The formation and evolution of stars
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Exeter
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
We propose to conduct research into the formation of stars and planets. Stars are born in galaxies, from giant clouds of dust and molecular gas. Our group is involved in several surveys of galactic star forming regions using the sub-millimetre waveband, and we will exploit these surveys to better understand the properties and evolution of the molecular clouds as they collapse under gravity to form stars. We also plan to study the properties of star forming clusters, using statistical analyses of the colour and luminosities of the stars in comparison with models in order to determine cluster ages and, subsequently, to map the progress of star formation as a function of position and time within our Galaxy. What are the necessary conditions for planets to form in the dusty disks around protostars? This question will be addressed using multiwavelength (from the optical, through the infrared, to the sub-millimetre) observations of individual objects combined with supercomputer simulations of the dynamics of - and passage of light through - the disks. This research will tell us how the dust properties inside the disks change as grain growth occurs. We will examine the dynamics of vertical and radial mixing within disks, and how processed grains are transported from the inner disk to the outer disk. The radial mixing may be the result of protostellar outflows, and we will critically examine how the material from the disk is accreted onto the stars, and why a significant fraction of this material is ejected from the system. The disks outlined above are the birth place of planets. We now know of over 250 planets outside our own solar system - the exoplanets. We propose to use two techniques to search for new systems, and to directly image planets around other stars. We will find new planets using the transit technique, in which the exoplanet passes in front of its parent star, which we observe as a dip in its brightness. Imaging planets around other stars is an extraordinarily difficult task, principally due to the enormous contrast between the bright star and the dim planet. We are proposing to use a new instrument which will allow us, for the first time, to image these distant worlds and measure their atmospheric properties. On the largest scales we wish to use observations to probe star formation at the earliest stages of the Universe. This work requires imaging and spectroscopy using the world's largest telescopes, and involves attempting to find the most distant galaxies in the Universe, which are in turn the youngest (less than 10% of the age of local galaxies). We will use these observations to determine the epoch at which the Universe was reionized by the first stars.
Organisations
Publications
Haworth T
(2012)
Radiation hydrodynamics of triggered star formation: the effect of the diffuse radiation field Radiation hydrodynamics of star formation
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Saunders E
(2009)
Pre-main-sequence variability across the radiative-convective gap
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Feigelson E
(2013)
OVERVIEW OF THE MASSIVE YOUNG STAR-FORMING COMPLEX STUDY IN INFRARED AND X-RAY (MYStIX) PROJECT
in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Mayne N
(2010)
On the properties of discs around accreting brown dwarfs Brown dwarf discs
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Vink J
(2009)
On the presence and absence of disks around O-type stars
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mayne N
(2010)
Observational indicators of the transition from fully convective stars to stars with radiative cores The CR transition
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Barriault L
(2010)
Multiwavelength observations of cirrus clouds in the North Celestial Loop: the transition from atomic to molecular gas The transition from atomic to molecular gas
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Acreman D
(2010)
Modelling circumstellar discs with three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Molinari S.
(2010)
Hi-GAL: The Herschel Infrared Galactic Plane Survey
in PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
Russeil D
(2011)
Giving physical significance to the Hi-GAL data: determining the distance of cold dusty cores in the Milky Way
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Koda J
(2009)
DYNAMICALLY DRIVEN EVOLUTION OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IN M51
in The Astrophysical Journal
Bernard J
(2010)
Dust temperature tracing the ISRF intensity in the Galaxy
in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Marois C
(2008)
Direct imaging of multiple planets orbiting the star HR 8799.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Martin P
(2010)
Direct estimate of cirrus noise in Herschel Hi-GAL images
in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Roy A
(2011)
DECONVOLUTION OF IMAGES FROM BLAST 2005: INSIGHT INTO THE K3-50 AND IC 5146 STAR-FORMING REGIONS
in The Astrophysical Journal
Molinari S
(2010)
Clouds, filaments, and protostars: The Herschel Hi-GAL Milky Way
in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Pinte C
(2009)
Benchmark problems for continuum radiative transfer High optical depths, anisotropic scattering, and polarisation
in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mayne N
(2012)
Bayesian fitting of Taurus brown dwarf spectral energy distributions SED fitting
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Haworth T
(2013)
Assessing molecular line diagnostics of triggered star formation using synthetic observations
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Naylor T
(2009)
Are pre-main-sequence stars older than we thought?
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Harries T
(2011)
An algorithm for Monte Carlo time-dependent radiation transfer Time-dependent radiative transfer
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Brunt C
(2010)
A method for reconstructing the variance of a 3D physical field from 2D observations: application to turbulence in the interstellar medium
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Brunt C
(2010)
A method for reconstructing the PDF of a 3D turbulent density field from 2D observations PDF of a 3D density field from 2D observation
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Tanvir NR
(2009)
A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z approximately 8.2.
in Nature
Mottram J
(2012)
A cluster of outflows in the Vulpecula Rift? A cluster of outflows in the Vulpecula Rift
in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Description | This grant funded research into star and planet formation and exoplanets. |
Exploitation Route | Via refereed journal papers. |
Sectors | Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software) |
Description | Findings were published in refereed journal papers. |
First Year Of Impact | 2009 |
Description | Leverhulme Research Project Grant |
Amount | £175,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | The Leverhulme Trust |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2010 |
End | 03/2013 |
Description | STFC Consolidated Grant |
Amount | £1,734,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | ST/J001627/1 |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2012 |
End | 09/2015 |
Description | STFC Standard Grant |
Amount | £295,915 (GBP) |
Organisation | Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2010 |
End | 05/2013 |