Advective pathways of nutrients and key ecological substances in the Arctic (APEAR)
Lead Research Organisation:
National Oceanography Centre
Department Name: Science and Technology
Abstract
The fast decline of Arctic sea ice in the last decades is commonly viewed as manifestation of the climate change. The sea ice reduction exposes a large area of the previously ice-covered Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere, and intensifies air-ocean exchanges. This leads to changes in ocean circulation and impacts ocean ecosystems. Due to multiple influences between ocean and sea ice the future state of the Arctic ecosystem is not well understood.
The proposed project will address changes in the ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean and the regional differences the marine ecosystems between the two provinces in the Arctic Ocean: the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Using historical data, new observations and high-resolution ocean and ecosystem models the project will investigate current changes in the ocean currents, nutrients supply and ecologically important key substances, such as CO2. The data from the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" Observational Programme (MOSAiC; see also http://www.mosaic-expedition.org/) will be used. The programme is planned to take place in 2019/2020 and will cover a large part of the Eurasian Basin and central Arctic.
The project will examine nutrient supply to the upper ocean and the changes in marine ecosystems in the future climate change scenarios for the next assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and will quantify the impact of the emerging new Arctic climate on the ecosystems, fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The project brings together leading researchers from the UK, Germany and Sweden, building on the research expertise in the Polar Sciences. The project will facilitate a new understanding of the Arctic and climate in the UK, Europe and worldwide.
The proposed project will address changes in the ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean and the regional differences the marine ecosystems between the two provinces in the Arctic Ocean: the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. Using historical data, new observations and high-resolution ocean and ecosystem models the project will investigate current changes in the ocean currents, nutrients supply and ecologically important key substances, such as CO2. The data from the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" Observational Programme (MOSAiC; see also http://www.mosaic-expedition.org/) will be used. The programme is planned to take place in 2019/2020 and will cover a large part of the Eurasian Basin and central Arctic.
The project will examine nutrient supply to the upper ocean and the changes in marine ecosystems in the future climate change scenarios for the next assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and will quantify the impact of the emerging new Arctic climate on the ecosystems, fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The project brings together leading researchers from the UK, Germany and Sweden, building on the research expertise in the Polar Sciences. The project will facilitate a new understanding of the Arctic and climate in the UK, Europe and worldwide.
Planned Impact
The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice in the last decades is commonly viewed as manifestation of the climate change. This sea ice reduction has lead to debates in the maritime industries and beyond on the possibility of an increase industrial activities in the area, including in cargo transportation and off-shore exploration, and whether the economical benefits outweigh the risk and the potential damage to the environment. This has generated political debates over the future of the Arctic, public interest, discussions in the media and also a momentum in the Arctic research. For example there was a a Royal Society meeting on Arctic sea ice in 2014 and series of Arctic-related events, including "The Year of Polar Prediction" coordinated by the WMO and the revision of the new Polar Code for Arctic navigation completed in 2016. The knowledge of how the changing Arctic sea ice and ocean can affect the Arctic environment and what are the timescales for the change is crucial for mitigation of the climate impacts in the region and policy making. The change affects UK and international governments and businesses. Better scientifically-based predictions of Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems has a substantial economical value, and also impacts social and environmental policies.
This project brings together leading researchers from the UK and Germany, with the partnership from the Sweden, capitalising on the critical mass of the expertise in the Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems modelling, Arctic physical oceanography and ecosystems, and climate science.
The key practical outcome from the project will be future projections of the changes in the Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century. These projections will include analyses of model uncertainty and will quantify the impact of the emerging influence of the new Arctic physical climate on the ecosystems, helping assessments of the impact on the fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The results will be utilised for the offshore industries, marine transport and insurance sector. They will assist making informed policy and sustainable development decisions for the Arctic regions. The principal beneficiaries will be: the climate research and forecasting centres, e.g. the UK Met Office; climate research (the IPCC); policy makers (e.g., DEFRA and FCO) and international independent advisory organisations, such as the Arctic Council and Artic Economic Council; off-shore O&G industries, shipping classification societies; environmental monitoring bodies, e.g., Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of the Arctic Council Working Group and the general public and local communities.
This project brings together leading researchers from the UK and Germany, with the partnership from the Sweden, capitalising on the critical mass of the expertise in the Arctic sea ice, ocean and ecosystems modelling, Arctic physical oceanography and ecosystems, and climate science.
