STFC Batteries Network+ Phase 3

Lead Research Organisation: University College London
Department Name: Chemical Engineering

Abstract

Electrochemical devices are already part of our day-to-day lives, particularly Li-ion batteries that have transformed modern life through their ubiquitous application in consumer electronics. In the future, these devices will play an increasing role in our lives, from batteries that will power our cars and buses to fuel cells that will provide grid independent electricity. The UK has played a crucial role in the discovery and development of these devices, and through continuing cutting edge research at universities, national labs and companies, remains at the forefront of electrochemical device research.

In order to extend and optimise and the application of these devices in a range of environments, fundamental improvements to our understanding of the fundamental processes occurring in batteries are essential. Large-scale facilities research is essential to achieve this, using a range of techniques at neutron, synchrotron and high performance computing facilities.

Utilising a range of neutron, x-ray or HPC techniques in isolation provides opportunities to improve understanding of batteries - by combining the strengths of world leading practitioners across a range of complementary techniques and facilities we will have a unique opportunity to rapidly advance the field, and thorough our partnerships with industry translate this leading research into commercial reality.

Since 2013, the STFC Global Challenge Network in Batteries and Electrochemical Energy Devices (the Network) has helped to strengthen the UK research community active in this area, seed new research and collaborations, and through its advocacy has promoted the UK as a world leader in this field. We will consolidate this success, to make substantive contributions to electrochemical device research and champion the use of large scale facilities in strategic UK research programmes, including the Faraday Challenge.

This will be achieved through a targeted programme of networking and training events, and small grants.

Planned Impact

This proposal will bring together world leading researchers and industrial partners tackling some of the most important issues in electrochemical energy devices. The impact of the research will be widespread and ultimately lead to the development and proliferation of higher performance devices, this will be achieved through world-class research, dissemination of best practice and defined routes for stakeholder engagement.

In order to maximize the impact of this proposal for members, industry, the wider research community and ultimately society in general, we have defined key goals and enabling activities for dissemination. These include frameworks for stakeholder engagement and a dedicated Co-I to promote and facilitate industrial engagement, IP generation and technology transfer. We have extended the membership of our steering committee to include focal points for engagement with key networks and doctoral training centres, and international institutions as well as theme champions for key techniques. We will continue to champion early career development through schemes including the Early Career Award.

Network goals will be achieved with defined frameworks for:

Promoting industrial engagement
Engaging beneficiaries outside the direct research community
Knowledge Exchange and technique standardisation
Linking to other relevant networks and institutions
Promoting UK science on an international stage
Informing future research funding
Facilitating cross-network collaboration
Enhancing and extending network membership

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description House of Lords Enquiry
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL https://committees.parliament.uk/event/3943/formal-meeting-oral-evidence-session/
 
Description Beam Time Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Beam time workshop @ Harwell
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description COBALT IN EV BATTERIES? The Story of Cobalt & its importance to Batteries & Electric Cars: Fully Charged 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact COBALT IN EV BATTERIES? The Story of Cobalt & its importance to Batteries & Electric Cars
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huYXIXtCsrw
 
Description Contribution to New Scientist 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact New scientist interview on batteries for aeropsace
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Electrify Cuba 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Professors Dan Brett and Paul Shearing run a British Council sponsored workshop on the future of transport in Cuba, hosted at CUJAE Havana, the Cuban technical university. Cuba's ageing transport fleet creates significant issues with urban air quality, whilst availability of gasoline also poses a threat to the sustainability of urban transport. The workshop, held over 3 days, brought together researchers from Cuba's leading universities and research labs to formulate research questions in response to Cuba's sustainable transport challenges, and to explore opportunities in the context of the UK's Global Challenges Research Fund.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.ucl.ac.uk/chemical-engineering/news/2019/dec/eil-electrify-cuba
 
Description Engineering Batteries from the Particle to the Pack 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Keynote E2DT Conference - Milan 2022
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.aidic.it/e2dt/
 
Description Galvani to Gigafactories 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact RIGB public lecture
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70KKvBc70Vw&t=195s
 
Description Imaging and Modelling of Microstructure in Li Batteries 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Artistic EU Modelling Conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.erc-artistic.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/2021/index.html
 
