Chemodynamical Simulations of the Milky Way
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Hertfordshire
Department Name: School of Physics, Astronomy and Maths
Abstract
Our aim is to provide a suite of chemodynamical simulations of disk galaxies within a cosmological framework, in order to interpret Galactic archaeology survey data, i.e., the kinematics and chemical abundances obtained with Gaia and spectroscopic surveys such as HERMES, WEAVE, and PFS (all of which Kobayashi is participating in), as well as pencil-beam observations of very-nearby galaxies with JWST. We will use a set of initial conditions from cosmological simulations and run zoom-in simulations with high enough resolution to resolve spatial distributions of elements. We will start with the latest nucleosynthesis yields in Kobayashi et al. (2020a), and will add the effects of stellar rotation and binaries during the project. The PDRA will also update the existing Gadget-3 based code (Vincenzo & Kobayashi 2020), using the magneto-hydrodynamical code AREPO (Springel 2010) and more advanced modelling of baryon physics. We will also use the simulations to unveil the formation and evolution of the Milky Way across cosmic time and probe the origin of elements in the universe.
Organisations
- University of Hertfordshire (Lead Research Organisation)
- University of Cambridge (Collaboration)
- Max Planck Society (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF YORK (Collaboration)
- University of Portsmouth (Collaboration)
- Liverpool John Moores University (Collaboration)
- Anglo Australian Observatory (Collaboration)
- Subaru Telescope (Collaboration)
- University of Victoria (Collaboration)
- Johns Hopkins University (Collaboration)
- University of Warwick (Collaboration)
- Paris Institute of Astrophysics (Collaboration)
- University of Surrey (Collaboration)
- Keele University (Collaboration)
- Canada France Hawaii Telescope (Collaboration)
- National Institute for Astrophysics (Collaboration)
- Harvard University (Collaboration)
- University of Geneva (Collaboration)
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (Collaboration)
- European Southern Observatory (ESO) (Collaboration)
- Australian National University (ANU) (Collaboration)
- Instituto de Física La Plata (Collaboration)
- University of Hull (Collaboration)
- Armagh Observatory and Planetarium (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD (Collaboration)
- University of Tokyo (Collaboration)
- Princeton University (Collaboration)
- Observatory of Strasbourg (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH (Collaboration)
Publications
Ajith P
(2025)
The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: mission studies and science case
in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Arellano-Córdova K
(2025)
The JWST EXCELS survey: direct estimates of C, N, and O abundances in two relatively metal-rich galaxies at z ? 5
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Arnaboldi M
(2025)
Chemical enrichment of the thin and thicker discs of Andromeda: Oxygen to argon abundance ratios for planetary nebulae
in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
Bhattacharya S
(2024)
The Andromeda Galaxy's Last Major Merger: Constraints from the survey of Planetary Nebulae
in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
Bhattacharya S
(2026)
The origin of extreme N-emitters in star-forming galaxies at z < 0.5 with DESI DR1
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Bhattacharya S
(2025)
Unveiling Galaxy Chemical Enrichment Mechanisms Out to z ~ 8 from Direct Determination of O and Ar Abundances from JWST/NIRSPEC Spectroscopy
in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Bosomworth C
(2025)
Cloud-scale elemental abundance variations and the CO-to-dust-mass conversion factor in M31
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Cataldi E
(2025)
MARTA: Temperature-temperature relationships and strong-line metallicity calibrations from multiple auroral-line detections at cosmic noon
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Curti M
(2025)
JADES: The star formation and chemical enrichment history of a luminous galaxy at z ~ 9.43 probed by ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | Armagh Observatory and Planetarium |
| Department | Armagh Observatory |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | Keele University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | Liverpool John Moores University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Cambridge |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Edinburgh |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Hull |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Portsmouth |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Surrey |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of Warwick |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | BRIDGCE consortium: BRIdge the Disciplines related to the Galactic Chemical Evolution |