The key practical outcome from the project will be future projections of the changes in the Arctic ecosystems during the 21st century. These projections will include analyses of model uncertainty and will quantify the impact of the emerging influence of the new Arctic physical climate on the ecosystems, helping assessments of the impact on the fisheries, Arctic industries and societies. The results will be utilised for the offshore industries, marine transport and insurance sector. They will assist making informed policy and sustainable development decisions for the Arctic regions. The principal beneficiaries will be: the climate research and forecasting centres, e.g. the UK Met Office; climate research (the IPCC); policy makers (e.g., DEFRA and FCO) and international independent advisory organisations, such as the Arctic Council and Artic Economic Council; off-shore O&G industries, shipping classification societies; environmental monitoring bodies, e.g., Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of the Arctic Council Working Group and the general public and local communities.
Organisations
- National Oceanography Centre (Lead Research Organisation)
- UNIVERSITY OF READING (Collaboration)
- PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE (Collaboration)
- Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Collaboration)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- Meteorological Office UK (Collaboration)
- National Centre for Earth Observation (Collaboration)
- European Space Agency (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS (Collaboration)
- British Antarctic Survey (Collaboration)
- University of Gothenburg (Project Partner)
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Project Partner)
Publications
Tsubouchi T
(2018)
The Arctic Ocean Seasonal Cycles of Heat and Freshwater Fluxes: Observation-Based Inverse Estimates
in Journal of Physical Oceanography
Storkey D
(2018)
UK Global Ocean GO6 and GO7: a traceable hierarchy of model resolutions
in Geoscientific Model Development
Solomon A
(2020)
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010-2019
Solomon A
(2021)
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010-2019
in Ocean Science
Rynders, S., And Aksenov, Y.
(2022)
ARC36 stand-alone SI3 Arctic configuration (Model Configuration and User Guide)
Rynders, S.,
(2018)
Sea hazards on offshore structures: waves, currents, tides and sea ice combined.
Rynders, S.
(2018)
A physical wave mixing parameterisation for the polar regions.
Rynders, S.
(2019)
Combined sea ice rheology code
| Description | We use quality-controlled observational data, validated model configurations and ocean pathways analysis for the present and future climates, along with detailed observational plans for the partners in the MOSAiC Programme (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate), which started in October 2019 to examine future impact so fast exchanges on the Arctic ecosystems and has completed the successful drift of the Research Icebreaker "Polarstern" across the Arctic Ocean in 2019-2020. The key findings of the project are: changes in currents and sea ice loss lead to higher ocean temperatures, easier connectivity with global oceans, marine species invaders and changes in the Arctic productivity. The project has developed a novel synthesis of the pan-Arctic observational archives on ocean and marine biogeochemistry and high-resolution ocean-ecosystem models data to established variability of nutrient pathways across the ocean. We found distinctive patterns of Arctic biogeochemical connectivity with about 5-year cycle changes between the Arctic shelf seas being connected to the central Arctic Ocean but disconnected from the North Atlantic, and when the connectivity of the Arctic shelf seas to the North Atlantic is restored. The projections by models for the future ocean show potentially faster transit of water and biogeochemical substances from the Northern Pacific to North Atlantic and an increased Atlantic inflow which blocks flow of water and ice from the Arctic shelves to the North Atlantic. This sets changes in the Arctic species and increased probability of the Pacific species invading the Arctic and North Atlantic and changes in marine ecosystems provinces. The project asserts that accounting for riverine and terrigenous nutrient fluxes is essential for accurate predictions of the Arctic ecosystem changes as well as importance of predicting pollutants spread, e.g., plastics, to mitigate socio-economic impacts. |
| Exploitation Route | The results are shared between the projects of the Changing Ocean programme and through the "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate" (MOSAiC, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00062). The outputs formed a part of the United Kingdom Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), http://www.mccip.org.uk/impacts-report-cards/full-report-cards/2020 and of the talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25, Madrid) and contributed to Theme 1 "Model Development" for the UN Decade of the Oceans Arctic Action Plan (WG4 Predicted Ocean), which influences international and national policies on the oceans for the next ten years (https://www.oceandecade.dk/decade-actions/arctic-action-plan). APEAR project contributed to the panel the international symposium "Plastics in the Arctic", Reykjavik, March 2021 (www.arcticplastics2020.is). The symposium was hosted by the Government of Iceland and the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. APEAR contributed to the NERC Changing Arctic Ocean Policy document (Crocket, K., et al., 2020). The results of the project have been disseminated to the research and academic communities through peer-reviewed publications (23 papers published in total to date) and presentations at the high profile research meetings (ASSW-2019/2020, EGU-2019/2020/2021, AGU) and convening inter-disciplinary sessions "Plastic in the