BAS Atmosphere, Ice and Climate
Lead Research Organisation:
NERC British Antarctic Survey
Department Name: UNLISTED
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Publications
Adam O
(2018)
The TropD software package (v1): standardized methods for calculating tropical-width diagnostics
in Geoscientific Model Development
Al-Shalan A
(2022)
Methane emissions in Kuwait: Plume identification, isotopic characterisation and inventory verification
in Atmospheric Environment
Alexander S
(2017)
Observations and fine-scale model simulations of gravity waves over Davis, East Antarctica (69°S, 78°E)
in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Amos M
(2020)
Projecting ozone hole recovery using an ensemble of chemistry-climate models weighted by model performance and independence
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Andersson TR
(2021)
Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning.
in Nature communications
Angot H
(2016)
Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury in polar regions: review of recent measurements and comparison with models
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Angus M
(2024)
A comparison of two statistical postprocessing methods for heavy-precipitation forecasts over India during the summer monsoon
in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Audouard J
(2017)
A complete CO2 ice clouds model for GCMs and mesoscale models
| Description | Key finding (1) Evidence, from studies at Halley's Clean Air Sector Laboratory, for air/snow exchange of long-lived nitrogen compounds during the winter. A study, using measurements gained during an overwinter experiment, showed that both nitric acid and peroxynitric acid exchanged actively between the snowpack and the overlying atmosphere even during the extended darkness of Antarctic winter. The exchange was driven by changes in temperature, and were consistent with an adsorption/desorption process. This process will be active also during sunlit periods, but would be much harder to detect given the additional processes driven by photochemistry. Currently physical exchange mechanisms are ignored in numerical modelling studies, but the study shows that they ought to be included. The study was also a clear exemplar of the potential advantages for certain research experiments to be carried out during Antarctic winter darkness. Key finding (2) Large fluxes of nitrogen oxides from Antarctic snowpack in summer. A BAS-led paper has been published arising from BAS's contribution to the OPALE project, an international measurement campaign carried out at Dome C, in inland East Antarctica. The study reports surprisingly large concentrations and flux of atmospheric nitrogen oxides at Dome C, and it was found that the surface snow holds a significant reservoir of photochemically-produced NOx and is a sink of gas-phase ozone. Main drivers of NOx snow emissions were large snow nitrate concentrations, with contributions of increased UV arising from decreases in stratospheric ozone. Observed halogen and hydroxyl radical concentrations were too low to explain large NO2:NO ratios. The paper was published in 'Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics', a widely read atmospheric science journal with high impact (IF 5-year 5.5). The main findings have significant impact on our understanding of trace gas emissions by polar snow packs, in particular on model predictions of ground-level ozone above snow. Major contributions to 6 co-authored papers were also made, giving BAS a high-profile role within the OPALE consortium project. Key finding (3): Atmospheric controls on Antarctic coastal polynyas. Coastal polynyas are regions of perennially-open water adjacent to the coast in the sea-ice zone. They are important sites for intense atmosphere-ocean interaction and sea ice formation. Analysis of aircraft observations collected during the 2010 JASPER campaign over the Larsen and Ronne polynyas has revealed significant differences in the rate of sea ice production in these polynyas. The differences are due to contrasting meteorological forcing and to varying amounts of nilas (young ice) cover within the polynyas. Key finding (4) Explaining the increase in the extent of Antarctic sea ice over recent decades. In contrast to the Arctic, the extent of sea ice around the Antarctic continent has increased at a statistically significant rate since the late 1970s, with the greatest increase having been in the Ross Sea sector. The sea ice extent here is strongly linked to the southerly flow on the western side of the Amundsen Sea Low. Using data from the control and historical runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 we showed that the recent changes in the southerly winds over the Ross Sea and the depth of the Amundsen Sea Low were within the bounds of model intrinsic variability, suggesting that recent sea ice trends may largely result from intrinsic natural variability rather than forced climate change. Key finding (5) The future of the Amundsen Sea Low The Amundsen Sea Low plays an extremely important role in modulating the climate of West Antarctica, and can therefore influence ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. We assessed the impact of the future recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and increase of greenhouse gases on the Amundsen Sea Low and found that it will likely migrate poleward in summer and autumn, and eastwards in autumn and winter by the end of this century. Key finding (6) Aerosol particles play a number of roles in the atmosphere, including having an important influence on Earths' radiative balance. Previous model results and mid-latitude observations have shown that iodine compounds may be responsible for an increase in number concentrations of small particles. A study using data from Halley's Clean Air Sector Laboratory, found evidence that iodine generated within the Antarctic sea ice zone is also associated with new particles. The study concluded that new particles formed from iodine compounds can last long enough to grow to the larger particles that contribute to cloud condensation nuclei. This finding suggests significant potential for climate feedback near the sea ice zone via the aerosol indirect effect. Key finding (7) The submillimetre is an understudied region of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic spectrum. Prior technological gaps and relatively high opacity due to the prevalence of rotational water vapour lines at these wavelengths have slowed progress from a ground-based remote sensing perspective. However, emerging