UK Involvement in LSST: Phase B

Lead Research Organisation: University of Hertfordshire
Department Name: School of Physics, Astronomy and Maths

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Planned Impact

Support for UK involvement in LSST, through funding the LSST:UK Science Centre (LUSC),
can generate societal and economic impact under the following five headings:

1. Enhancing the research capacity, knowledge and skills of enterprises working on "Big
Data" issues being incubated within the Higgs Centre for Innovation.
The Phase B LUSC Data Access Centre workpackage is co-located on the Royal Observatory
Edinburgh campus with the Higgs Centre for Innovation, which is being funded to improve
interaction between academia and industry in Space and Big Data, and to enhance
economic impact in those two domains. We shall exploit that co-location to ensure that Big
Data innovations within the LSST project in the US filter through to UK SMEs and that the
challenging requirements of LSST inspire the development of novel Big Data techniques
and technologies within the UK, as has been the case in the US.

2. Increasing public engagement with research through Citizen Science initiatives.
The LSST:UK Consortium will develop a Citizen Science platform based on the pioneering
Zooniverse project, which currently has more than one million users doing real science
online. Computational advances between now and the start of LSST operations will enable
Citizen Science activities that greatly exceed what is currently possible, and perhaps most
exciting is the prospect of involving Citizen Scientists in the classification of the million or
more transient alerts that LSST will generate per night, placing the public at the heart of
LSST's pioneering exploration of time-domain astronomy.

3. Enhancing cultural enrichment and quality of life through education & outreach activities.
The LSST:UK Consortium institutions have a wealth of experience in education and public
outreach (EPO) activities, from running Open Days and exhibitions to CPD courses for
school teachers to Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs). During Phase B we will develop
an EPO programme, in conjunction with the very active LSST EPO team in the US.

4. Enhancing the research capacity, knowledge and skills of organisations through the
employment of researchers with high-level expertise derived from working on LSST.
Over the 18-year lifetime of the LUSC programme, many students (e.g. from the STFC dataintensive
science CDTs) and postdocs who have developed high-level expertise from
working on LSST will pass from astronomy to the commercial sector, taking their valuable
knowledge and skills with them. Particularly valuable will be the computational and
statistical skills that will be readily applicable to the Big Data challenges prevalent in the
public and private sector, and the expertise in thick CCDs developed through UK
involvement in the LSST camera team.

5. Wealth creation, through the placing of construction contracts with UK companies.
The detector characterisation work started during LUSC Phase A, and proposed for
continuation during Phase B, has included liaison with a UK company that has now signed a
large contract to supply roughly half of the LSST detectors.

Publications

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Beckmann R (2023) Population statistics of intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies using the newhorizon simulation in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Davis F (2022) Radio AGN in nearby dwarf galaxies: the important role of AGN in dwarf galaxy evolution in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Jackson R (2021) The origin of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the dwarf regime in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Jackson R (2022) Extremely massive disc galaxies in the nearby Universe form through gas-rich minor mergers in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Martin G (2021) The role of mergers and interactions in driving the evolution of dwarf galaxies over cosmic time in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Pichon C (2020) Why do extremely massive disc galaxies exist today? in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Watkins A (2023) A possible signature of the influence of tidal perturbations in dwarf galaxy scaling relations in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

 
Description UK involvement in LSST: Phase C (Herts component)
Amount £414,347 (GBP)
Funding ID ST/X001318/1 
Organisation Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 03/2023 
End 03/2027
 
Title Low surface brightness sky subtraction 
Description We are developing sky subtraction algorithms that preserve faint flux in deep survey images like those in the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) from the Rubin Observatory. 
Type Of Material Data analysis technique 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact These algorithms will be transformative for LSST and enable it to fulfil its scientific potential as the premier discovery machine in the low surface brightness regime. 
 
Description Collaboration with LSST Data Management Team on low-surface-brightness science pipelines 
Organisation Princeton University
Country United States 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We are collaborating with the LSST Data Management team (principally Lee Kelvin, Robert Lupton and Yusra Al-Sayyad at Princeton) to develop pipelines for low-surface-brightness (LSB) science for LSST. The default pipelines produced by the Data Management team are not optimised for low-surface-brightness science, which represents a significant discovery space for LSST. Probing this space therefore requires developing bespoke pipelines that preserve LSB structures in the LSST images. Our team will develop these pipelines in collaboration with the Data Management Team, who will help us with incorporating our code into the LSST software stack and performing tests of the software using the HSC and LSST commissioning surveys.
Collaborator Contribution Robert Lupton and Yusra Al-Sayyad are acting as consultants on this project. Their team will help us incorporate the software we will produce into the LSST software stack. Since their team is also reducing the HSC survey (which is the precursor to LSST) they will provide assistance in testing our pipeline software using HSC data before the main LSST survey starts.
Impact LSST:UK deliverables D3.7.1 30 Nov 2020 Report on optimal metrics for preserving low-surface-brightness flux at different spatial scales https://lsst-uk.atlassian.net/wiki/download/attachments/1146928/LUSC-B-10-D3.7.1-OptimalMetrics-LSB.pdf?api=v2 D3.7.2 28 Feb 2021 Report on mock testing results - quantification of depth improvements made over existing datasets https://lsst-uk.atlassian.net/wiki/download/attachments/1146928/LUSC-B-14-D3.7.2-MockTesting.pdf?api=v2 D3.7.3 31 Aug 2021 Software to output metrics that keep track of improvements to the pipeline sky subtraction https://lsst-uk.atlassian.net/wiki/download/attachments/1146928/LUSC-B19-D3.7.3-Improvement-Metrics-Software.pdf?api=v2
Start Year 2020
 