| Organisation | University of York |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi became the chair of this STFC-funded consortium in 2019, and is organizing annual meetings and initiating consortium grand application for STFC. Gabriele Cescutti was the STFC-funded PDRA in 2015/16, and Fiorenzo Vincenzo was in 2017/2019, both were working with Kobayashi at Univ. of Hertfordshire. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The BRIDGCE consortium is important for us and for all its partners in order to develope synergy between the various expertise available in the UK and facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. As the chair Kobayashi has been co-organizing a parallel session at NAM and an online annual meeting every year, which also provided an opportunity for ECRs/students to participate management and develop leadership. Kobayashi has also been monitoring gender statistics and EDI at the research network. |
| Impact | The main outcomes of BRIDGCE are the following: Facilitate transfer of knowledge and collaborations related to the origin of the elements across the various disciplines and institutions in the UK. Liaise with other national and international networks (e.g. JINA) who share the same goals. Develop synergy between the various expertise available in the UK. Enhance PhD students training in this multi-disciplinary research area. In 2022, BRIDGCE was invited to join a larger international research network IReNA https://www.irenaweb.org |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | HERMES-GALAH |
| Organisation | Anglo Australian Observatory |
| Country | Australia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is on the Science Team for high-resolution multi-element spectrograph (HERMES) for the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT), and have been on >10 journal papers that uses the observational data. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The high-resolution spectrograph was built by the AAO, the survey wass desinged and has been run by the team members based in Australia. |
| Impact | The spectrograph has been successfully developed and installed on the AAT in 2013. The Galactic Archaeology survey (GALAH) is on-going. Data Release 3 paper is published in 2021, with Kobayashi as a co-author. |
| Start Year | 2008 |
| Description | HERMES-GALAH |
| Organisation | Australian National University (ANU) |
| Department | Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| Country | Australia |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is on the Science Team for high-resolution multi-element spectrograph (HERMES) for the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT), and have been on >10 journal papers that uses the observational data. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The high-resolution spectrograph was built by the AAO, the survey wass desinged and has been run by the team members based in Australia. |
| Impact | The spectrograph has been successfully developed and installed on the AAT in 2013. The Galactic Archaeology survey (GALAH) is on-going. Data Release 3 paper is published in 2021, with Kobayashi as a co-author. |
| Start Year | 2008 |
| Description | HRMOS - The High-Resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph |
| Organisation | European Southern Observatory (ESO) |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi joined the science working group in 2025, contributing to the white paper. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Kobayashi's prediction of Galactic chemodynaical simulations will be tested by the observational data. |
| Impact | White paper is to be submitted on ArXiv. |
| Start Year | 2025 |
| Description | IPMU |
| Organisation | University of Tokyo |
| Department | Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe |
| Country | Japan |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is the affiliate member of this institute (with unlimited travel support) since 2009, and regularly publish journal papers through this collaboration. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Prof. Ken Nomoto's group at IPMU is calclulating nucleosynthesis yields of supernovae, which have been used for several journal papers led by Kobayashi over ten years. His postdoc, ShingChi Leung, have also calculated the 2D yields for Type Ia Supernovae, for a recent paper led by Kobayashi. Miho Ishigaki is performing the abundance fitting analysis of metal-poor stars and led a few papers. Recently, Tilman Hartwig has developed machine learning approach and is leading a paper. |
| Impact | Kobayashi led a journal paper on Type Ia supernovae in 2020a and 2015, which was extended to another paper on dwarf galaxies (Cescutti & Kobayashi 2017). The nucleosynthesis yields of core-collapse supernovae have published as the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 2013, which is the update from Kobayashi's papers in 2006, 2011, and is further updated in Kobayash et al. 2020b. For the abundance fitting analysis, 4 journal papers published (Ishigaki et al. 2014, 2018, 2021 and Kobayashi et al 2011, 2014), which was expanded to another paper submitted to Nature Astronomy (Harwig et al.) |
| Description | MSE - the Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer |
| Organisation | Canada France Hawaii Telescope |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is invited to join the science team in 2016 as an expert of galactic archaeology, and attending monthly meetings. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The 11.25m telescope in Hawaii and high-resolution multi-object spectrograph are designed and constructed by the partners. The observational survey will be designed by the team. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the MSE project in my review paper in 2022. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | NSF-funded project: Solving the Type Ia Progenitor Puzzle: Building Bridges between Theory and Observation |