superconducting detector technologies in the fields of astronomy offer the potential to address key atmospheric science challenges with new instrumental methods. A site study, with a focus on the polar regions, was performed to assess theoretical feasibility of using this new technology for atmospheric observations of 4 trace gases. The method showed interesting promise and provided a framework that could be applied to additional species of interest and taken forward to guide the design of future submillimetre instruments. Key finding (8) A study of surface ozone at specific sites in Antarctica was carried out as part of an international collaboration. Results highlight the very different regimes controlling surface ozone at coastal sites, such as Halley, and inland sites, such as Dome Concordia and South Pole. An apparent decreasing trend in surface ozone at the inland sites could be evidence of reduced in situ production, as the stratospheric ozone layer recovers, thereby reducing levels of uv radiation driving photolysis of nitrate in snow. Key finding (9) Between the 1950s and the mid 1990s, the Antarctic Peninsula was one of the most rapidly warming regions of the planet. Analysis of the most recent records from this region indicates a recent pause in this warming, with a reversal to a regional cooling trend between 1998 and the present. Long control runs of global climate models and century-scale proxy climate records from ice cores indicate that the Antarctic Peninsula region is characterised by extreme natural (internal) climate variability on timescales from interannual to interdecadal. The recent change from regional warming to regional cooling is not unprecedented within this observed natural variability. Key finding (10) -Deep depressions over the Southern Ocean linked to record Antarctic sea ice retreat in 2016 During the Austral spring of 2016 the extent of Antarctic sea ice decreased at a record rate of 75,000 square km per day, which was 46% faster than the mean rate and 18% faster than in any previous spring season during the satellite era. Rapid sea ice retreat occurred in all sectors of the Antarctic, but the greatest ice loss was in the Weddell and Ross Seas. The background to this event was investigated using atmospheric analyses and daily fields of sea ice concentration from passive microwave satellite instruments. The very rapid early melt season ice retreat coincided with a series of record atmospheric circulation anomalies over the 3 months. In September, a record deep Amundsen Sea Low gave greater sea ice retreat than usual in the Amundsen - Bellingshausen Sea and the Weddell Sea sectors. In October amplified planetary waves and strong meridional flow led to a large poleward heat flux contributing to greater ice retreat in the Ross Sea and Indian Ocean sectors. The most anomalous retreat took place in November, when ice loss in the Weddell Sea sector was double the climatological retreat and the Southern Annular Mode at its most negative for that month since 1968. Climate models project Antarctic sea ice extent to decrease by around one third by the end of this century if greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase, but it is still too early to clearly identify the degree to which a longer-term background signal associated with increasing greenhouse gases is contributing to observed regional trends and specific events such as the marked springtime sea ice decrease in 2016. Key finding (11) - Carbonaceous aerosol is widely measured in Antarctica using a robust filter-based technique. There are numerous datasets arising, and on-going measurement programmes, to inform on trends of biomass burning at lower latitudes. Concerns have been mooted over possible interferents with this method that would skew the data and bias any calculated trends. The key likely interferent is sea salt aerosol, which is generated from saline blowing snow. A study has shown that episodes of blowing snow often coincide with transport of carbonaceous aerosol from lower latitudes; i.e. sea salt aerosol is likely to be present. If it is indeed acting as an interferent in the measurements, it will be necessary to carefully filter returned data in order to derive meaningful trends. Key finding (12) - the sea ice zone in Antarctica is an important source of halogens, such as bromine compounds. The role they play in atmospheric chemistry composition can be closely studied at Halley research station, where switches between the two dominant wind directions delivers air that is either rich in bromine compounds, or has very little. By studying these contrasting air masses, we have demonstrated the key role that bromine compounds play in controlling the oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere during Antarctic spring. This is important to understand because the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere is instrumental in removing pollutants. Especially in the Arctic, sea ice extend and characteristics are changing, and these are likely to affect the oxidative capacity in a region of the world that is becoming more industrialised. Key finding (13) - Extreme snowfall events in the Antarctic The Antarctic ice sheet contains 90% of the world's ice and even small additions or losses to the ice sheet will have implications for global sea level and coastal communities. The mass of the ice sheet is constantly changing because of the ice gained by snowfall and the loss of ice at the margins via iceberg calving and melt through contact with relatively warm water masses. The primary input to the ice sheet is precipitation, which can occur as a near-continuous fallout of ice crystals known as diamond dust or clear sky precipitation, and more significant snowfalls associated with storms over the Southern Ocean or the Antarctic coastal region. We have investigated the importance of different types of precipitation event using the output of the Dutch RACMO2 atmosphere-only model, which was run for the period 1979 - 2016. We found that extreme precipitation events (EPEs), taken as the largest 10% of daily totals, contributed more than 40% of the total annual precipitation across much of the continent, with some areas receiving in excess of 60% of the total from these events. These EPEs were usually associated with deep storms over the Southern Ocean that advected relatively warm and moist airmasses over the continent. The greatest contribution of EPEs to the annual Total precipitation is in the coastal areas and especially on the ice shelves, with the Amery Ice Shelf receiving 50% of its annual precipitation in less than the 10 days of heaviest precipitation. EPEs are the main factor controlling the year-to-year variability of precipitation across the Antarctic. For the continent as a whole, 70% of the variance of the annual precipitation is explained by variability in precipitation from EPEs, with this figure rising to over 90% in some areas. Our results have implications for the reconstruction of past climate records using data from ice cores and the selection of future ice core drilling sites. Key finding (14) - European wind energy generation potential in a 1.5° C world In a world of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations there is an urgent need to exploit non-carbon based means of generating energy. Such an energy source is wind power from turbines located on land or ocean areas, but the amount of power that can be generated is very dependent on the wind speed, which is highly variable across Europe. A study was therefore carried out by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey, the University of Oxford and the University of Bristol into how wind-generated energy could change in the future in a world where global temperature reached 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels. Key finding (15) - Extreme precipitation events in Antarctica dominate snowfall variability. The Antarctic ice sheet is extremely important because of its possible contribution to sea level rise and through the climate records than can be reconstructed using chemical signals locked in the ice. The mass of the ice sheet is constantly changing because of the ice gained by snowfall and the loss of ice at the margins via iceberg calving and melt through contact with relatively warm water masses. The amount of snow falling on the Antarctic is highly variable and dependent on the meteorological conditions over the Southern Ocean and the penetration of marine air into the interior. We show that extreme snowfall events, defined at the heaviest 10% of daily precipitation amounts, contribute a high percentage of the annual snowfall and are the main factor controlling the year-to-year variability of snowfall across the continent. This has implications for the reconstruction of past climate records using data from ice cores and the selection of future ice core drilling sites. Key finding (16) - Antarctic temperature variability and change discerned from station data. Many staffed meteorological observation station records over Antarctica now extend back 60 years or more, allowing decadal time scale variability and change to be investigated. In this research an up-to-date assessment of the temperature variability and trends at the 17 stations with long records is presented and with an analysis of the relationships of the temperatures to the atmospheric circulation, sea ice extent, the major modes of climate variability and tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Key findings in the new analysis are: (i) The large year-to-year temperature variability on the western Antarctic Peninsula has decreased over the instrumental period as sea ice has declined. (ii) Variability in the circumpolar westerly winds (quantified by a Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index) exerts the greatest control on Antarctic temperatures, although tropical Pacific SST forcing has also played a large part. (iii) Thirteen of the 17 stations have experienced a positive trend in their annual mean temperature over the full length of their record, with the largest being at Vernadsky (formerly Faraday) (0.46° ± 0.15°C dec-1) on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula. (iv) Beyond the Antarctic Peninsula there has been little significant change in temperature. The two plateau stations had a small cooling from the late 1970s to the late 1990s consistent with the SAM index becoming positive, but have subsequently warmed. During spring there has been an Antarctic-wide warming, with all but one station having experienced an increase in temperature, although the only trends that were significant were at Vostok, Scott base, Vernadsky and Amundsen-Scott. In this season, much of the Peninsula/West Antarctic warming can be attributed to tropical Pacific forcing. Key finding (17) - Analysis of UK wind energy potential using novel numerical methods. The study used data from 282 onshore wind turbines collected over 11 years and output from climate models that formed part of the HAPPI (Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts) project. The research suggest that wind could be a more important source of energy generation than previously thought, with stronger winds being predicted across the UK. The research team concluded there could be a 10% increase in UK onshore wind energy generation, which would be sufficient to power the equivalent of an extra 700,000 homes every year based on current installed capacity. The results are relevant for decisions about future investment in onshore wind farms. Key finding (18) - Autonomous, high temporal-resolution observations of greenhouse gases in Antarctica Due to the closure of Halley station during the Antarctic winter, it has been necessary to find alternative ways to deliver our record of high temporal resolution greenhouse gas observations. The method developed is to automate a standard greenhouse gas analyser, and ensure delivery of the suite of calibration and target gases using bespoke software. By building and installing the system, we will enable continued capture of both methane and carbon dioxide at the Halley Clean Air Sector Laboratory. The system can potentially also be installed at other remote locations. Key finding (19) - The first Antarctic-wide analysis of extreme near-surface air temperatures A BAS-led paper has been published which is the first to provide an Antarctic-wide picture of extremes in near-surface temperature. The paper used data from 17 meteorological observing stations over the Antarctic continent and sub-Antarctic islands. Major findings were: • The five stations over the Peninsula show a statistically significant increase in the number of high extremes in the late-twentieth century parts of the their records, although the number of extremes has decreased in subsequent years. • The majority of record high temperatures were recorded after the passage of air masses over high elevation regions, with the air being warmed by the foehn effect. • At some stations in coastal East Antarctica the highest temperatures were recorded after air descended from the Antarctic plateau. • Record low temperatures at the Antarctic Peninsula stations were observed during winters with positive sea ice anomalies over the Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas. Key finding (20) - Major improvement in representation of the southern circumpolar westerlies in the latest generation of climate models Computer models that simulate the position, strength, and spatio-temporal behaviour of winds in the Southern Hemisphere around the continent of Antarctica often show typical errors when compared to reality. This can impact answers to very relevant questions, such as how much heat and carbon are taken up by the ocean or how the sea ice cover will evolve in the future. In a recent paper led from the Atmosphere, Ice and Climate Team, the authors documented how the newly available next generation of global climate models, that form the basis for the next Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), perform with respect to observed Southern Hemisphere winds. They also analyzed potential improvements compared to the previous generation of computer models. Overall, some important differences to observations (biases) were much smaller than in the previous models (by up to 50%). Other diagnostics were, however, virtually unchanged, which indicated that the improvements were rather limited between model generations. However, the study could help to identify possible reasons for the remaining biases and to further reduce errors in upcoming models. Key finding (21) Shipborne observations and sampling of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol Observations of the composition of the remote troposphere above polar oceans and sea ice are extremely scarce but fundamental for model improvement to better forecast air quality and chemistry-climate feedbacks in the polar regions under current climate change scenarios. A mobile Atmospheric Container Laboratory has been designed and built to be deployed on research vessels to carry out such measurements under the harsh polar conditions and allowing the use of sensitive and complex laboratory instrument such as mass spectrometers. The first deployment of the Atmospheric Container Laboratory during the year-long ice drift expedition MOSAiC yielded i) first winter/spring on-line measurements of ice nucleating particles (INP) above Central Arctic sea ice using a Spectrometer for IN (SPIN), and ii) year-round sampling of aerosol for major ion and INP content using a manual high-volume filter sampler and an automated low-volume filter sampler. The data sets are currently being worked on. The Atmospheric Container Laboratory is now being upgraded with an AC system to control room temperature. Available space in the Atmospheric Container Laboratory is typically used to host guest instruments, making this a very useful asset to build collaborations. Key finding (22) Our dynamical understanding of the circulation changes associated with the Antarctic ozone hole is generally robust to the choice of reanalysis dataset. A large part of our understanding of atmospheric conditions over Antarctica is dependent on reanalysis datasets. Reanalyses are a vital tool for filling in the gaps between observations at high southern latitudes, which are sparse both in space and time. This is crucial when developing a dynamical understanding of the behaviour of the atmosphere since calculations of aspects such as large-scale momentum transport are much more tractable with data on a regular grid. There are a several different reanalyses available, all of which include some inherent uncertainty in interpolating between observations. This study presents a rigorous assessment of four leading reanalyses and encouragingly finds that our dynamical understanding of the circulation changes induced by the ozone hole is broadly robust to the choice of reanalysis. However, it was found that some of the dynamical diagnostics do exhibit quite large inter-reanalysis differences highlighting the need for improved observational data and modelling to help further improve our dynamical understanding. Key finding (23): An extreme high temperature event in coastal East Antarctica has been found to be associated with an atmospheric river and record summer downslope winds. The Antarctic continent contains 90 percent of the world's freshwater ice, so any significant melt has serious implications for sea level rise. To date, most ice loss has occurred when warm ocean currents melt coastal ice from below. However, the higher air temperatures predicted for the coming decades are expected to increase surface melt, leading to an additional contribution to sea level rise. We present a case study of an event that occurred in coastal East Antarctica during December 1989 that illustrates how surface temperatures can rise to record levels leading to significant surface ice melt. The event unfolded in two stages. First, a narrow band of warm, moist air arrived in the coastal region from lower latitudes as an "atmospheric river", raising the temperature to a high, but not extreme level. Second, winds of record summer strength flowed from the interior of the Antarctic to the coastal region, drawing air down to lower levels of the atmosphere. This led to warming of the coastal air through compression, with it reaching 9.3°C at the Australian Mawson station, which was the second highest surface temperature in the 66-year record. Key finding (24): Inhomogeneity of the Surface Air Temperature Record from Halley, Antarctica Commencing in 1956, observations made at Halley Research Station in Antarctica provide one of the longest continuous series of near-surface temperature observations from the Antarctic continent. Since few other records of comparable length are available, the Halley record has been used extensively in studies of long-term Antarctic climate variability and change. The record does not, however, come from a single location but is a composite of observations from a sequence of seven stations, all situated on the Brunt Ice Shelf, that range from around 10 to 50 km in distance from the coast. Until now, it has generally been assumed that temperature data from all of these stations could be combined into a single composite record with no adjustment. However, application of a statistical algorithm to the composite record detects a sudden cooling associated with the move from Halley IV to Halley V station in 1992. This temperature step is consistent with local temperature gradients measured by a network of automatic weather stations and with those simulated by a high-resolution atmospheric model. These temperature gradients are strongest in the coastal region and result