aquatic environment" and "Changes in the Arctic Ocean, sea ice and subarctic seas systems: Observations, Models and Perspectives" at EGU-2019, EGU-2020 and EGU2021. The public engagement materials have been made available via three media interviews, including one given to BBC Today. As an ongoing activity we have develop engagement with policy and decision-makers via the government departments and through the national (Joint Marine Modelling Programme - JMMP, UK Met Office, National Partnership for Ocean Prediction, Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership and MESH Networking for the UK Climate Services Community), international programmes (H2020 Blue Action and YOPP) and policy engagement events (UN FSCCC COP25 2019, Arctic Policy- Business-Science-Dialogue 2020 and All-Party Parliamentary Group for Polar Regions, chair James Gray MP). These are to link with impact assessments, adaptation and risk mitigation. Actions and deliverables for STEM engagement 2020/20211) included presenting APEAR project at the 9th Annual International Marine Research and Education Conference (MARESEDU) 2020, 26-30 October 2020 (on-line); at the NOC Open days 2020 and 2021 (on-line); "meet the scientist" session via NOC website, where school children asked questions online to a scientist. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81K_vgndVeg); an online lecture to the undergraduate students at the Oxford University (Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics) on the Arctic circulation; via the link with the MOSAiC programme engaged with the wide audiences via the media outreach websites: https://mosaic.colorado.edu/, https://www.meereisportal.de/mosaic/, https://follow.mosaic-expedition.org. and through @NERC_CAO and @CAO_APEAR Twitter. |
| Sectors | Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Environment,Transport |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00237-0 |
| Description | The members of the project lead and contributed to the following non-academic impacts. 1. Aksenov gave a talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25, Madrid). (https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_XZPKyFFME&list=PLu5U7DV5jenUOtkdM6H4qjInPVbB9Fi66?dex=17&t=0s). 2. Rabe contributed to white papers through the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate, WCRP/GOOS/GCOS and the CLIVAR Northern Oceans Regional Panel. 3. Aksenov co-authored a report for H2020 Blue Action on the environmental and policy decisions in the Yamal region. https:// zenodo.org/record/3341291#.XhcoAxf7QdU. 4. Rynders delivered a talk 'Predicting ocean waves and sea ice and the Polar Oceans' at the YOPP Arctic Science Workshop 2019, Finland. 5. Yool leads the marine biogeochemistry of the UK ESM. Through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 he contributes to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report 6. (https://ukesm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Colin_Jones_introoverview.pdf). 6. Yool was interviewed by the 'BBC Today' as part of series on the changing Arctic, broadcasted in March 2019. ( https:// www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00035t9). 7. Rynders co-convened EGU-2019 session "Plastic in the aquatic environment". 8. Luneva presented at the Arctic Science Summit Week 2019 session. 9. Aksenov championed one of the topics of the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean. Besides: The initial fundings on the marginal ice zone dynamics contributed to the Year of Polar Prediction Arctic Science Workshop 2019 (https://www.polarprediction.net/meetings-calendar/science-workshops/yopp-arctic-science-workshop/). Stefanie Rynders has delivered a talk "Predicting ocean waves and sea ice and the Polar Oceans" at the meeting held in Helsinki (Finland) in January 2019; Contributed to the MCCIP report card: Hwang, B., Aksenov, Y., Blockley, E., Tsamados, M.,. Browne, T., Landy, J.,Stevens, D., Wilkinson, J., Impacts of climate change on Arctic sea ice, The United Kingdom Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) 2020; Paper analysis the Arctic navigational risks and environmental safety of the marine operations has been published for the the International Union for Applied and Theoretical Mechanics Physics of Sea Ice (Springer); Co-authored forecasting methods to improve sea ice forecasting skills for the WWF monitoring (Andersson T, Hosking J, Pérez-Ortiz M, Paige B, Elliott A, Russell C., Aksenov Y.,.... Shuckburgh E, (2021). Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning. Nature Communications 12, 5124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25257-4 ); A summary paper on the Arctic sea ice changes on the climate risks and key impacts is prepared and is in review: Blockley, E.W., Aksenov, Y., Campbell, K., Hewitt, H.T., Oltmanns, M., Screen, J. A., Tsamados, M., Impacts of climate change on Arctic sea ice, UK Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership, 2023; Aksenov co-authored a "manifesto" paper on a new cross-disciplinary subject "Socio-oceanography" (lead by K. Popova, in review). |
| Sector | Education,Environment,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Security and Diplomacy,Transport |
| Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | A "manifesto" paper on a new cross-disciplinary subject "Socio-oceanography" (lead by K. Popova, in review). |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | A summary paper on the Arctic sea ice changes, on the climate risks and key impacts |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Description | Informed the NEMO-SI3 modelling development strategy. |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to new or improved professional practice |
| Impact | Development of the model components for the climate research to inform IPCC assessment reports 7. |
| Description | (COMFORT) - Our common future ocean in the Earth system - quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points |
