University of Sussex Astronomy Consolidated Grant 2023-2026
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Sussex
Department Name: Sch of Mathematical & Physical Sciences
Abstract
This proposal seeks support to continue an extensive programme of research into extragalactic astrophysics and cosmology, by addressing some of the most pressing astrophysical questions of our time, such as:
- What are the laws of physics operating in the early Universe?
- How did the initial structure in the universe form?
- How is the universe evolving and what roles do dark matter and dark energy play?
- When and how were the first stars, black holes and galaxies born?
- How do stars and galaxies evolve?
To achieve these aims we will combine cutting-edge observations, numerical simulations, and statistical techniques.
This proposal consists of 10 varied but interconnected projects, each involving one or more faculty members and researchers, that can be collected into three broad themes: Early and late universe cosmology; Galaxy simulation and modelling; Galaxy and cluster observations and analysis:
Early and late universe cosmology: a series of projects will address theoretical predictions and observational constraints on inflation, dark energy and large scale structure. Our work encompasses both the development of theoretical frameworks and the analysis of cutting edge observational data-sets.
Galaxy simulation and modelling: we will use Peta-scale computing facilities to carry out detailed studies of the formation and evolution of the first structures, and make statistical predictions that can be used in the exploitation of current and upcoming observational facilities such as James Webb Space Telescope, Euclid, LOFAR, and the Square Kilometre Array.
Galaxy and cluster observations: we will make use of multi-wavelength observations to answer a variety of questions concerning the formation and evolution of galaxies. We will continue to exploit our involvement in the Dark Energy Survey, Euclid, the James Webb Space Telescope, the 4m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) on VISTA, LOFAR, the Vera Rubin Observatory, and the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey.
We also request support for an outreach project attached to Project 10.
- What are the laws of physics operating in the early Universe?
- How did the initial structure in the universe form?
- How is the universe evolving and what roles do dark matter and dark energy play?
- When and how were the first stars, black holes and galaxies born?
- How do stars and galaxies evolve?
To achieve these aims we will combine cutting-edge observations, numerical simulations, and statistical techniques.
This proposal consists of 10 varied but interconnected projects, each involving one or more faculty members and researchers, that can be collected into three broad themes: Early and late universe cosmology; Galaxy simulation and modelling; Galaxy and cluster observations and analysis:
Early and late universe cosmology: a series of projects will address theoretical predictions and observational constraints on inflation, dark energy and large scale structure. Our work encompasses both the development of theoretical frameworks and the analysis of cutting edge observational data-sets.
Galaxy simulation and modelling: we will use Peta-scale computing facilities to carry out detailed studies of the formation and evolution of the first structures, and make statistical predictions that can be used in the exploitation of current and upcoming observational facilities such as James Webb Space Telescope, Euclid, LOFAR, and the Square Kilometre Array.
Galaxy and cluster observations: we will make use of multi-wavelength observations to answer a variety of questions concerning the formation and evolution of galaxies. We will continue to exploit our involvement in the Dark Energy Survey, Euclid, the James Webb Space Telescope, the 4m Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) on VISTA, LOFAR, the Vera Rubin Observatory, and the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey.
We also request support for an outreach project attached to Project 10.
Publications
Seeyave L
(2023)
First light and reionization epoch simulations (FLARES) X iii : the lyman-continuum emission of high-redshift galaxies
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Sharma D
(2024)
Spectral distortions from acoustic dissipation with non-Gaussian (or not) perturbations
in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Smith M.
