EKN Tool Assessor: Facilitating the application of innovative tools in the assessment of ecosystem services, green infrastructure and natural capital

Lead Research Organisation: University of Oxford
Department Name: Environmental Change Institute SoGE

Abstract

Our health and wellbeing depends on 'natural capital', which consists of living organisms and the air, water, soil and rock that supports them. Natural capital provides a range of 'ecosystem services' such as food, timber, climate regulation, air and water quality regulation, and green space for recreation and cultural value. The importance of 'green infrastructure' - the network of green spaces and water features that provides services to people - is also increasingly recognised.

A wide range of innovative tools have been developed by various research groups to assess natural capital, green infrastructure and the ecosystem services that flow from them. However, uptake of these tools by end-users is generally low. The UK's Ecosystems Knowledge Network (EKN) has started to bridge this gap by developing a 'Tool Assessor' service: a one-stop shop which connects users to the tools most applicable to their needs (http://ecosystemsknowledge.net/resources/tools/tool-assessor). This currently covers 12 tools applicable to the UK. This internship will provide a team of two researchers from the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute (ECI) to work with EKN staff to significantly expand the Tool Assessor service by evaluating and adding new tools and case studies.

The ECI researchers have complementary skills in modelling and ecosystem service assessment. They will provide links with a parallel NERC-funded project to identify tools for assessing green infrastructure in Bicester, and also with a major EU project that looks at 27 case studies involving the practical selection and application of a wide range of tools for ecosystem services assessment (the OpenNESS project). They also bring in-depth knowledge of the availability of key datasets in the UK.

The interns will add new tools arising in 2016 and early 2017. They will prepare case studies of where tools have been used in the UK, examining practical user issues such as environmental data requirements. The work will involve engagement with tool developers and users by telephone and in meetings. In addition two knowledge exchange events will be organised to bring end users together to share knowledge and experience of their practical experiences with the tools. The interns will also engage with at least two professional bodies representing specific key user groups. A workshop or seminar will be arranged with each professional group, reviewing the capability of tools to inform specific work tasks within that profession.

The UK has a particular strength in the availability of high quality datasets, but practitioners often struggle to access the data that is most relevant to their needs. The researchers will therefore compile a list of datasets suitable for use in the UK, and link these to the tools that can make use of them. This will enhance the functionality of the Tool Assessor.

The vision is that this internship will build the EKN Tool Assessor service into a UK-wide resource with an active following of users. It will deliver a resource that meets a real demand from the end-user community significantly enhancing the uptake of the emerging array of innovative tools to assess natural capital, green infrastructure and ecosystem services in the UK, and thus enabling better evidence-based decision making by those responsible for land and water management. By bridging the gap between research and practice, it will maximise the value of academic research and place the UK in the forefront of innovation for natural capital management.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description There is great interest in assessing natural capital and the services and benefits that flow from it, but users often lack the tools to do this. As well as updating the existing 12 analytical tools on the EKN Tool Assessor web pages, we reviewed over 130 tools, methods and guidance sources to identify whether any new tools could be added. Surprisingly, we discovered that very few of these tools were suitable for immediate application by UK practitioners. There is a funding gap where innovative new tools are developed but never fully completed, or they fall into disuse because funds are not available for maintenance and updating. Tools that have survived are often run by consultants, so they are not free to use but they are well maintained and supported. However we did identify two new tools (TESSA and ORVal) for which we added profiles to Tool Assessor, and three other tools that can be added later when they are fully developed. We also held two workshops where we presented an overview of the different types of tool available for 1) assessing net gain in new housing and infrastructure, and 2) assessing natural capital on rural estates. We found a very strong demand from users for these types of tool, although not all of the potential tools are fully developed and ready for use.
Exploitation Route We hope that funding models might change to provide more funding for ensuring that innovative new tools achieve their potential and do not become unusable due to lack of maintenance. We have also identified a core set of existing and emerging tools that can be used to assess natural capital in the UK, which is particularly important given the focus in the 25 year Environment Plan on achieving Net Gain in natural capital as part of new developments. We will continue to look for opportunities to raise awareness of these tools amongst potential users, e.g. planners, developers, land managers, conservation organisations. We were asked to run a workshop for Defra which helped to establish a community of practice for tool users. EKN are expanding their case study pages and we encourage the user community to continue to share their experiences of testing these tools in practice so that they can be refined and improved.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Construction,Environment

URL https://ecosystemsknowledge.net/tool-assessor-list-of-tools
 
Description Our review of available tools for assessing ecosystem services, natural capital and green infrastructure identified a number of emerging tools that could be used by planners and developers to ensure that high quality green infrastructure is built into new developments. Several of these tools were tested on our parallel project in Bicester. These tools have been demonstrated to a stakeholder meeting and attracted good feedback. The two knowledge exchange meetings that we organised for potential tool users were very popular and received good feedback. These meetings helped to connect potential users with tool developers, and to raise awareness of methods for assessing natural capital. We have also been able to build on our increased knowledge of the range of available tools to continue working with non-academic partners, further developing and applying our methods for mapping and assessing natural capital and ecosystem services in Oxfordshire, the Oxford-Cambridge Arc, and the Blenheim Estate.
First Year Of Impact 2017
Sector Environment
Impact Types Cultural,Societal

 
Description Influenced skills and knowledge of practitioners and decision-makers
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact The two workshops increased the awareness of practitioners (planners, land managers, developers) of how they can use the available tools to ensure that land-use change results in net environmental gain.
 
Description Oxford Policy Exchange Network (OPEN) fellowship: Evidence-based planning in the Oxfordshire growth area: working with local authorities to maximise the socio-economic benefits of green infrastructure
Amount £24,225 (GBP)
Funding ID 1809-OPEN-422 
Organisation University of Oxford 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 11/2018 
End 07/2019
 
Title EKN Tool Assessor 
Description The EKN Tool Assessor is an online resource consisting of information profiles for 14 analytical tools for ecosystem service assessment. This project aimed to update the 12 existing tools and find new tools to add. Two new tool profiles were added and three are ready to be added when the tools are fully developed. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2016 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Exact impacts are not known but the Tool Assessor has generated extensive interest from the user community. It is likely that it has played a significant role in enabling users to find the most appropriate tool for their needs. 
URL https://ecosystemsknowledge.net/resources/guidance-and-tools/tools/tool-assessor
 
Description Blenheim Estate Natural Capital Assessment 
Organisation Blenheim Palace
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution We conducted a natural capital assessment for the Blenheim Estate, applying the toolkit that we developed in Bicester.
Collaborator Contribution The Blenheim Estate is an ideal test location to apply and refine the toolkit we are developing. The estate has provided us with useful data to inform our assessment.
Impact The final report was delivered at the end of 2020. It was used to inform a successful bid for funding by the Blenheim Estate to restore part of their land, including through floodplain meadow restoration, native woodland planting and potentially rewilding.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Co-working with Oxfordshire County Council to provide input on green infrastructure and natural capital for the Oxfordshire Plan to 2050 
Organisation Oxfordshire County Council
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Alison Smith is working with Oxfordshire County Council's Environmental Strategy team to provide advice and develop mapping tools for incorporating green infrastructure and natural capital into the Oxfordshire Plan to 2050. This plan will set the direction and the policy framework for the long-term development of Oxfordshire's infrastructure, including deciding where to locate a potential extra 100,000 houses and associated infrastructure as part of the government's Growth Deal agreement. Impacts on natural capital and green infrastructure are potentially highly significant. Alison is applying some of the mapping and assessment tools developed as part of the Bicester project and the subsequent eco-metric project funded by Natural England.
Collaborator Contribution Oxfordshire County Council's Environmental Strategy team hosted a fellowship and provided the opportunity for us to demonstrate how our tools can be applied in practice to shape real-life policy decisions. The head of this team (Nick Mottram) worked directly with Alison one or two days each week, providing guidance on the questions that need to be answered and the most useful format for the outputs to ensure that our work has direct policy relevance. Subsequently OCC have provided letters of support for several proposed follow up bids to NERC which unfortunately were not successful.
Impact Alison produced maps of natural capital at county level which have been published in a report and presented in several fora.
Start Year 2018
 
Description Collaboration with EKN 
Organisation Ecosystems Knowledge Network
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Our collaboration on this project strengthened our relationship with the EKN, and as a result we invited them to join our successful bid to Natural England for a project to develop an eco-metric tool for assessing natural capital net gain. We have continued to assist them with updates to the Tool Assessor and they have provided letters of support for several subsequent funding applications to NERC (unfortunately not successful).
Collaborator Contribution The EKN have been valuable partners on Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the eco-metric project, bringing their expertise and contacts to the task of organising our stakeholder workshops and webinars.
Impact Phase 1 and Phase 2 Eco-metric webinars and stakeholder workshops.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration with NCPT team on the NCPT and Ecometric projects 
Organisation Consultancy for Environmental Economics & Policy
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution As a result of the EKN internship, we identified an opportunity to test the Natural Capital Planning Tool (NCPT) on the Bicester project. We also contributed to the general review and improvement of the scores and multipliers underlying the NCPT. We were then invited to present the outcome of the test at the final meeting of the NCPT team (led by Oliver Hoelzinger of the University of Birmingham and CEEP (Consultancy for Environmental Economics and Policy)). The links with the NCPT team led to us submitting a successful joint bid to develop a new eco-metric tool for assessing net gain in natural capital, for Natural England.
Collaborator Contribution The NCPT team provided the draft tool to enable us to test it for a development site in Bicester. They have also been key partners in the eco-metric project for Natural England, providing expert advice and assisting with the review of tools and development of the eco-metric approach.
Impact The NCPT tool itself (developed by the NCPT team with help from a range of partners, including us, on testing and review) was released on 6 March 2018 and should help users to assess the natural capital impacts of new developments, which should lead to improved outcomes for health, wellbeing and the environment. Development of the eco-metric approach is still in progress. Phase 1 has been completed and we bid successfully for a follow-on phase, Phase 2, which is currently nearing completion. The eco-metric tool that we are developing is likely to play a significant role in the UK Government's ambition to deliver net environmental gain as a part of new development.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration with NCPT team on the NCPT and Ecometric projects 
Organisation University of Birmingham
Department School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution As a result of the EKN internship, we identified an opportunity to test the Natural Capital Planning Tool (NCPT) on the Bicester project. We also contributed to the general review and improvement of the scores and multipliers underlying the NCPT. We were then invited to present the outcome of the test at the final meeting of the NCPT team (led by Oliver Hoelzinger of the University of Birmingham and CEEP (Consultancy for Environmental Economics and Policy)). The links with the NCPT team led to us submitting a successful joint bid to develop a new eco-metric tool for assessing net gain in natural capital, for Natural England.
Collaborator Contribution The NCPT team provided the draft tool to enable us to test it for a development site in Bicester. They have also been key partners in the eco-metric project for Natural England, providing expert advice and assisting with the review of tools and development of the eco-metric approach.
Impact The NCPT tool itself (developed by the NCPT team with help from a range of partners, including us, on testing and review) was released on 6 March 2018 and should help users to assess the natural capital impacts of new developments, which should lead to improved outcomes for health, wellbeing and the environment. Development of the eco-metric approach is still in progress. Phase 1 has been completed and we bid successfully for a follow-on phase, Phase 2, which is currently nearing completion. The eco-metric tool that we are developing is likely to play a significant role in the UK Government's ambition to deliver net environmental gain as a part of new development.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration with University of Northumbria - developing guidance on natural capital and green infrastructure 
Organisation Northumbria University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution As a result of our work on the Bicester project, and the links with the NCPT team that were developed through that project, we have developed a good partnership with Professor Alister Scott at the University of Northumbria who holds a NERC fellowship in Mainstreaming Green Infrastructure in which he is working closely with the TCPA. We have been invited to participate in several of Alister's initiatives related to green infrastructure, natural capital and environmental net gain: we contributed to several green infrastructure knowledge exchange workshops, contributed to a joint response to the consultation on the National Planning Policy Framework, and co-wrote a briefing document on green infrastructure and net gain aimed at policymakers in Defra / MHCLG and practitioners. We also invited Alister to be a partner in our eco-metric project for Natural England.
Collaborator Contribution Prof. Scott's work is expected to have a high impact in promoting and strengthening the use of green infrastructure in policy and planning, as he is working closely with policymakers (Defra, MHCLG) and practitioners (TCPA and others). He has also made valuable contributions as one of the expert advisors on our eco-metric project for Natural England.
Impact Response to NPPF consultation (led by Alister Scott) https://mainstreaminggreeninfrastructure.com/outputs-page.php?NPPF2_Scott Outputs from 'What kind of green infrastructure do we want? Building bridges between policy and practice' workshop (led by Alister Scott). https://mainstreaminggreeninfrastructure.com/outputs-page.php?Research-practice-GI Both of these are multidisciplinary, involving academics from the natural sciences, geography, social sciences and planners, and practitioners from biodiversity organisations, local authorities and planners.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Eco-metric tool development with Natural England 
Organisation Natural England
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution We have been working with Natural England to develop the 'eco-metric' tool, under their 'Growing natural capital' project. The eco-metric is a spreadsheet-based tool for assessing net gains and losses in natural capital as a result of land-use change, in terms of the ability of habitats to deliver 18 different ecosystem services. Development of this tool is part of Defra's work towards expanding biodiversity net gain approaches to include wider environmental benefits for people. We are currently in Phase 4 of development of the eco-metric, aiming to release a Beta-testing version in May 2021. We tested an early version of the tool with 20 pilot projects, working with a wide range of users including developers, consultants, water companies and local councils, and subsequently tested further with selected industry partners. There is very strong interest from the user community. In developing the tool we drew strongly on the knowledge gained from our review of over 300 ecosystem service assessment tools as part of the EKN project and our development of the land-cover scoring approach as part of the Bicester project.
Collaborator Contribution Natural England commissioned us to do this work and guided development of the tool, as well as steering the pilot tests and providing expert input.
Impact There have been two webinars describing development of the eco-metric and gathering feedback from users. We have also presented the tool at two practitioner conferences (CIWEM and CIEEM).
Start Year 2017
 
Description Oxford-Cambridge Arc Local Natural Capital Plan 
Organisation Environment Agency
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Alison Smith was invited to join the Technical Committee for the development of a Local Natural Capital Plan (LNCP) for the Oxford-Cambridge Growth Arc, led by the Environment Agency and Natural England. She presented the land-cover scoring method that was initially developed during the Bicester project and subsequently refined during follow-on work in Oxfordshire, and contributed advice on applying similar methods across the Arc. This led initially to a small amount of funding to contribute to a comparison of alternative mapping methods, jointly with Natural Capital Solutions (a consultancy). Alison was then commissioned to develop baseline ecosystem service maps of the Arc, which have now been published on the LNCP website.
Collaborator Contribution The LNCP team convened an expert group to advise on methods of mapping and assessing natural capital across the Arc. Through serving on this committee, Alison Smith has been able to learn about other relevant work and methods being carried out by a range of experts in the Arc, thus identifying potential future improvements and extensions to our methodology as well as obtaining valuable feedback on the applicability of our methods. The LNCP team then commissioned further work to develop ecosystem service maps of the Arc, and provided their underlying habitat map as input.
Impact A report led by our partners Natural Capital Solutions, comparing alternative methods of creating a natural capital base map. The final baseline ecosystem service maps, both using freely available data and using paid-for data from local record centres, delivered as GIS files plus a technical report.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Oxford-Cambridge Arc Local Natural Capital Plan 
Organisation Natural Capital Solutions
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Alison Smith was invited to join the Technical Committee for the development of a Local Natural Capital Plan (LNCP) for the Oxford-Cambridge Growth Arc, led by the Environment Agency and Natural England. She presented the land-cover scoring method that was initially developed during the Bicester project and subsequently refined during follow-on work in Oxfordshire, and contributed advice on applying similar methods across the Arc. This led initially to a small amount of funding to contribute to a comparison of alternative mapping methods, jointly with Natural Capital Solutions (a consultancy). Alison was then commissioned to develop baseline ecosystem service maps of the Arc, which have now been published on the LNCP website.
Collaborator Contribution The LNCP team convened an expert group to advise on methods of mapping and assessing natural capital across the Arc. Through serving on this committee, Alison Smith has been able to learn about other relevant work and methods being carried out by a range of experts in the Arc, thus identifying potential future improvements and extensions to our methodology as well as obtaining valuable feedback on the applicability of our methods. The LNCP team then commissioned further work to develop ecosystem service maps of the Arc, and provided their underlying habitat map as input.
Impact A report led by our partners Natural Capital Solutions, comparing alternative methods of creating a natural capital base map. The final baseline ecosystem service maps, both using freely available data and using paid-for data from local record centres, delivered as GIS files plus a technical report.
Start Year 2019
 
Description EKN Webinar: Tools for planning and evaluating green infrastructure: Bicester and beyond 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact We presented a 60 minute webinar run through the Ecosystems Knowledge Network to demonstrate the toolkit of approaches that we applied to map and evaluate green infrastructure in Bicester. Alison Smith presented the toolkit, and Jenny Barker from Cherwell District council contributed from the practitioners point of view. The webinar was attended by almost 100 professional practitioners and policymakers, including many from local authorities. There was considerable interest in the project and good feedback from attendees.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://vimeo.com/282500979
 
Description Mapping Natural Capital in Oxfordshire - Presentation at the 2019 Valuing Nature Network conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation of our natural capital mapping work at the 2019 Valuing Nature network conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://valuing-nature.net/sites/default/files/images/F4-1%20-%20Smith%2C%20Alison_MappingNatCapOxfo...
 