| Amount | € 8,482,148 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 820989 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 09/2019 |
| End | 08/2023 |
| Description | (IMMERSE) - Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices |
| Amount | € 4,998,942 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 821926 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Start | 12/2018 |
| End | 11/2022 |
| Description | Biogeochemical processes and ecosystem function in changing polar systems and their global impacts (BIOPOLE) |
| Amount | £8,924,449 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/W004933/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2022 |
| End | 03/2027 |
| Description | Consequences of Arctic Warming for European Climate and Extreme Weather |
| Amount | £290,138 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/V004875/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 11/2020 |
| End | 11/2023 |
| Description | ENCORE is the National Capability ORCHESTRA Extension (ENCORE) |
| Amount | £723,925 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/V013254/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2021 |
| End | 03/2022 |
| Description | PRE-MELT: Preconditioning the trigger for rapid Arctic ice melt |
| Amount | £105,979 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/T000260/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2019 |
| End | 05/2022 |
| Title | Coastal permafrost erosion model |
| Description | Generic off-line pan-Arctic modelling tool of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model and can be used in other coupled and forced ocean-wave models. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Title | Coupled wave-ice ocean model |
| Description | Coupled wave-ice ocean global model code based on the NEMO-CICE-WW3 v3.6 configuration has been developed. The components will be made available to the NEMO modelling system. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The new coupled model introduces improved simulations of the coupled processes between sea ice, waves and ocean and allows accounting for the effects of wave mixing and coastal erosion on the ocean and marine biogeochemical fluxes. The new model enables calculating risks for the off shore structure s and ships in the icy ocean environment and improve safety of the marine operations. |
| Title | Model to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line model method and tool to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | It produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. The model allows assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic |
| Description | New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The test cases for idealised domains are also available via the NEMO4.2 code download. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/record/6327871 |
| Title | Sea ice types and provinces diagnostics method |
| Description | Python and Matlab diagnostics software to detect polynyas and different ice provinces (Marginal Ice Zone, pack ice, interior open water, etc.) in the model output and satellite data. The detection algorithm takes into account sea ice concentration, thickness and proximity to the coast and position/clustering of information grid cells inside ice zone. Code authors: Stefanie Rynders and Ben Barton (NOC). |
| Type Of Material | Improvements to research infrastructure |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Allows classification of sea ice provinces in the variety of data and for the salt flux and dense water analysis. |
| URL | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/ |
| Title | Combined MIZ and pack sea ice rheology model |
| Description | The model includes the implemented combined granular rheology of Marginal Ice Zone sea ice and pack sea ice rheology. Model accounts for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics (floe size distribution is one of the prognostic parameters). The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/; https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428658/ |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved sea ice rheology which include granular behaviour of sea ice in the Marginal Ice Zones (MIZ) to be used in the next generation climate models. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13 |
| Title | Coupled wave-sea ice-ocean global model |
| Description | A fully coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WW3. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) for the European ice model SI3 in the NEMO ocean modelling framework |
| Description | SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic. New improved sea ice rheology (Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic) has been developed for the Sea Ice Integrated Initiative SI3 and included in the NEMO ocean modelling framework for the ocean research, climate and forecasting based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. Code authors: Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved forecasting skills of the EU model to deliver a wide range of ultra-high ~km-scale forecasts and climate projections for IPCC AR7. |