Description London Energy Materials and Devices Hub conference - 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The London Energy Materials and Devices Hub conference was held on 6th June 2019 at UCL, with a drinks reception and networking until 8.30pm. The event was organised and supervised by Dr Rhodri Jervis from UCL and Dr Ana Belen Jorge Sobrido from Queen Mary University, with help of the organising committee: Qian Guo (QMUL), Alexander Dimitrijevic (UCL) and Dr Mo Qiao (ICL).
The event focussed on talks from PDRAs and PhD students from UCL, Imperial College, and Queen Mary University with attendees also from London South Bank University and some visiting academics from Thailand (Prince of Songkla University). The event consisted of 18 talks including two Key Note talks from more established academics: Dr Yang Xu, new lecturer in Electrochemical Energy Storage in the Department of Chemistry at UCL, and Prof. Steve Dunn from London South Bank University. The talks were organised in four distinct sessions: Energy Storage (Chaired by Dr Rhodri Jervis, UCL), Electrocatalysis (Chaired by Dr Maria Crespo, ICL), Fuel Cells and Hybrid Devices (Chaired by Dr Xinhua Liu, ICL) and Photocatalysis and water splitting (Chaired by Dr Ana Belen Jorge Sobrido, QMUL). A good balance between London institutions was obtained, with 5 talks coming from UCL, 7 from Imperial, 5 from QMUL and 1 from London South Bank University.
The event also featured poster presentations that were displayed during the two coffee breaks and lunch break. 15 posters were presented, as well as flash presentations during the conference from the authors to explain their content.
Overall, a wide range of topics and techniques were tackled, from Na-ion and Mg-ion battery technologies, to pyroelectric materials, perovskites, miniature fuel cells and microsuperpactitors, printed materials, thin films and photochemistry, with both experimental and computational points of view. For their outstanding presentations, the prize for the best talk was awarded to Jennifer Hack from UCL on "Miniature fuel cells for in-situ characterisation" and the best poster prize was awarded to Hui Luo from Queen Mary University on "Platinum Deposited Carbon Dots and its Hybridization with TiO2 for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution".
The event was deemed a success by the organisers due to the high attendance, presence of a range of PIs from the universities and the level of discussion after talks and at the end of the event during the networking sessions.
The event was made possible by funding from the Royal Society of Chemistry, Energy and Environment Division, the department of Chemical Engineering at UCL and the STFC Batteries Network, who all provided funds for the catering, poster boards and drinks reception.
A feedback form as well as suggestions for the future editions of the event was circulated after the event, and we hope to expand the scope of the hub for the coming years.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description MRM Japan Conference: Understanding the interplay of electrode microstructure, crystallography and performance using advanced X-ray and correlative imaging methods 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact MRM Conference Japan
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://mrm2021.jmru.org/about
 
Description Multi-Scale Imaging and Modelling to Explore Performance and Degradation of Li Batteries: Nottingham Modelling Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Towards Future Battery Design - Nottingham modelling conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2FNottinghamBatteryWorkshop&...
 
Description Mutliscale Imaging and Modelling to Explore Performance and Degradation in Li Batteries 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Conference talk
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description On in situ neutron and Xray imaging of batteries 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Varta Battery Days Keynote
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.varta-ag.com/en/about-varta/news/details/graz-battery-days-offer-insights-into-the-techn...
 
Description Radio 4 PM Programme 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact interview on radio 4 re batteries
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0013rs2
 
Description STFC Annual Batteries & Electrochemical Energy Devices Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The event featured invited talks from researchers in academia, research facilities and industry on the theme of batteries and other electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies. Previous STFC conferences have been very popular, providing a high quality of talks in a welcoming environment that has seeded many collaborations.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/stfc-annual-batteries-electrochemical-energy-devices-meeting-2022-tic...
 