(2023)
VizieR Online Data Catalog: Effect of host galaxies on SN luminosity (Smith+, 2020)
in VizieR Online Data Catalog
Thomas P
(2023)
First light and reionization epoch simulations ( Flares ) X: environmental galaxy bias and survey variance at high redshift
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Toy M
(2023)
Rates and properties of Type Ia supernovae in galaxy clusters within the dark energy survey
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Trump J
(2023)
The Physical Conditions of Emission-line Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations
in The Astrophysical Journal
Trussler J
(2024)
EPOCHS IX. When cosmic dawn breaks: evidence for evolved stellar populations in 7 < z < 12 galaxies from PEARLS GTO and public NIRCam imaging
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Trussler J
(2023)
Seeing sharper and deeper: JWST's first glimpse of the photometric and spectroscopic properties of galaxies in the epoch of reionization
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| Title | Data for 'Overcoming Confusion Noise with Hyperspectral Imaging from PRIMAger' (2024) |
| Description | Data for paper published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 532, Issue 2, August 2024, Pages 1966-1979Description of data:The simulated PRIMAger maps generated via the SIDES simulation on which the analysis of the article was conducted are stored within the PRIMA_data_availability/PRIMAger_simulated_maps_w_instrumental_noise folder. There are 16 maps in total; 6 representing the PHI1 channels (PHI1_1 - PHI1_6), 6 representing the PHI2 channels (PHI2_1 - PHI2_6) and 4 representing the PPI channels (PPI1 - PPI4). These maps contain both realistic confusion and instrumental noise. The generation of these maps are discussed in details in Section 2 of the article.The full catalogue of all sources and their true physical parameters generated from the SIDES simulation is stored as PRIMA_data_availability/pySIDES_PRIMA.fits. The simulated maps are generated from this simulation catalogue, which also contains the true fluxes of each source in all 16 of the PRIMAger channels.The Wiener-filtered prior source catalogue which is described in Section 3.2 is stored as joined_full_w_first_detected_centroid.fits.The catalogue of fluxes extracted from XID+ across all 16 PRIMAger channels using the Wiener-filtered prior source catalogue is stored as PRIMA_data_availability/XID_plus_output/wiener_filtered_prior_cat_results_catalogue.fits. The results from this catalogue are discussed in Section 5.1 of the article.The full posteriors outputted from XID+ across all 16 PRIMAger channels using the Deep prior source catalogue with some prior flux knowledge are stored within PRIMA_data_availability/XID_plus_output/deep_prior_catalogue_posteriors. Within this folder there are subfolders for each of the 16 PRIMAger channels which contain .pkl files for 4 HEALpix tiles, each of which contain the full XID+ flux posteriors for a subset of the simulated sources. The median value of these flux posteriors form the results from Section 5.2 of the article.In order to reproduce the above results from the simulated PRIMAger maps, the software package XID+ must be employed, as detailed in Section 4.1 of the article and is available here. Article Abstract:The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) concept aims to perform mapping with spectral coverage and sensitivities inaccessible to previous FIR space telescopes. PRIMA's imaging instrument, PRIMAger, provides unique hyperspectral imaging simultaneously covering 25-235 µm. We synthesise images representing a deep, 1500 hr deg-2 PRIMAger survey, with realistic instrumental and confusion noise. We demonstrate that we can construct catalogues of galaxies with a high purity (> 95 per cent) at a source density of 42k deg-2 using PRIMAger data alone. Using the XID+ deblending tool we show that we measure fluxes with an accuracy better than 20 per cent to flux levels of 0.16, 0.80, 9.7 and 15 mJy at 47.4, 79.7, 172, 235 µm respectively. These are a factor of ~2 and ~3 fainter than the classical confusion limits for 72-96 µm and 126-235 µm, respectively. At 1.5 ? ? 2, we detect and accurately measure fluxes in 8-10 of the 10 channels covering 47-235 µm for sources with 2 ? log(SFR) ? 2.5, a 0.5 dex improvement on what might be expected from the classical confusion limit. Recognising that PRIMager will operate in a context where high quality data will be available at other wavelengths, we investigate the benefits of introducing additional prior information. We show that by introducing even weak prior flux information when employing a higher source density catalogue (more than one source per beam) we can obtain accurate fluxes an order of magnitude below the classical confusion limit for 96-235 µm. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://sussex.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_for_Overcoming_Confusion_Noise_with_Hyperspectral_... |
| Title | Data for 'Overcoming Confusion Noise with Hyperspectral Imaging from PRIMAger' (2024) |
| Description | Data for paper published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 532, Issue 2, August 2024, Pages 1966-1979Description of data:The simulated PRIMAger maps generated via the SIDES simulation on which the analysis of the article was conducted are stored within the PRIMA_data_availability/PRIMAger_simulated_maps_w_instrumental_noise folder. There are 16 maps in total; 6 representing the PHI1 channels (PHI1_1 - PHI1_6), 6 representing the PHI2 channels (PHI2_1 - PHI2_6) and 4 representing the PPI channels (PPI1 - PPI4). These maps contain both realistic confusion and instrumental noise. The generation of these maps are discussed in details in Section 2 of the article.The full catalogue of all sources and their true physical parameters generated from the SIDES simulation is stored as PRIMA_data_availability/pySIDES_PRIMA.fits. The simulated maps are generated from this simulation catalogue, which also contains the true fluxes of each