| URL | http://forge.ipsl.jussieu.fr/nemo/browser/NEMO/trunk/src/ICE/ |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from CTD casts in the Central Arctic (2012 and 2015) during Dana cruise NAACOS and POLARSTERN cruise PS94 |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Merged and calibrated dataset was used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934366 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 48 in the Central Arctic (2011-2012) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934367 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 52 in the Central Arctic (2011) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934374 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 60 in the Central Arctic (2012) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These observations were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934375 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 64 in the Central Arctic (2012-2013) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934414 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 65 in the Central Arctic (2012-2013) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934409 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 69 in the Central Arctic (2013-2014) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934416 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 72 in the Central Arctic (2013) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934376 |
| Title | Intercalibrated dataset of in situ dissolved organic matter fluorescence from ice tethered profile 93 in the Central Arctic (2015-2016) |
| Description | Here we present a merged and calibrated dataset of temperature, practical salinity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence obtained from several Ice Tethered Profilers (ITPs) deployed across the central Arctic (2011-2016). The data offer a unique spatial coverage of the distribution of DOM in the surface 800 m below Arctic sea ice. A total of 5044 profiles are gathered. The ITP data are level 3 data products pressure-bin-averaged at 1-db vertical resolution with depth down to either 200 or approximately 750 m. Data (max 800m depth) from CTD casts made during two oceanographic cruises are also included. These were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. The presented DOM fluorescence data are smoothed, corrected for instrument drift and calibrated to provide intercomparable data across the sensors. Fluorescence is reported in Raman Units (nm-1), and comparable to laboratory measurements conducted according to current community recommendations. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | These data were used as part of the calibration and validation of the ITP calibration routines. The cruises were PS94 (ARK-XXIX/3) with POLARSTERN in 2015 and NAACOS with DANA in 2012. |
| URL | https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934420 |
| Title | NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model and tests with three rheology settings |
| Description | NOC FRONTIER ARC36 NEMO-SI3 coupled sea ice-ocean model and tests with three rheology settings (aEVP, EAP and EAP-isotropic) are archived on ARCHER-II and BODC. Code, configuration settings are on ARCHER-II and at https://zenodo.org/record/6628486#.ZAn6fxP7RT4 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model integrations show that sea ice concentration, lead positions (and linear kinematic features LKFs), and ice drift divergence are different in all the three rheology options. EAP shows more LKFs than the aEVP with more acute intersection angles, in better agreement with observations. In EAP LKFs change significantly in response to wind forcing variations on sub-daily scales, with aEVP less so. EAP simulations show a large degree of ice anisotropy. Isotropic settings (anisotropy is set constant=0) of EAP show a different pattern of more stepped leads, which also appear in real sea ice. This points out the key role of sea ice anisotropy evolution for realistic simulations. EAP provides a promising alternative for high resolution sea ice modelling, simulating ice plates dynamics impact on ocean eddies. |
| Title | Off-line model to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line model to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov (NOC). The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. The model is generic and can use netcdf input from any ocean-sea ice-wave models. The model produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | The model allows assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion |
| Description | Off-line pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model. The erosion model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and land permafrost model and allows simulating permafrost erosion rates and fluxes of the terrigeneous matter, including fluxes of carbon, nutrients and contaminants. The developed model follows closely Wight's model (Barnhart 2014) and calculates coastal erosion due to wave action and sea level change anomalies, with added permafrost probability and adjustment for rocky/non rocky coast. The erosion rates depend on geological permafrost temperature, probability (PEX); ice content (ACDD) and marine parameters (SST, SWH, wave period). ACDD has the required variables to calculated organic carbon, nitrate and phosphate fluxes from erosion rates. |
| Type Of Material | Computer model/algorithm |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Arctic coastal erosion is an increasing problem via threat to infrastructure, also it affects the marine environment. Arctic coast is mainly soft sediment permafrost. Sea ice protection is decreasing, leading to increased erosion from waves and melting. The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model offers quantitative assessments of the future erosion trends, informing mitigation scenarios of the coastal structure integrity and settlements safety. The model can be used to assess melting and collapse of the ice barrier from the waves in the Antarctica and sea level rise. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Description | EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites. |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Collaboration between NOC (external partner) and EU ALBATROSS Programme lead by ESA on global tides in polar areas from models and satellites is focused on improvement of tidal simulations in climate large scale models. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partners deliver global tides data from satellites and advanced tidal hydrodynamical modelling. |