Description STFC Annual Meeting 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The STFC Annual Conference at The Royal Institution was held in Dec 2019
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description STFC Annual Meeting 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Two day meeting held at STFC Cosener's House in Oxfordshire. Talks and discussions by leading scientists in academia, national labs and industry. Networking opportunities during the dinner and reception.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/stfc-annual-meeting-2019
 
Description STFC Early Career Researcher Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The STFC ECRC is a forum for early career researchers
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description STFC Early Careers Researchers Conference 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Two day conference, held at STFC Cosener's House in Oxfordshire, targeted at PhD students,PDRAs and early career academics. There were 4 keynote speakers, and the other talks were given by early career researchers after submitting abstracts. There was a poster session too, as well as an industry networking session. There was also the opportunity for networking at the dinner and reception.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2019/3/18/early-career-researchers-conference-2019-mr3rg-dkgkb
 
Description School Visit (Shropshire) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Meole Brace School Inspiration Talk
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.meolebrace.com/
 
Description Synergistic imaging of battery materials using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray microscopy: Seminar Oslo University 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Seminar at Oslo University
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeiss.no%2Fmicroscopy%2Flocal-...
 
Description The Periodic Maze - educational escape-room style activity for children and adults 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Dr Claire Murray and Dr Matt Dunstan developed an activity named the Periodic Maze, an educational escape-room style activity for children and adults ages 8 and up. Participants are given a series of puzzles related to the work of a mystery scientist, and through understanding the links between their work and the elements of the periodic table, they can uncover the scientist's identity.

They performed the activity at Dublin Makerfest in July 2019, where they had approximately 150 people participate in the activity, including young children. They wanted to highlight the work of Dr Helen Magaw, as an unknown Irish female crystallographer whose work is not known widely amongst the public.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description The Role of X-Ray Imaging in Understanding Performance, Degradation and Safety of Li Batteries: Georgia Tech Seminar 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Seminar at Georgia Tech
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description The Role of X-Ray Imaging in Understanding Performance, Degradation and Safety of Li Batteries: JCESR Seminar 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact JCESR Seminar
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description UCL Fake Britain TV interview 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Shearing appearance on popular BBC programme to discuss battery safety
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011f8m5
 
Description Understanding battery materials using correlative methods 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact OBattery 2022 Conference Keynote
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://obattery.sciencesconf.org/
 
Description Understanding the interplay of electrode microstructure, crystallography and performance using advanced X-ray and correlative imaging methods: MRS 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk at MRS 2021
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.mrs.org/meetings-events/fall-meetings-exhibits/2021-mrs-fall-meeting
 
Description Webinar - Electrochemistry: an underpinning science with important practical applications - by Gareth Hinds 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Electrochemistry is the science of the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. It dates from the late 18th century from the pioneering work of Galvani and Volta and underpins a host of technological applications including batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis, corrosion protection, electroplating, metal refining, biosensors and chemical analysis. Despite its huge practical significance the subject continues to be under-represented in university teaching and tends to fall between the cracks of chemistry, electrical engineering and materials science. This looks set to change now that electrochemical technologies are paving the way for large scale storage and use of renewable energy in the battle against climate change and air pollution.

In this talk I will try to give you a flavour of what is involved with a career in electrochemical research at NPL, where the focus is on the application of fundamental science to real world engineering problems. I will take you through the journey from postdoctoral fellow studying electroplating to a career at NPL working on corrosion, fuel cells, electrolysers and batteries. Examples of the translation of this research to industrial application will be highlighted, with an emphasis on the impact on economic prosperity and quality of life. Finally, I will give my thoughts on future trends and what needs to be done to support UK government priorities going forward.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/6/12-webinar-gareth-hinds
 
Description Webinar - From Pigments to Batteries - by Emma Kendrick 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Here I will introduce how I moved from pigment related research to fuel cells and then batteries and how the a functional ceramic can be used in many different types of applications. Although very dissimilar in application, the requirement to understand the structure-property relationships and the stability within a composite is not so very different. I will talk a little about how I moved from a pigment to a battery scientist, and then focus more on the recent work we have been doing on optimisation of sodium-ion battery technologies. Recent work looks at some of the manufacturing questions around sodium compared to lithium, and in particular optimisation of the life-time through electrode, electrolyte and formation methods.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/10/23-webinar-emma-kendrick
 
