CalTech) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Invited Seminar at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. I included the results from AIRPRO in my talk.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Invited Seminar (Sandia Livermore) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited Seminar at the Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore. I included results from the AIRPRO study.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description School Visit (Saltaire) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Talk to 5th and 6th form students at a School about atmospheric chemistry including our field measurements in Beijing during AIRPRO
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description School Visit (Shebbear) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Visit to a School in Devon (my old School in fact). A talk on atmospheric chemistry, which included pollution problems in Beijing and our measurements during AIRPRO
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018