| Impact | Global tides data from satellites has been collected. |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Programme |
| Organisation | Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Retreating Arctic sea ice is expected to change the way the ocean interacts with the atmosphere, which will affect the Arctic ecosystems. Te partnership helps to understand how the sea ice decline and the longer summer season will change the pathways of nutrients which enter the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic and Pacific. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The partners are to examine how the differences between parts of the Arctic ecosystem may change and combine in situ measurements from MOSAiC fieldwork with ultra-high-resolution computer modelling to quantify current and future changes in the Arctic ecosystems. |
| Impact | A full year of extreme sea-ice and atmosphere conditions in the Eurasian Arctic: the OCEAN environment during MOSAiC Benjamin Rabe1, Céline Heuzé2, and the MOSAiC OCEAN Team: Yevgeny Aksenov , NOCS ; Jacob Allerholt , AWI ; Marylou Athanase , LOCEAN-IPSL ; Chris Basque , WHOI ; Dorothea Bauch , GEOMAR ; Till Baumann , UiB ; Dake Chen , SIO ; Silvia Cole , WHOI ; Sam Cornish , U Oxford ; Lisa Craw , U Tasmania ; Andrew Davies , WHOI ; Dmitry Divine , NPI/HAVOC ; Francesca Doglioni , AWI ; Falk Ebert , Herder-Gymnasium Berlin ; Carina Engicht , AWI ; Ying-Chih Fang , AWI ; Ilker Fer , UIB ; Mats Granskog , NPI/HAVOC ; Rainer Graupner , AWI ; Hailun He , SIO China ; Yan He , FIO ; Céline Heuzé , U Gotheburg ; Mario Hoppmann , AWI ; Markus Janout , AWI ; David Kadko , FIU ; Torsten Kanzow , AWI ; Salar Karam , U Gothenburg ; Yusuke Kawaguchi , Uni. Tokyo ; Zoe Koenig , UIB ; Bin Kong , FIO ; Rick Krishfield , WHOI ; David Kuhlmey , AWI ; Ivan Kuznetsov , AWI ; Musheng Lan , PRIC ; Ruibo Lei , PRIC ; Tao Li , OUC ; Long Lin , SIO ; Hailong Liu , SJTU ; Na Liu , FIO ; Xiaobing Ma , FIO ; Rosalie MacKay , NTNU ; Maria Mallet , AWI ; Robbie Mallet , UCL ; Wieslaw Maslowski , NPS ; Christian Mertens , Uni Bremen ; Volker Mohrholz , IOW ; Matthias Monsees , AWI ; Morven Muilwijk , UiB ; Jeff O'Brien , WHOI ; Algot Peterson , UIB ; Pierre Priou , U Newfoundland ; Benjamin Rabe , AWI ; Julia Regnery , AWI ; Jian Ren , SIO ; Natalia Ribeiro Santos , U Tasmania ; Janin Schaffer , AWI ; Ingo Schuffenhauer , IOW ; Kirstin Schulz , AWI ; William Shaw , NPS ; Timothy Stanton , NPS ; Mark Stephens , FIU ; Jie Su , OUC ; Natalia Sukhikh , Uni Bremen ; Arild Sundfjord , NPI/HAVOC ; Sandra Tippenhauer , AWI ; John Toole , WHOI ; Pedro Torre , NTNU ; Jutta Vernaleken , AWI ; Myriel Vredenborg , AWI ; Hangzhou Wang , ZJU ; Lei Wang , BMU ; Yuntao Wang , SIO ; Bai Youcheng , SIO ; Jinping Zhao , OUC ; Meng Zhou , SJTU ; Jialiang Zhu , OUC., EGU21-1794, updated on 10 Mar 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1794 EGU General Assembly 2021 |
| Start Year | 2018 |
| Description | The next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project. https://cowclip.org/ |
| Organisation | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
| Country | Australia |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | NOC participates in the next phase the next phase of the Community Ocean Wave Climate (COWCliP) model intercomparison project, led by CSIRO, Australia, and endorsed by WMO/IPCC. https://cowclip.org/ . This is a worldwide collaboration between ocean-sea ice-wave modelling groups. NOC provides climate simulations with global wave-NEMO-sea ice model, for the current and future projected climates. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Partners provide climate simulations from ensembles of global waves models. |
| Impact | Project has just started. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | British Antarctic Survey |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | Meteorological Office UK |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | National Centre for Earth Observation |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | Plymouth Marine Laboratory |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Cambridge |
| Department | Department of Chemistry |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Leeds |
| Department | School of Earth and Environment |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Oxford |
| Department | Department of Physics |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | UK LTS-M Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study Programme (ACSIS)" (NE/N018044/1) |
| Organisation | University of Reading |
| Department | Department of Meteorology |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Joint analysis of the UK ESM historical period ensemble integrations. Model validations on in situ data and satellite products and bias assessments. |
| Impact | Publication: Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., ... & Wilcox, L. J. (2020). The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(9), e2020MS002126. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Title | ARC36 stand-alone SI3 Arctic configuration |