Description Presentation at the Association for Ecologically Conscious Builders conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Alison Smith was invited to give a presentation about how to embed green infrastructure into sustainable building projects. This generated some interesting discussions and requests for further information, and raised awareness of green infrastructure in the sustainable building industry.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.aecb.net/download/aecb-2019-conference-presentations/?ind=17&filename=Alison-Smith.pdf&w...
 
Description Presentation at the TCPA conference: Green Spaces, Healthy Places 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation at the national TCPA conference on "Green Spaces, Healthy Places", which generated a lot of interest and received good feedback.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.tcpa.org.uk/green-spaces-healthy-places-past-event
 
Description Presentation at the TDAG conference: Valuing trees and Green Infrastructure in the urban environment 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact I was invited to give this presentation to an audience of practitioners and policymakers interested in the value of urban trees and other GI. It was organised by the Trees and Design Action Group (TDAG), the RTPI and BIFOR. Following my presentation there was a lot of interest in the methods I had used. This led to other conversations, and eventually to us including a new tool in the toolkit - CAVAT, for valuing urban trees.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://bham.cloud.panopto.eu/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=86dcc9d8-71c2-4525-bd88-a96000fa6390
 
Description Simple tools for assessing the value of nature - Presentation at the Valuing Nature Network conference 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation at the Valuing Nature Network annual conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://valuing-nature.net/sites/default/files/documents/AnnualConf/2018_outputs/B4.1_smith%20alison...
 
Description Workshop on Housing, Infrastructure and Natural Capital (Cranfield) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This event was designed to help those who need to evaluate new housing and infrastructure proposals in terms of whether they deliver net gain of ecosystem services. It introduced three tools that may be suited to large housing and infrastructure proposals. The workshop included an overview of the range of tools available followed by presentations for each of the three tools, with an overview by the tool developer followed by a case study presented by a tool user. There was plenty of time for questions and a closing discussion about how useful the tools were in practice. This format was very popular and we had excellent feedback. 80% of attendees who provided feedback rated the event as exceeding expectations (score 4 or 5 out of 5; response rate 38%). The introductory talks and tool presentations were rated as roughly half good and half excellent, with 57% saying the event would definitely benefit their future work and the rest saying it would possibly benefit their work. Sample comments: "Really useful getting an overview of the tools available and how they can be used - particularly having case studies for each one too"; "Thank you - really helpful - more please"; "Provided good examples of how tools work".
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://ecosystemsknowledge.net/events/past-face-face-events/housing-infrastructure-and-natural-capi...
 
Description Workshop on Natural Capital for Rural Estate Professionals (Tatton) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This event was designed to help landowners, estate managers and those involved in land valuation understand what tools are available for the appraisal of nature's benefits, and to gather feedback on how the existing tools might need to be developed to make them more suitable for users. It covered a range of tools that can work at the catchment and estate level, from simple scoping tools or checklists to mapping tools and models. We had excellent feedback, with 89% of attendees rating the event as exceeding expectations (score 4 or 5 out of 5; (response rate 43%). Attendees found the workshop very useful for finding out about the range of tools on offer that can help them to take natural capital into account when making decisions on land management. The introductory talks and tool presentations at both events were rated as roughly half good and half excellent, with 69% saying the event would definitely benefit their future work and the rest saying it would possibly benefit their work. Sample comments: "I am already linking with a neighbouring estate to seek funding from Welsh Water! Very interesting and useful - thank you!"; "The event gave us lots of time to allow us to listen to each other"; "Really informative speakers on a subject that is still new to many of us"; "Interactive with plenty of opportunity for questions"; "Helpful for engaging with other stakeholders on their opinion of natural capital and finding out about the tools available"; "Now considering catchment area improvement".
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://ecosystemsknowledge.net/events/tatton