Title Software to do photometry on model galaxies and output sky-subtraction metrics in the LSST pipeline 
Description # sky-estimation-WP3.7/measureMetrics Repository for software used to do photometry on model images and output sky subtraction metrics. ## PYTHON CODE \_\_init\_\_.py : blank file to turn directory into Python module image_retrieval.py : functions for retrieving image cutouts at specific coordinates using the Butler plot_metrics.py : functions for reading in and parsing photometry output tables and measuring/plotting metrics surface_photometry.py : functions for doing surface photometry on images utility.py : miscellaneous useful functions ## JUPYTER NOTEBOOKS CataloguePhotometry.ipynb : demonstration of how to make photometry pickle tables for the full catalogues Overview.ipynb : broad overview of injected models and analysis thereof ## TABLES mags*.p : output from CataloguePhotometry.ipynb, photometry tables of models pre-sky-subtraction coadd_mags*.p : output from CataloguePhotometry.ipynb, photometry tables of models post-sky-subtraction lsstuk_icl_dwarfs.fits : table of parameters for the ICL + New Horizon dwarf model input catalogue lsstuk_lsb_sersic.fits : table of parameters for the single-Sersic profile model input catalogue 
Type Of Technology Software 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact This software has enabled us to quantify oversubtraction of low-surface-brightness structures in the LSST pipeline. 
URL https://github.com/lsst-uk/sky-estimation-WP3.7/commit/4092ae6285051f2a1e54a63c09057ddd7703ad3a
 
Description Exploring alternative sky-subtraction algorithms for the LSST pipeline 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk in the session 'Low Surface Brightness Science with Rubin: Unlocking LSST's Discovery Domain' at the Rubin Project and Community Workshop given by Aaron Watkins.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Low Surface Brightness Science, Session at the LSST Project and Community Workshop 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Low Surface Brightness Science, Session at the LSST Project and Community Workshop 2020
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Talk at Symposium 12 at the EAS meeting 2021: Renaissance of the Low Surface Brightness Universe 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited talk by team member Dr Aaron Watkins.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://herts365-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/aw21abf_herts_ac_uk/EftaGkhTTm5EpCuUp_DxB58BQDKk4g...
 
Description Talk in session 'Low Surface Brightness Astronomy with LSST' at the Rubin Project and Community Workshop 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk by team member Dr Aaron Watkins.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://project.lsst.org/meetings/rubin2021/sites/lsst.org.meetings.rubin2021/files/watkins_pcw2021....
 
Description The low surface brightness Universe as seen by LSST 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a wide-field, ground-based observatory designed to image a substantial fraction of the southern hemisphere in six optical bands every few nights. The observatory will operate for at least a decade, allowing stacked images to detect light down to very faint surface brightnesses.

Low surface brightness astronomy is a key area of research that will be uniquely expanded upon by LSST's combination of depth and area. For instance, galaxy clusters contain vast numbers of stars in diffuse light between the galaxies. The definitive LSST sample can capture enough of these systems to quantify the amount and spatial extent of this intracluster light in a more systematic fashion than ever previously possible. We will be able to characterize the stellar halos that surround nearby galaxies and unveil structures therein, such as tidal features and density inhomogeneities produced by galaxy mergers and interactions. These features, originated from the hierarchical formation processes, will provide critical clues to the formation history on a galaxy-by-galaxy basis. LSST will also enable the most complete census of low surface brightness or ultra-diffuse galaxies to date.

In order to best detect and analyse the low surface brightness light in LSST there are a number of key preparatory tasks, specified in the published LSST Galaxy Roadmap. These are not part of the funded LSST infrastructure effort and need to be undertaken by Science Collaborations. LSST commissioning will start in 2020 and so this is the ideal time to ramp up the Science Collaboration's contribution.

In this workshop we discussed the efforts made towards these preparatory tasks, discuss strategies adopted on common problems and determine what tasks still need to be done and who will undertake those, to ensure that the team are prepared for data arriving from 2022 onwards.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020