Description Webinar - Looking below the surface: Probing battery interfaces in action - by Robert Weatherup 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Understanding the chemical reactions that occur at electrochemical interfaces is critical to selecting and designing improved materials for energy storage, corrosion prevention, and chemical synthesis. Soft X-ray spectroscopies can provide powerful element- and chemical-state-specific information with the required nanometer-scale interface sensitivity, but have traditionally required high vacuum conditions, impeding studies of interfaces under realistic liquid environments. I will introduce several membrane-based approaches we have developed over recent years to bridge this pressure gap, enabling operando x-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy (XPS/XAS) of solid-liquid interfaces. These rely on reaction environments sealed with X-ray/electron-transparent membranes, that can sustain large pressure drops to the high-vacuum measurement chamber. I will show how these membrane-based approaches can be applied to study the chemical evolution of electrode-electrolyte interfaces including solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. I will also give a perspective on future directions that will enable these techniques to be extended to ever more realistic materials systems and operating conditions.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/11/6-webinar-rob-weatherup
 
Description Webinar - Pores for thought: Designing electrode microstructures using machine learning (and reflections on my early career) - by Sam Cooper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: In this talk I aim to give an honest description of my (short) career journey to date and share my thoughts on what the best uses of my time as an early career researcher were. I'll explain why I focused on the topics I did and how I got involved in various project along the way. Finally, I'll be showcasing some of the recent work from my phenomenal team in the Dyson School, including solid-solid interfaces, electrode microstructural design and, most recently, machine learning.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/5/15/webinar-sam-cooper
 
Description Webinar - Towards a more sustainable energy materials future - by Magdalena Titirici 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Advanced materials are 17% of UK GDP with a £170 billion annual turnover. However, the way UK currently sources and processes advanced materials is based on unsustainable practices. It includes the use of fossil fuel precursors emitting around 47% of the total CO2 in the UK, along with scarce and geologically hindered raw materials. It was estimated that roughly 50% of the global CO2emissions come from resource extractions while being also responsible for 80% global biodiversity loss according to the UN. Renewable bio-based resources processed into functional materials for modern technology-dependent economy will offer the much-needed transition to a sustainable society. This will lower CO2 emissions, helping UK to reach the targeted zero emissions by 2050 while generating high value advanced materials and boosting high-performance technologies.

Materials sustainability is particularly important when building future energy storage and conversion technologies. Such energy technologies are crucial to ensure the transition towards a zero emissions society but are relying heavily on materials. We must therefore address the fine balance between the development of emerging energy technologies and the materials we use to build them. Today, scarce metals are the most important components of energy storage and conversion systems. Cobalt and graphite are in the cathodes and anodes of Li-ion batteries. With the accelerated development of Li-ion battery technologies, there is a huge demand not only for Cobalt and graphite but also for Li itself, which is geographically confined to Bolivia Chile and Argentina. Hence, we need innovative energy storage technologies beyond Li. Iridium and Platinum are the catalysts of choice for H2 production from water and its utilization in fuel cells to generate clean electricity. The current available supply for these metals cannot sustain the expansion of such technologies at a global scale. We need alternative electrocatalysts and sources for H2 production and H2 use in fuel cells. Gallium, Tellurium, Indium are used in solar cells and photocatalytic systems for solar fuel production. These materials are scarce, and alternatives must be sought for the next generation of solar panels and photocatalytic systems.

In this talk I will present some of our innovations in the design of sustainable materials to be efficiently utilized in energy storage and conversion technologies. Examples will range from efficient and sustainable batteries beyond Li to alternative catalysts to Pt for fuel cell's cathodes as well as alternative biowaste sources to water for the production of affordable and clean H2. A new family of photoactive nanomaterials made from biomass, i.e carbon dots, will also be discussed for potential use in solar H2 production.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/5/29-webinar-magda-titirici
 