| Description | SI3 regional configuration of the Arctic This is a configuration of the NEMO community ocean model based on the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. The NEMO code is available from https://forge.nemo-ocean.eu/nemo/nemo. This configuration has a resolution of 1/36 degree and is a cut-out of the global 1/36 configuration: https://github.com/immerse-project/ORCA36-demonstrator. The code base is a pre-4.2.0 NEMO version, the model source code can be found in the file src_tar. Model setup Follow the instructions on https://sites.nemo-ocean.io/user-guide/index.html to download and install the NEMO model version 4.2.0. Swap the src directory for the one in the tar file src_tar. Compile the ORCA2_SAS_ICE reference configuration. Put the rest of the files in this zenodo archive in the EXP00 directory, except the namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg file which goes into tools/DOMAINcfg along with the grid files to be downloaded later. The files provided include example configuration namelist files namelist_cfg and namelist_ice_cfg. The atmospheric forcing used is the Drakkar forcing set (DFS) version 5.2, year 2008. The atmospheric forcing is interpolated on-the-fly, using the weights files. The weights were calculated using the nemo WEIGHTS tool. For the ocean (bottom) boundary the World Ocean Atlas 2018 multidecadal monthly averages are used. The data is already interpolated onto the ARC36 grid. Interpolation was done using the SOSIE tool. Files provided are monthly averages of sea surface salinity and temperature. Finally, the model grid domain_cfg.nc needs to be created. Download the ORCA36 files from ftp://ftp.mercator-ocean.fr/download/users/cbricaud/BENCH-ORCA36-INPUT.tar.gz, see the ORCA36 demonstrator github page. The necessary files are the coordinates and bathymetry files. To cut out the Arctic domain use ncks -F -d y,7000,,1 in.nc out.nc. Put in tools/DOMAINcfg and use the DOMAINcfg NEMO tool to create the domain_cfg.nc file using the file namelist_cfg_for_DOMAINcfg as namelist_cfg. The resulting file is large (122GB) therefore executing in parallel mode is required. The individual processor files need to be merged into one, use the REBUILD_NEMO tool. Put the resulting domain_cfg.nc file into EXP00 and run NEMO following the instructions. The ARC36 configuration was set up and run on ARCHER2 using 594 NEMO processors and 12 XIOS processors. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | The Elastic-Anisotropic-Plastic sea ice rheology simulates more accurately ice dynamics and open water leads than. the conventional rheologies, improving air-ocean momentum and heat coupling in the models. This leads to the improvement of the forecasts, CMEMS re-analysis and climate simulations. The research is done under the NERC Project "PRE-MELT" 15 (NE/T000260/1) and European Union's Horizon 2020 research and from the innovation programme under grant agreement No 821926 (project IMMERSE-Improving Models for Marine EnviRonment SErvices). The repository fulfils the public data access requirements of these projects. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/record/6327871 |
| Title | Combined sea ice rheology code |
| Description | Fortran90 model code to account for the impacts of sea ice fragmentation by waves on sea ice rheology and dynamics. The model has been developed at the National Oceanography Centre by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov and has been included in the coupled and forced ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO(v3.6/v4.0+)-CICE5-ECMWF-WAM/WW3 configurations. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | It is made freely available through the UK NERC/UKMO Joint Sea Ice Modelling Programme and is widely used by the UK research community. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_13 |
| Title | Coupled wave-sea ice-ocean global model |
| Description | A fully coupled global ocean-sea ice-waves model has been developed for the model configuration NEMOv3.6-CICE5-WW3. 2022. Code author: Dr Stefanie Rynders. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | Improved predictions of the ocean and sea state in the ice covered areas, with applications for climate, forecasting, off-shore safety and marine industries. |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. |
| Description | Matlab model code and scripts to analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | Matlab model code and scripts analyse reversibility of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice cover in the IPCC CMIP models. The model code has been successfully applied to the CMIP6 set of models ran under the CDR-MIP scenarios with different CO2 emission pathways. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids. The code will, be available in 2023 (a paper on results to be submitted) |
| Title | Mixing modules in NEMO |
| Description | Ocean mixing modules for the NEMO system model v3.6 and 4.0. distributed under the CeCILL FREE SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Open Source License? | Yes |
| Impact | The wave mixing module improves simulations of the oceanic mixed layer, ocean heat content and sea ice in the Arctic and Souther Ocean. The modelling research community is informed on the model development, which is used as an open source for the scientific research. |
| URL | http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/428655 |
| Title | Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. |
| Description | Off-line Matlab model code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The code to automatically detect ocean gyres in the barotropic flow from the barotropic stream functions, allowing to find out the largest connected oceanic gyres and examine their variability for ocean circulation analysis in the climate models. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input stored on NEMO or geographical grids (author Stefanie Rynders). |
| Title | Off-line generic pan-Arctic model code of the coastal permafrost erosion |
| Description | Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code of the coastal permafrost erosion has been developed for the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model at the National Oceanography Centre by Dr Stefanie Rynders. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input from wave-ocean models. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The pan-Arctic model of the coastal permafrost erosion model can provide data on erosion rates for the current and future climate states and leads to the improved simulations of the marine biogeochemistry by accounting for the input of the land biogeochemical fluxes and land contaminants into the marine environment. The model provides coastal permafrost retreat data which allows assessing risks for the shore stability, shore settlements, on-shore structures and installations and can help coastal infrastructure development planning and climate impacts mitigation. The model can used for the ice barrier erosion assessments in the Antarctica. |