| Organisation | Harvard University |
| Department | Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is in charge of galactic chemical evolution component in this research group on Type Ia supernovae with 5 experts originally from US, Germany, and China. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The other group members provides new theory of binary star evolutions for Kobayashi's galaxy models. The PI Prof. Rosanne Di Stefano was funded by NSF, 500 USD for 3 years for this project in 2020. This grant ended in 2023 but the research collaboration continues. |
| Impact | One journal paper, Kruckow et al. 2012, is published, and a few more papers are in preparation. Each member has a dffernnt experties and this project is multi-disciplinary. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | NSF-funded project: Solving the Type Ia Progenitor Puzzle: Building Bridges between Theory and Observation |
| Organisation | University of Geneva |
| Department | Geneva Observatory |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is in charge of galactic chemical evolution component in this research group on Type Ia supernovae with 5 experts originally from US, Germany, and China. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The other group members provides new theory of binary star evolutions for Kobayashi's galaxy models. The PI Prof. Rosanne Di Stefano was funded by NSF, 500 USD for 3 years for this project in 2020. This grant ended in 2023 but the research collaboration continues. |
| Impact | One journal paper, Kruckow et al. 2012, is published, and a few more papers are in preparation. Each member has a dffernnt experties and this project is multi-disciplinary. |
| Start Year | 2019 |
| Description | Prime Focus Spectrograph PFS on Subaru Telescope |
| Organisation | Johns Hopkins University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As a Japanese national, Kobayashi is entitled and became the Survey Participant in 2021, and has been contributing to the Subaru Strategic Program for Galactic Archaeology (led by Rosie Wyse) and Galaxy Evolution (led by Jenny Greene) surveys. In 2023, Kobayashi became the co-chair of the galaxy evolution team. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The multi-object spectrograph for 8.2m Subaru telescope in Hawaii is designed and constructed by the partners. The observational surveys commenced in 2025, and continues over 360 nights for six years. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the PFS project in my review paper in 2022 and book chapter in 2023. White paper is released on arXiv:2206.14908 |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Prime Focus Spectrograph PFS on Subaru Telescope |
| Organisation | Max Planck Society |
| Department | Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As a Japanese national, Kobayashi is entitled and became the Survey Participant in 2021, and has been contributing to the Subaru Strategic Program for Galactic Archaeology (led by Rosie Wyse) and Galaxy Evolution (led by Jenny Greene) surveys. In 2023, Kobayashi became the co-chair of the galaxy evolution team. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The multi-object spectrograph for 8.2m Subaru telescope in Hawaii is designed and constructed by the partners. The observational surveys commenced in 2025, and continues over 360 nights for six years. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the PFS project in my review paper in 2022 and book chapter in 2023. White paper is released on arXiv:2206.14908 |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Prime Focus Spectrograph PFS on Subaru Telescope |
| Organisation | Princeton University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As a Japanese national, Kobayashi is entitled and became the Survey Participant in 2021, and has been contributing to the Subaru Strategic Program for Galactic Archaeology (led by Rosie Wyse) and Galaxy Evolution (led by Jenny Greene) surveys. In 2023, Kobayashi became the co-chair of the galaxy evolution team. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The multi-object spectrograph for 8.2m Subaru telescope in Hawaii is designed and constructed by the partners. The observational surveys commenced in 2025, and continues over 360 nights for six years. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the PFS project in my review paper in 2022 and book chapter in 2023. White paper is released on arXiv:2206.14908 |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Prime Focus Spectrograph PFS on Subaru Telescope |
| Organisation | Subaru Telescope |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | As a Japanese national, Kobayashi is entitled and became the Survey Participant in 2021, and has been contributing to the Subaru Strategic Program for Galactic Archaeology (led by Rosie Wyse) and Galaxy Evolution (led by Jenny Greene) surveys. In 2023, Kobayashi became the co-chair of the galaxy evolution team. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The multi-object spectrograph for 8.2m Subaru telescope in Hawaii is designed and constructed by the partners. The observational surveys commenced in 2025, and continues over 360 nights for six years. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the PFS project in my review paper in 2022 and book chapter in 2023. White paper is released on arXiv:2206.14908 |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Prime Focus Spectrograph PFS on Subaru Telescope |
| Organisation | University of Tokyo |
| Country | Japan |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | As a Japanese national, Kobayashi is entitled and became the Survey Participant in 2021, and has been contributing to the Subaru Strategic Program for Galactic Archaeology (led by Rosie Wyse) and Galaxy Evolution (led by Jenny Greene) surveys. In 2023, Kobayashi became the co-chair of the galaxy evolution team. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The multi-object spectrograph for 8.2m Subaru telescope in Hawaii is designed and constructed by the partners. The observational surveys commenced in 2025, and continues over 360 nights for six years. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the PFS project in my review paper in 2022 and book chapter in 2023. White paper is released on arXiv:2206.14908 |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Pristine Survey |
| Organisation | Observatory of Strasbourg |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Sestito is an executive member of the survey since September 2024. Otherwise memebr since 2017. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Sestito analysed Pristine data and spectroscopic follow-up. |
| Impact | 5 journal papers published since September 2024. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | S-PLUS survey |
| Organisation | Instituto de Física La Plata |
| Country | Argentina |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Sestito is contributing to data analysis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Sestito co-authored one published paper since September 2024 |
| Impact | Sestito co-authored one published paper since September 2024 |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | The Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna LGWA |
| Organisation | National Institute for Astrophysics |
| Country | Italy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi joined the science working group in 2022, contributing to the white paper as a reviewer of a section. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Kobayashi's prediction of compact object mergers will be test by the observational data with LGWA. |
| Impact | White paper is published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2025. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | The Lunar Gravitational-Wave Antenna LGWA |
| Organisation | National Institute for Nuclear Physics |
| Country | Italy |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi joined the science working group in 2022, contributing to the white paper as a reviewer of a section. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Kobayashi's prediction of compact object mergers will be test by the observational data with LGWA. |
| Impact | White paper is published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2025. |
| Start Year | 2022 |
| Description | UNIONS survey |
| Organisation | University of Victoria |
| Country | Canada |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Sestito is a member of UNIONS since 2023 |
| Collaborator Contribution | Sestito co-authored some papers in preparation. |
| Impact | Papers are under preparation. |
| Start Year | 2023 |
| Description | WEAVE |
| Organisation | Paris Institute of Astrophysics |
| Country | France |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is a member of Galactic Archaeology Science Team, and gave a talk at the Team Meeting in Paris 2016 and in Barcelona 2019 to identify scientific problems. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The high-resolution multi-object spectrograph is being built, will be installed on the WHT, and the galaxy survey started in 2022. The stellar survey is about to start in 2026. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the WEAVE project in my review paper in 2022. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | WEAVE |
| Organisation | University of Oxford |
| Department | Department of Physics |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi is a member of Galactic Archaeology Science Team, and gave a talk at the Team Meeting in Paris 2016 and in Barcelona 2019 to identify scientific problems. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The high-resolution multi-object spectrograph is being built, will be installed on the WHT, and the galaxy survey started in 2022. The stellar survey is about to start in 2026. |
| Impact | No output yet since the survey has not started yet. I highlighted the WEAVE project in my review paper in 2022. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | WST - wide-field spectroscopic telescope |
| Organisation | European Southern Observatory (ESO) |
| Country | Germany |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Kobayashi joined the science working group of Galactic archaeology in 2024, contributing to the white paper as co-chair of sub working group on nucleosynthesis. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Kobayashi's prediction of Galactic chemodynaical simulations will be tested by the observational data. |
| Impact | White paper is submitted to ESO, 2026. |
| Start Year | 2024 |