from the onshore advection of maritime air. The detected inhomogeneity could account for the weak cooling trend seen in the uncorrected composite record. In future, studies that make use of the Halley record will need to account for its inhomogeneity. Key finding (25): CMIP6 models and reanalysis comparison shows discrepancies in large scale atmospheric circulation variability in North Atlantic. The strong low-frequency multidecadal variability of large-scale atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic (NA) drives variability in climate conditions over western Europe. Work in AIC has shown that the latest generation of climate models (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 [CMIP6] exhibit weak winter multidecadal variability compared to estimates based on observationally constrained reconstructions (reanalyses). Reliably reproducing this variability in climate models is of high importance for estimating future climatic conditions. Detailed sub-seasonal analyses have identified that the strongest discrepancies (in January and February) between the models and reanalyses are associated with too-weak NA ocean-atmosphere linkages. Key finding (26): Main drivers of surface melt on Larsen C ice shelf identified In order to predict the future of the largest remaining ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula-Larsen C-we must understand what is causing it to melt at the surface. Recent modelling studies have shown that the most dominant factor is solar radiation, especially in summer, while relatively warm, dry foehn winds are the second most important cause of melting. Foehn winds are an especially significant cause of melting in nonsummer seasons. The third driver of surface melting is cloud, because clouds can affect how much energy is received at the surface of the ice shelf. When it is warm enough, clouds can initiate or sustain melting. The final cause of melting is large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, which can establish the conditions that promote melting, such as sunny, cloudy, or foehn periods. These melt drivers interact with one another and can compound or dampen the effects of other causes of melting. These melt drivers matter because surface melt could cause this ice shelf to collapse, and therefore indirectly contribute to sea level rise. Key finding (27): Temperature bias in reanalysis models compared to observations in Antarctic sea ice zone identified The Antarctic sea ice zone plays a central role in driving the global ocean circulation and in controlling global climate. Much of our understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its variability comes from using coupled ice-ocean models, which are forced using atmospheric data. Global atmospheric "reanalyses" (gridded fields of atmospheric data produced using the same models that are employed in numerical weather prediction) are often used for this purpose, but little is known about the reliability of these products in the polar regions. We have used meteorological measurements from three drifting buoys that were deployed in the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) to evaluate the performance of two reanalysis products. Both reanalyses had a good representation of day-to-day variations in meteorological conditions (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, and radiation). However, temperatures in both reanalyses were biased warm, with the largest biases seen during the coldest part of the Antarctic winter. The biases probably result from the use of a very simple representation of sea ice in the reanalysis models. To eliminate these biases a more sophisticated representation should be used in future reanalyses. Key finding (28): HONO observations from Halley demonstrate their importance as an OH source above Antarctic snowpacks. Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) amount fractions measured at Halley Research Station, Antarctica, were found to be low compared to those observed at other Antarctic locations. Vertical fluxes of HONO from the snow were also measured and agree with the estimated HONO production rate from photolysis of snow nitrate. A simple box model of HONO sources and sinks showed that the flux of HONO from the snow makes a > 10 times larger contribution to the HONO budget than its formation through the reaction of OH and NO. This results highlights the importance of HONO snow emissions as an OH source in the atmospheric boundary layer above Antarctic snowpacks. Key finding (29): Extreme warm events at Signy & Orcadas islands are dominated by different drivers. The extreme warming events in the historical record at Signy are dominated by föhn warming in combination with Atmospheric Rivers (AR) originating from the Southern Atlantic Ocean, where warm, moisture-rich air is rapidly advected towards the islands by enhanced northerly winds. By contrast, the Orcadas warm extremes involve both warm-air advection and föhn warming associated with enhanced northwesterlies/westerlies with ARs originating in the Pacific Ocean that travel across the Drake Passage. Simulation of one of the top 10 warm events for Signy station using a 1-km grid spacing configuration of the atmosphere-only UK Met Office Unified Model is used to disentangle the role of local versus large-scale forcing. We find that the majority of the warming can be attributed to föhn effects for the case study. These results demonstrate the complexity of Antarctic temperature extremes. Key finding (29): Polar domains in Met Office UM need to be included in standard model development suites. Work has been done by an AIC member to push for the Polar domain to be included in the development suites. The Met Office have now decided to include a polar domain as part of its standard testing suite for model development. Key finding (30): 2023's Antarctic sea ice extent is the lowest on record Antarctic sea ice is a vitally important part of the regional and global climate. In 2023, sea ice extent fell to record lows, reaching unprecedented values for both the summer minimum, winter maximum and intervening freeze-up period. Here, we show that the extreme values observed were truly remarkable within the context of the satellite record, despite the challenge of quantifying how rare such an event might be, and discuss some contributing factors. While this could be part of a decline in sea ice associated with human-caused climate change, it is too early to say conclusively if this is the case. Key finding (31): importance of blowing snow Work has been done that shows an updated blowing snow mechanism in the chemical transport model p-TOMCAT results in more representative values of sea salt aerosols (SSA) in the model. These SSAs are normally generated from blowing snow above sea ice. This shows the need to include this mechanism in climate models to improve predictions. Key finding (32): variation in future extreme seasons over Antarctica in CMIP6 data. Using CMIP6 archive data: first multi-variate overview of the evolution of extreme seasons over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean during the 20th and 21st centuries following medium-to-high radiative forcing scenarios. There are significant differences between simulated changes in background mean climate and changes in low and high extreme seasons. Regional winter warming is most pronounced for cold extremes. In summer, there are more pronounced increases in high extremes in precipitation and westerly wind during the ozone hole formation period (late 20th century), affecting coastal regions and, in particular, the Antarctic Peninsula. At midlatitudes, there is a reduction in the range of summer season wind extremes. Suggested mechanisms for these differences are provided relating to sea ice retreat and westerly jet position. Key finding (33): The impacts of atmospheric rivers in terms of precipitation are not captured properly in high resolution climate models. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) interact with the topography of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, and deposit significant precipitation amounts. Three regional climate models (RCMs: MetUM, Polar-WRF, HCLIM) at a spatial resolution of 1 km are used to study snow and rain amounts. These are compared with limited observations in this region (which includes Thwaites and Pine Island Glacier) and found that the models tend to underestimate the amount. This highlights that kilometre-scale models are useful tools to investigate the total precipitation amount and its partitioning into rain and snow over this globally important and climatically sensitive region, and it highlights the critical need for in situ observations of rainfall. |
| Exploitation Route | The work described has the potential to improve atmospheric models and predictions of future climate and composition. The work also allows us to understand complex processes in the climate system. |
| Sectors | Energy Environment Other |
| Description | The BAS Atmosphere, Ice, and Climate Team are involved in a range of activities linking to non-academic audiences. Public engagement activities is one key method - we have brought our science to a range of audiences, at numerous events, and using disparate formats, to inform them of the work that we do, the context, and the relevance to society. The media provides a further avenue for us to impact non-academic audiences, and we have provided interviews for both radio and TV programmes/news bulletins, as well as met with journalists for on-line or print publications. We have regularly been quoted in BBC and Radio 4 items. One of our Team regularly uses YouTube videos to provide explainers on key climate issues. Another member of the Team is a regular attendee of the World Economic Forum in Davos, in particular meeting key influencers (e.g. in industry, policy, government) via the Arctic Basecamp, but also taking part in panel discussions. We are involved in European projects. A less traditional route for us to interact with non-academic audiences is via art projects, e.g. have provided observational data (of Antarctic light) to be translated into a high-end lamp installation, members have been involved in the SEEMonster art installation about climate change, also members are liaising with writers and artists to enable representation of scientific concepts into artistic presentations (both theatrical and visual). |
| First Year Of Impact | 2006 |
| Sector | Education,Other |
| Impact Types | Cultural Societal Policy & public services |
| Description | (CRiceS) - Climate relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key role of sea ice and snow in the polar and global climate system |
| Amount | € 8,507,794 (EUR) |
| Funding ID | 101003826 |
| Organisation | European Commission |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | Belgium |
| Start | 08/2021 |
| End | 08/2025 |
| Description | Climate Sensitivity due to Clouds |
| Amount | £2,400,000 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | NE/T006390/1 |
| Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 02/2020 |
| End | 01/2024 |
| Description | Coupling of ocean-ice-atmosphere processes: from sea-Ice biogeochemistry to aerosols and Clouds (CIce2Clouds) |
| Amount | $50,000 (USD) |
| Organisation | Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| Country | United States |
| Start | 12/2021 |
| End | 12/2025 |
| Title | 1-hourly medians of Aethalometer data (880 nm) measured at Halley station throughout 2015 |
| Description | 1-hourly medians of 1-min Aethalometer data measured at 880 nm. The hourly medians are derived from the 1-min observations; missing data arise from rejection of medians where fewer than 50% of the 1-min average data were present. Observations were made at Halley research station, in coastal Antarctica, as part of the British Antarctic Survey programme of tropospheric chemistry. Observations were made throughout 2015 at the Halley Clean Air Sector Laboratory. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Antarctic daily precipitation amounts for January 1979 - July 2017 from the RACMO version 3p2 limited area atmospheric model, along with flags that indicate extreme precipitation events |
| Description | Two netcdf files are provided that contain daily precipitation amounts for January 1979 - July 2017 from the RACMO version 3p2 limited area, atmosphere-only model. The model is described in van Wessem, J. M., C. H. Reijmer, M. Morlighem, J. Mouginot, E. Rignot, B. Medley, and E. van Meijgaard, (2014) Improved representation of East Antarctic surface mass balance in a regional atmospheric climate model, Journal of Glaciology, 60, 761-770. The model was run over a 262 by 240 grid point domain covering Antarctica and parts of the Southern Ocean. The model was forced at the lateral boundaries by data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim). Flags are provided for extreme precipitation events. A precipitation day was taken as a daily total of precipitation of greater than 0.02 mm. Extreme precipitation events were then taken as days when daily precipitation amount was greater than the 90th percentile of the daily precipitation values over the period 1979 - 2016. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Atmospheric nitrous acid amount fraction at Halley in January and February 2022 |