source in all 16 of the PRIMAger channels.The Wiener-filtered prior source catalogue which is described in Section 3.2 is stored as joined_full_w_first_detected_centroid.fits.The catalogue of fluxes extracted from XID+ across all 16 PRIMAger channels using the Wiener-filtered prior source catalogue is stored as PRIMA_data_availability/XID_plus_output/wiener_filtered_prior_cat_results_catalogue.fits. The results from this catalogue are discussed in Section 5.1 of the article.The full posteriors outputted from XID+ across all 16 PRIMAger channels using the Deep prior source catalogue with some prior flux knowledge are stored within PRIMA_data_availability/XID_plus_output/deep_prior_catalogue_posteriors. Within this folder there are subfolders for each of the 16 PRIMAger channels which contain .pkl files for 4 HEALpix tiles, each of which contain the full XID+ flux posteriors for a subset of the simulated sources. The median value of these flux posteriors form the results from Section 5.2 of the article.In order to reproduce the above results from the simulated PRIMAger maps, the software package XID+ must be employed, as detailed in Section 4.1 of the article and is available here. Article Abstract:The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) concept aims to perform mapping with spectral coverage and sensitivities inaccessible to previous FIR space telescopes. PRIMA's imaging instrument, PRIMAger, provides unique hyperspectral imaging simultaneously covering 25-235 µm. We synthesise images representing a deep, 1500 hr deg-2 PRIMAger survey, with realistic instrumental and confusion noise. We demonstrate that we can construct catalogues of galaxies with a high purity (> 95 per cent) at a source density of 42k deg-2 using PRIMAger data alone. Using the XID+ deblending tool we show that we measure fluxes with an accuracy better than 20 per cent to flux levels of 0.16, 0.80, 9.7 and 15 mJy at 47.4, 79.7, 172, 235 µm respectively. These are a factor of ~2 and ~3 fainter than the classical confusion limits for 72-96 µm and 126-235 µm, respectively. At 1.5 ? ? 2, we detect and accurately measure fluxes in 8-10 of the 10 channels covering 47-235 µm for sources with 2 ? log(SFR) ? 2.5, a 0.5 dex improvement on what might be expected from the classical confusion limit. Recognising that PRIMager will operate in a context where high quality data will be available at other wavelengths, we investigate the benefits of introducing additional prior information. We show that by introducing even weak prior flux information when employing a higher source density catalogue (more than one source per beam) we can obtain accurate fluxes an order of magnitude below the classical confusion limit for 96-235 µm. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://sussex.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_for_Overcoming_Confusion_Noise_with_Hyperspectral_... |
| Description | 4MOST |
| Organisation | European Southern Observatory (ESO) |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | to be added later |
| Collaborator Contribution | to be added later |
| Impact | to be added later |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | Euclid |
| Organisation | European Space Agency |
| Department | ESA Laboratories |
| Country | European Union (EU) |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | to be added later |
| Collaborator Contribution | to be added later |
| Impact | to be added later |
| Start Year | 2020 |
| Description | Exhibit @ Future Lab @ Goodwood Festival of Speed |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Developed and staffed an exhibit at the Future Lab, a part of the Goodwood Festival of Speed. Exhibit was open for 3 full days and engaged with around 2000 people conservatively. Included significant media presence. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.goodwood.com/motorsport/festival-of-speed/explore-festival-of-speed/fos-future-lab/ |
| Description | Lewes STEM Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The Lewes STEM Festival STEM fair is a one day celebration of STEM activity in Sussex. The 2023 event featured around 30 exhibitors from local universities, businesses, and charitable organisations and welcomed ~1200 visitors over 4 hours. The event was entirely free to attend. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Media work with the Observer |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Media work with Robin McKie of the Observer/Guardian. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/dec/23/how-the-james-webb-telescope-is-set-to-find-strange-... |
| Description | Remote Talk @ The STEM Hub for Space Week |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | Remote talk organised by the STEM Hub and delivered to a group of schools. 2580 students reached. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://thestemhub.org.uk/career-talks/talk/a-tale-of-two-telescopes-jwst-and-euclid |
| Description | Talk @ National Astronomy Meeting about JWST and Euclid |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | An invited public talk about JWST and Euclid at the National Astronomy Meeting hosted by the University of Cardiff |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Talk @ Observatory Science Centre Astronomy Festival |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Talk at the Observatory Science Centre Astronomy Festival |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.the-observatory.org/astronomy-festival |
| Description | Talk @ Royal Society Lates |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A public talk at the Royal Society Lates event |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | Talk @ Sussex Astronomy Christmas Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The inaugural Sussex Astronomy Christmas Lecture given by Prof. Stephen Wilkins. The event consisted of two evening lectures aimed at a general public audience and held in the Attenborough Centre for Creative Arts. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |