An Integrated Study of Air Pollutant Sources in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Surrey
Department Name: Civil and Environmental Engineering

Abstract

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Planned Impact

The key impact from ASAP-Delhi will be to deliver a step-change in understanding of the sources and processes forming of air pollutants in Delhi, providing science insight for policymakers to use in developing air pollution control measures. In conjunction with other projects within the Indian Megacity programme, this will lead to improved health and wellbeing for millions of people in Delhi - the ultimate beneficiaries.

We have identified three tiers of non-academic beneficiaries from the project, alongside the scientific / research community:

Tier 1: Stakeholders who will be direct beneficiaries of this project, with sustained engagement, e.g. the DPCC (Delhi Pollution Control Committee).

Tier 2: Wider stakeholders who have clear interests in the outcome of this project and the wider programme, and who may be directly engaged in the work, e.g. governmental departments such as the Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) and CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board).

Tier 3: Stakeholders who have a broader interest in the findings of the overall programme; for example, the media, WHO, the World Bank, private sector businesses in directly affected areas, and the general public.

Research Community: The project findings will be of direct relevance to researchers working in on air pollution issues - sources, processes and impacts - in Delhi and related environments.


They will benefit in the following ways:

Tier 1: The PM source apportionment results are essential for developing air pollution control strategies and will therefore provide direct insight for policy makers including the DPCC. In addition, the source apportionment and air pollutant process understanding will also indirectly benefit policy makers by constraining and improving predictive air quality models, which are the basis for developing long-term and short-term air pollution control strategies.

Tier 2: Air pollution control requires actions from other governmental departments such as those responsible for transportation. The results from ASAP-Delhi will provide direct assessment of the relative importance of different sectors to air pollution loading in Delhi and surrounding areas. This will help these stakeholders to identify potential policy actions to control air pollution in the most effective manner.

Tier 3: Delhi is the most polluted city in the world for ambient air quality (WHO, 2014). Thus, it serves as a natural laboratory to study air pollution on human health. Our results will benefit health effect studies within the programme by providing detailed physical and chemical characteristics of PM in Delhi. This will be of interest to Tier 3 stakeholders such as WHO which is keen to more accurately and precisely quantify air pollution impacts on human health. Environmental agencies elsewhere will benefit from this work via the overall programme in providing improved understanding of air pollution impacts on human health.

Ultimate beneficiaries - the general population of Delhi will benefit eventually from the contributions of ASAP-Delhi, and the overall programme, to identification of optimal air quality control strategies, leading to improved well being and health.


Steps to maximise impact with these beneficiaries are outlined in the ASAP-Delhi Pathways to Impact document, which will be delivered collaboratively with other projects in the overall APHH-India Programme.

Publications

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Kolluru SSR (2023) Did unprecedented air pollution levels cause spike in Delhi's COVID cases during second wave? in Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment : research journal

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Sharma AK (2018) Air pollution and public health: the challenges for Delhi, India. in Reviews on environmental health

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Kumar P (2021) Climate Change and Cities: Challenges Ahead in Frontiers in Sustainable Cities

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Roy S (2022) A global perspective of the current state of heavy metal contamination in road dust in Environmental Science and Pollution Research

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Kumar P (2017) The influence of odd-even car trial on fine and coarse particles in Delhi. in Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

 
Description The study aims at describing the extent of air pollution in Delhi, the magnitude of health problems due to air pollution and the risk relationship between air pollution and associated health effects. We synthesized the findings and discussed them at length with respect to reported values, their possible interpretations and any limitations of the methodology. The chemical composition of ambient air pollution is also discussed. Further, we discuss the magnitude of health problems with respect to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, bronchial asthma and other illnesses. We have carried out three intensive campaigns (winter, summer, autumn 2018) to collect all required samples and primary data in Delhi. A total number of samples have collected about 202 filter samples. Some of the samples have been analysed for OC/EC, inorganic ions, and elements. However, we are still waiting to finalise GC-MS results for all source profile sources to find interesting organic compounds and molecular markers for each source. The GC-MS analyses have been severely delayed due to the COVID19. We are hoping to analyse all remaining filter samples in 3-4 months from now. We are now working on the publication for the results of chemical analysis that would be very interesting and answered most of the research questions in the ASAP-Delhi project. In addition, we are working on the associated publications that would be a very interesting outcome of the project as well. Finally, the chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor modelling approach will be applied to the chemical species to understand and estimate source contributions.
Exploitation Route The ongoing fight against air pollution will need the most accurate information about the size and complexity of the problem we face. We are confident that the database of the chemical compositions and source profiles of particle pollution in Delhi will be of great use to future researchers and the Indian government who are looking to develop effective countermeasures.
Sectors Environment,Transport

URL https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/study-produces-detailed-chemical-profile-delhis-air-pollution-sources
 
Description CArE-Cities: Clean Air Engineering for Cities
Amount £139,000 (GBP)
Organisation University of Surrey 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2019 
End 07/2020
 
Description International conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi-NCR region, India, Sarkawt Hama, and Prashant Kumar. It has been presented (as a poster) at 5th Indian International Conference on Air Quality Management (IICAQM 2020), 9-11th December 2020, Online, IIT Madras, Chennai, India.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://iicaqm2020.iitm.ac.in/index.php
 
Description International conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Chemical source profiles of fine particles for five different sources in Delhi, Sarkawt Hama, and Prashant Kumar. It has been presented (as a poster) at Air quality in megacities Faraday Discussion, 17 - 20 November 2020, Online, United Kingdom.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/38216/air-quality-in-megacities-faraday-discussion
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.naveenbharat.in/environment/the-study-produces-a-detailed-chemical-profile-of-delhis-air...
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/covid-19-lockdown-in-india-may-have-saved-...
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news national and international (online newsletters).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-07/uos-clr071620.php
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.developmentchannel.org/2020/07/17/4-271/
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-lockdown-in-india-may-have-sa...
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.healthissuesindia.com/2021/02/23/covid-19-lockdowns-reduced-concentration-of-air-polluta...
 
Description Online newsletter 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.enn.com/articles/64505-covid-19-lockdown-reduced-dangerous-air-pollutants-in-five-indian...
 
Description Presentation in International conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact We presented our project results at the EAC2021 which is the integrational conference in this field. Up to 500 people have participated.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://eac2021.co.uk/
 
Description Press releases 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/new-study-shows-dominance-local-air-pollution-sources-delhi
 
Description Press releases 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/water-jets-odd-even-just-desperation-delhis-air-needs-radical-response
 
Description Press releases 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/study-produces-detailed-chemical-profile-delhis-air-pollution-sources
 
Description Social media 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://twitter.com/AirPollSurrey/status/1352628785196240898
 
Description Social media 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://twitter.com/AirPollSurrey/status/1362083979457880075
 
Description Social media 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://twitter.com/AirPollSurrey/status/1283752659762262017
 
Description press relaseses and workshops 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged public by dessimanting projet results and outcomes in news and twitter to inform public about current sitatuion of air pollutuion in Delhi. We have listed below all press relaseses already published by severl media
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019,2020
URL https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/new-study-shows-dominance-local-air-pollution-sources-delhi
 
Description press releases 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We have engaged the public by disseminating project results and outcomes in news and social media (e.g. Twitter).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL http://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/covid-19-lockdown-reduced-dangerous-air-pollutants-five-indian-cities-5...