| Description | Atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) amount fraction measured in the clean air sector at Halley VI Research Station between 22 January and 3 February 2022. The data was collected using a Long Path Absorption Photometer (LOPAP), the instrument inlet height above the snow was changed during the measurement period, this is indicated in the dataset. Temperature and wind speed data were collected are included to enable the HONO flux from the snow to be calculated. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and the ARIES Doctoral Training Partnership [grant number NE/S007334/1]. The fieldwork at Halley VI Research Station was funded by the Collaborative Antarctic Science Scheme (CASS). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01718 |
| Title | Atmospheric snow particle flux in the Central Arctic during MOSAiC 2019-20 |
| Description | Particle number flux of airborne snow particles was measured near-continuously at 1-min resolution above the sea ice surface from October 2019 to July 2020 during the year-round MOSAiC expedition. Sensors where mounted at 0.1 m and 10 m on the mast in MetCity on the MOSAiC ice floe drifting during the measurement period within an area of 79.2 N to 88.6 N and 2.7 W to 133.6 E. The SPC measurements were part of the BAS measurement suite during MOSAiC to quantify sea salt aerosol production from blowing snow above sea ice and potential impacts on clouds and climate. Instrument and data quality checks during the year-round campaign were carried out by BAS scientists and the MOSAiC ATMOS team. Funding was provided by UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project "Sea Salt Aerosol above Arctic Sea Ice - sources, processes and climate impacts" (SSAASI-CLIM) grant NE/S00257X/1. The project was part of the international Multi-disciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) with the tag MOSAiC20192020. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01740 |
| Title | Bias-corrected temperature and precipitation data from the WRF regional climate model output, Cordillera Blanca and Vilcanota-Urubamba regions, Peru, from 1980 to 2018 |
| Description | Temperature and precipitation data from the Weather Research and Forecasting model are bias-corrected against observations to create these bias-corrected gridded datasets over the Rio Santa River Basin (in the Cordillera Blanca) at 4 km horizontal resolution (d02), the Vilcanota-Urubamba region at 4 km horizontal resolution (d03) and the upper region of the Rio Santa River Basin at 800 m horizontal resolution (d04). The raw WRF data can be found in the related dataset. Full details of the bias-correction can be found in Fyffe et al., (2021). These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess past climate in the Peruvian Andes, as a basis to determine future climate in the region, and as an input for glaciological and hydrological models. The data were created using the British Antarctic Survey high performance computer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01728 |
| Title | Brunt Ice Shelf AWS data for 2015 |
| Description | Temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction from two automatic weather stations on the Brunt Ice Shelf that operated during 2015. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01380 |
| Title | CPC particle count at Halley VIa CASLab 2020 |
| Description | A TSI CPC (Condensation Particle Counter) Model 3010 was installed at Halley's Clean Air Sector Laboratory (CASLab), a mile from the station's generator, in the (austral) summer of 2019/20 and began collecting data in February as a long term dataset. The inlet is a 3m length of antistatic tubing, with a portion left untethered so that it can move with the prevailing wind. This is to prevent icing of the inlet by allowing the inlet to stay out of the direct line of any snow or ice being blown around. Any movement from the wind should allow any hoar frost that builds up to fall off. The instrument was installed by Joshua Eveson and the primary contact for the dataset is Freya Squires. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01508 |
| Title | Concentration of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide and dissolved methane in surface water and water column in Scotia and Weddell Seas during the cruise DY158 in December 2022 and January 2023 |
| Description | This dataset contains atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentration data in the Southern Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean, and dissolved methane concentration data from surface and water column seawater samples in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and South Georgia shelf taken onboard RRS Discovery during DY158 from December 2022 and January 2023. Atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentration was measured using a Los Gatos Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyser (UGGA) G2311-f. The concentrations are 2 hour averaged and have been filtered based on wind direction to data corresponding to wind coming from behind the ship to remove sources of pollution from the ship stack. Surface seawater samples were taken either using the uncontaminated seawater system or from the surface sample from a CTD (Conductivity-Depth-Temperature) cast. Water column seawater samples were taken from a CTD with Niskin bottle rosette-casts at various depths spanning from the sea surface to the seafloor. The dissolved methane concentration in each seawater sample is measured using gas chromatography. Funding source: This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and the ARIES Doctoral Training Partnership (grant no. NE/S007334/1). The fieldwork was supported by the Collaborative Antarctic Science Scheme (CASS). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01944 |
| Title | Continuous Subdaily Meteorological Records at Signy Station, the South Orkney Islands 1947 - 1994 |
| Description | The data consists of a CSV file of mean sea level pressure (MSLP, in hPa), 1.25 m temperature (in celsius), 10 m wind speed (in knots), 10 m wind direction (in degree), and relative humidity (in percentage) measured at Signy Station (Latitude 60 degress 43'0"S, Longitude 45 degrees 36'0"W) for the period of 1947 - 1994. These data were used by Lu et al. (2023) to study extreme high temperature events in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs). Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to the Atmosphere, Ice and Climate Programme of British Antarctic Survey (BAS), NERC National Capability International grant SURface FluxEs In AnTarctica (NE/X009319/1) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme under Grant agreement no. 101003590 (PolarRES). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01767 |