Description Webinar - Understanding the limitations of fast charging Li-ion batteries - by Donal Finegan 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Fast charging lithium ion batteries are critical for enabling electric vehicles that can charge in competitive times with refuelling combustion engine vehicles. When choosing a battery, one faces a tri-lemma of energy-density, power-density, and lifetime, where choosing two often sacrifices the third. Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles, where high-energy density is critical for range, suffer accelerated capacity fade when charged quickly. In this talk, experiments that focus on diagnosing multi-scale transport limitations in both the positive and negative electrodes will be discussed. High-speed depth profiling X-ray diffraction applied for quantifying dynamic lithium concentration gradients in graphite electrodes during fast charging reveal severe electrode-scale transport limitations, while the occurrence of unfavourable Li plating on the graphite demonstrates solid-state transport limitations on the particle scale. Important features to consider for modelling multi-scale transport limitations will be highlighted, including complexities of sub-particle architectures. Laboratory-based techniques to map sub-particle architectures for image-based simulation will also be covered.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/8/21-webinar-donal-finegan
 
Description Webinar - Unravelling Materials Chemistry and Catalysis: My Research Journey using Synchrotron Light - by Rosa Arrigo 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: The challenge of realizing a technological breakthrough in modern industrial chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis is often related to the design of materials with optimized structural and compositional characteristic to maximize efficiency, selectivity and stability for a given reaction. The phenomenology of high-performance catalysts is often rationalized by drawing parallels between the structure of the catalyst and its catalytic function. This can be done, for instance, by evaluating the performance of catalysts with precisely tuned structural and morphological features (size, shape, phase). In the last two decades, a molecular level understanding of the interfacial chemistry involved, with focus on conditions in which catalytic activity is manifested and lost, has become very popular as a rational approach towards the design of functional materials. With the advent of even more sophisticated in situ suites for materials characterization at large-scale users' facilities, this research line is now more accessible to the broader scientific community and together with computational approaches has made significant contributions to the current scientific landscape. [1]

I became fascinated by this research line very early in my career and made it my primary scientific focus. Due to its multidisciplinary character, this research required me to develop skills and expertise across several disciplines (physics, chemistry, engineering) in different research environments also on an international level. In this talk, I will narrate my experience as scientist and synchrotron user presenting examples of projects, [2-4] in which the detailed multi-technique characterization of catalytic materials afforded a deeper understanding of the catalytic reactivity of materials of relevance in green chemistry and energy. I will also discuss challenges and limitations.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/7/24-webinar-rosa-arrigo
 
Description Webinar - Using neutron to characterise energy materials - by Martin Owen Jones 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: The ISIS neutron spallation facility is a world-leading center for neutron scattering. The technique is applicable to a great diversity of subjects spanning condensed matter physics, engineering, materials science, chemistry and soft matter. ISIS has a formidable selection of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering instruments to study the physical properties solids and liquids by a number of techniques that include diffraction, total scattering and molecular spectroscopy. In addition, complex sample environment apparatus may be utilized with these instruments that allows materials to be studied under controlled gas environments as a function of temperature, pressure and gas flow. Here we discuss the application of these instruments and various sample environments to materials challenges within the field of energy materials, describe some recent experiments and highlight the capabilities of the ISIS facility in tackling energy materials challenges.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/7/10-webinar-martin-owen-jones
 
Description Webinar -X-ray Tomography as a Tool for Characterisation of Redox Flow Battery Electrodes - by Rhodri Jervis 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Abstract: Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are seen as a promising technology for grid-scale storage given their rapid reversibility and separation of power and energy capacities, the latter being dependent purely on the volume of electrolyte utilised in the device. Most RFBs employ carbon fibre based electrodes that act as both the reaction surface for redox half-reactions and the diffusion medium through which the electrolyte is flowed. Understanding of the microstructure of the carbon electrodes is therefore vital in order to understand how the batteries behave under different conditions.

Recently, the potential of X-ray imaging as a diagnostic tool for the performance of carbon felts has been demonstrated, and the use of structural information obtained from X-ray computed tomography (CT) in modelling of the pressure drop at varied compression has been explored. X-ray CT has also recently been used in the characterisation and modelling of electrospun fibrous mats with fibre sizes much smaller than those used in commercially available carbon felts.

In this talk I will discuss the use of in situ X-ray CT for the determination of various parameters such as porosity, tortuosity factor and pore size distribution of flow battery materials. In addition, the Lattice Boltzmann method is applied to structures obtained from X-ray CT of electrospun carbon fibre mats in order to understand the fluid flow properties of the electrode materials from their microstructure.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.stfcbatteries.org/events/2020/6/26-webinar-rhod-jervis