| URL | https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU22/EGU22-5807.html |
| Title | Off-line model code to assess combined risks from ocean currents, tides, waves and sea ice for offshore operations in the polar oceans and ice-covered seas |
| Description | Off-line Matlab model code to calculate critical loads and safety limits to navigate in sea ice has been developed in the framework of the new coupled ocean-sea ice-waves NEMO-CICE-WW3 model by Drs Stefanie Rynders and Yevgeny Aksenov (NOC). The model uses inputs from the coupled ocean-sea ice-waves model and applies newly developed dynamical and static ice loads calculations, along with the safety ice navigation limits for different ship classes and critical loads from combined effects from currents and waves. The model is generic and can use netcdf input from any ocean-sea ice-wave models. The model produces timeseries and spatial maps of the loads and maps safety areas for marine operations, including ships navigation and fixed off-shore structures exploitation. |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The model software allows off-line assessments of the combined navigational and structural integrity risks of the fixed and floating off-shore installations from sea ice drift and compressions, ocean waves, currents and tides regionally and globally in all the seasons, as for the present day conditions, as well as for the future climates. This is essential for the marine safety planning and forecasting. |
| URL | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-80439-8_12 |
| Title | Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code to calculate wave heights, sea ice total area and sea ice extent and coastal erosion by Arctic geographical sectors (Western, Canadian, west Siberian and East Siberian) and in the specified locations |
| Description | 2. Off-line pan-Arctic Matlab model code to calculate wave heights, sea ice total area and sea ice extent and coastal erosion by Arctic geographical sectors (Western, Canadian, west Siberian and East Siberian) and in the specified locations. The code is generic and can be used with netcdf data input from wave-ocean models (authors Yevgeny Aksenov and Stefanie Rynders). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Impact | The code serves to compare model output with available data. |
| Title | Sea ice types and provinces diagnostics software |
| Description | Python and Matlab diagnostics software to detect polynyas and different ice provinces (Marginal Ice Zone, pack ice, interior open water, etc.) in the model output and satellite data. The detection algorithm takes into account sea ice concentration, thickness and proximity to the coast and position/clustering of information grid cells inside ice zone. Code authors: Stefanie Rynders and Ben Barton (NOC). |
| Type Of Technology | Software |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Impact | Allows classification of sea ice provinces in the variety of data and for the salt flux and dense water analysis. |
| URL | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428655/ |
| Description | Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Championed one of the topics of the Action Plan (AP) document for the Arctic group WG4 (Predicted Ocean) of the UN Decade of the Ocean |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Interview for BBC Radio 4 Arctic special "Today" programme |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Aksenov has been interviewed on the BBC Radio 4 Arctic special for the "Today" programme aired Thur the 14 Mar on the changes in the Artic and links with the industrial applications. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Linking Science and Policy: participated in the training by UN, webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Took part in the science -policy dialogue on engaging Science and Policy through UN webinar series "Enhancing International Scientific Cooperation: Arctic Science and Technology Advice with Ministries", organised by Division for Multilateral Diplomacy, United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Feb-Mar 2022 (online). Environmental minsters from the Arctic Circle countries, along with the Arctic Council representatives were participating in the exchange. The communication barriers between Arctic scientific communities and policy we discussed and actions to overcome these were suggested. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Presentation at the EGU 2018: Aksenov, Y., Rynders, S., Hosekova, L., Feltham, D., Nurser, A. J., Madec, G., ... & Coward, A. (2018, April). Waves, Ice and Ocean in future projections of the Arctic and Southern Ocean. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 20, p. 14180). |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Presentation delivered at the EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 20, p. 14180). New data and results made available for the professionals and media. discussion followed the presentation helped to shape science directions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid for the Cryosphere Pavilion: "The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries?" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Presented at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid. Delivered a talk at the Cryosphere Pavilion on the scientific evidence for climate change impacts in the Arctic and the consequences. Title: The New Arctic: The impact of change in Arctic Ocean sea ice on marine ecosystems and maritime industries |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |