Detection of ultra high energy cosmic ray neutrinos with ANITA and investigation of future large-scale detectors
Lead Research Organisation:
University College London
Department Name: Physics and Astronomy
Abstract
Neutrinos are the second most abundant fundamental particle in the universe. They are produced by the sun as a by-product of the nuclear reactions powering the sun and on earth from radioactive decays. They are also produced in the upper atmosphere from the decays of the unstable particles that are produced by cosmic ray interactions. Neutrinos can thus tell us something about cosmic rays which in general we do not have a very complete understanding of. Cosmic rays are the particles produced amongst other things by exploding stars and are probably mostly protons but may also be heavier nuclei - we don't know yet and understanding their composition and energy can give us an insight into the nature of different star and galaxy types. Detecting neutrinos tells us about the nature of the universe and detecting the most energetic neutrinos tells us something about the most violent (and generally rarest) events in the universe. Neutrinos carry no charge, are almost massles and so only interact very weakly with their surroundings - indeed if the space between the earth and the sun was filled with lead, the neutrinos from the sun would still get to the earth - you would need a million times that distance of lead to stop the neutrinos ! Neutrinos can therefore travel from the very edges of the universe and thus from the earliest times and still reach the earth. Other particles cannot do this since they tend to get bent away by the magnetic fields of stars or planets or absorbed by the electromagnetic radiation that pervades the universe. This electromagnetic radiation is a remnant of the big bang and responsible for 1% of the interference you get on your analog TV picture and its precise measurement was just awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics. Neutrinos can provide information that other particles cannot. Higher energy neutrinos tend to get absorbed easier than lower energy neutrinos and so we should not see extremely high energy neutrinos from very distant sources. If we see very high energy neutrinos (above the so-called GZK cut-off) then they are being produced locally (close to our own galaxy) by a mechanism that involves new physics - either a new exotic way of accelerating a particle quickly or from the decay of a new fundamental particle that is yet to be detected. The theories that seek to describe the large scale nature of the universe and the quantum workings inside the atom are termed grand unified theories and they tend to predict the existence of new heavy, unstable particles. These unstable particles can produce neutrinos when they decay, so the observation of ultra high energy neutrinos may signal new physics from a grand unified theory or a new astro-physical acceleration mechanism. This proposal is seeking to measure these ultra high energy neutrinos for the first time using the radio signal (not quite radio-1) produced as they traverse through the ice of Antartica. We are hoping to detect this signal using a NASA balloon equipped wirth radio antenna that will hover above the Antartica for a month at the end of 2006 and then again at the end of 2008. We are also seeking to design a new large scale detctor that will sit on Antartica's Ross Ice Shelf that willl be a permanent neutrino detector that will hopefully reveal the existence of new particles or some exotic secret from the distant universe.
Organisations
- University College London (Lead Research Organisation)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Collaboration)
- University of Kansas (Collaboration)
- University of Delaware (Collaboration)
- National Taiwan University (Collaboration)
- Ohio State University (Collaboration)
- Washington University in St. Louis (Collaboration)
- University of Hawaii (Collaboration)
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (Collaboration)
Publications
Vieregg A
(2011)
THE FIRST LIMITS ON THE ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO FLUENCE FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
in The Astrophysical Journal
Varner G
(2007)
The large analog bandwidth recorder and digitizer with ordered readout (LABRADOR) ASIC
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Schoorlemmer H
(2016)
Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight
in Astroparticle Physics
Romero-Wolf A
(2015)
An interferometric analysis method for radio impulses from ultra-high energy particle showers
in Astroparticle Physics
Romero-Wolf A
(2019)
Comprehensive analysis of anomalous ANITA events disfavors a diffuse tau-neutrino flux origin
in Physical Review D
Prohira S
(2019)
HiCal 2: An instrument designed for calibration of the ANITA experiment and for Antarctic surface reflectivity measurements
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Hoover S
(2010)
Observation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with the ANITA balloon-borne radio interferometer.
in Physical review letters
Gorham PW
(2018)
Observation of an Unusual Upward-Going Cosmic-Ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA.
in Physical review letters
Gorham PW
(2007)
Observations of the Askaryan effect in ice.
in Physical review letters
Gorham PW
(2016)
Characteristics of Four Upward-Pointing Cosmic-Ray-like Events Observed with ANITA.
in Physical review letters
Gorham PW
(2009)
New limits on the ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrino flux from the ANITA experiment.
in Physical review letters
Gorham P
(2019)
Constraints on the ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrino flux from the fourth flight of ANITA
in Physical Review D
Gorham P
(2009)
The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna ultra-high energy neutrino detector: Design, performance, and sensitivity for the 2006-2007 balloon flight
in Astroparticle Physics
Gorham P
(2018)
Constraints on the diffuse high-energy neutrino flux from the third flight of ANITA
in Physical Review D
Gorham P
(2010)
Observational constraints on the ultrahigh energy cosmic neutrino flux from the second flight of the ANITA experiment
in Physical Review D
Deaconu C
(2018)
Measurements and modeling of near-surface radio propagation in glacial ice and implications for neutrino experiments
in Physical Review D
Cremonesi L
(2019)
The simulation of the sensitivity of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) to Askaryan radiation from cosmogenic neutrinos interacting in the Antarctic Ice
in Journal of Instrumentation
Connolly A
(2009)
Measurements of radio propagation in rock salt for the detection of high-energy neutrinos
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Besson D
(2008)
In situ radioglaciological measurements near Taylor Dome, Antarctica and implications for ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino astronomy
in Astroparticle Physics
Allison P
(2018)
Dynamic tunable notch filters for the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA)
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Allison P
(2015)
First constraints on the ultra-high energy neutrino flux from a prototype station of the Askaryan Radio Array
in Astroparticle Physics
Allison P
(2019)
Measurement of the real dielectric permittivity ? of glacial ice
in Astroparticle Physics
Allison P
(2019)
Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Allison P
(2009)
IceRay: An IceCube-centered radio-Cherenkov GZK neutrino detector
in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Description | Leverhulme Trust Project Award |
Amount | £220,005 (GBP) |
Funding ID | RPG-2014-254 |
Organisation | The Leverhulme Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2014 |
End | 10/2017 |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) |
Department | Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
Country | United States |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | National Taiwan University |
Country | Taiwan, Province of China |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | Ohio State University |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | University of Delaware |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | University of Hawaii |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | University of Kansas |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | ANITA |
Organisation | Washington University in St Louis |
Country | United States |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | Responsibilities for online and off-line software development. Development of GPU trigger. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Collaborator Contribution | Remaining hardware for the ANITA missions. Balloon campaign support. Analysis. |
Impact | Over 10 publications. |
Description | School Lecture |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | talk sparked questions and discussion afterwards. Received several requests to talk at individual schools following public talks at science centres. Anecdotal evidence of increased interest in Physics. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
URL | http://www.ucl.ac.uk/phys/department/science_centre |