| Title | Cyclone tracks for the region south of 60S for 1979 - 2018 derived from 6-hourly ERA-Interim reanalysis mean sea level pressure (MSLP) fields |
| Description | Cyclone tracks for the region south of 60S for 1979 - 2018, derived by applying the University of Melbourne cyclone tracking software to ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis MSLP fields at 6-hourly temporal and ~1.125 degree spatial resolution. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01328 |
| Title | Fine-scale atmosphere-only model simulation of near-surface temperature and wind from a reanalysis-driven Met Office Unified Model simulation of the Brunt Ice Shelf for the year 2015 |
| Description | High-resolution simulations of near-surface (1.5 m) temperature and (10 m) zonal and meridional winds over the Brunt Ice Shelf in the Antarctic for the year 2015 were conducted using the atmosphere-only Met Office Unified Model by the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. The datasets produced were necessary to place point meteorological measurements from the various automatic weather stations on the Brunt Ice Shelf into a wider spatial context by identifying spatial temperature gradients and investigating how such gradients may have affected the homogeneity of the composite Halley temperature record. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01454 |
| Title | Forecasts, neural networks, and results from the paper: 'Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning' |
| Description | This dataset encompasses data produced in the study 'Seasonal Arctic sea ice forecasting with probabilistic deep learning', published in Nature Communications. The study introduces a new Arctic sea ice forecasting AI system, IceNet, which predicts monthly-averaged sea ice probability (SIP; probability of sea ice concentration > 15%) up to 6 months ahead at 25 km resolution. The study demonstrated IceNet's superior seasonal forecasting skill over a state-of-the-art physics-based sea ice forecasting system, ECMWF SEAS5, and a statistical benchmark. This dataset includes three types of data from the study. Firstly, IceNet's SIP forecasts from 2012/1 - 2020/9. Secondly, the 25 neural network files underlying the IceNet model. Thirdly, spreadsheets of results from the study. The codebase associated with this work includes a script to download this dataset and reproduce all the paper's figures. This dataset is supported by Wave 1 of The UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund under the EPSRC Grant EP/T001569/1, particularly the "AI for Science" theme within that grant and The Alan Turing Institute. The dataset is also supported by the NERC ACSIS project (grant NE/N018028/1). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01526 |
| Title | Ice core chemistry, conductivity, and stable nitrate isotopic composition of the Samalas eruption in 1259 from the ISOL-ICE ice core, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (Version 1.0) |
| Description | This dataset contains a subset of the ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017 (https://doi.org/10.5285/9c972cfb-0ffa-4144-a943-da6eb82431d2). The subset reported here contains ice core data from the 1455 - 1227 AD period (60.80 - 79.45 m depth) and covers the volcanic eruption of Samalas, Indonesia in 1259. The ice core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. Here we report i) the age-depth model over the 1455 - 1227 AD period, ii) high-resolution nitrate stable isotopic composition of discrete ice core samples, and iii) nitrate, sodium and magnesium mass concentrations and electrolytic meltwater conductivity from continuous flow analysis (CFA). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Ice core chemistry, density, conductivity, dust, snow accumulation rate, and stable nitrate isotopic composition of the 120 m ISOL-ICE ice core, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (Version 1.0) |
| Description | This dataset contains ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017. The core is 120 m in depth and spans a 1349 +/- 3 year period from 2017 to 668 AD. The core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. High-resolution stable nitrate isotopic composition data is accompanied by chemistry data, conductivity, density, insoluble particle counts (dust), and snow accumulation rate data. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Incoming and transmitted irradiance through snow and sea ice in the Chukchi Sea in August 2019 |
| Description | Incoming irradiance at the surface and transmitted through snow and sea ice was measured during a cruise to the Chukchi Sea in August 2019 with the Korean RV Araon using TriOS RAMSES planar radiometers. The data was collected to improve understanding of how the physical and optical properties of various sea ice conditions affect the solar partitioning by snow and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and how this might affect the ecosystem trophic levels relying on photosynthesis. The data is also used to improve parameterisation in models or for remote sensing applications in order to upscale to a pan-Arctic level. This dataset resulted from the NERC project (NE/R012725/1) Eco-Light, part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme, jointly funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01802 |
| Title | Kilometre and sub-kilometre scale atmosphere-only model simulations using the Met Office Unified Model of a foehn wind event over the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula on 27 January 2011 |
| Description | Firstly, simulations of surface pressure, 10 m zonal wind speed, 10 m meridional wind speed, 1.5 m air temperature, and 1.5 m specific humidity over the Larsen C Ice Shelf for the duration of the OFCAP (Orographic Flows and the Climate of the Antarctic Peninsula) field campaign from 8 January 2011 to 8 February 2011 were conducted using the regional atmosphere-only configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) at 4 km grid spacing by the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. The datasets produced were necessary to compare with corresponding measurements derived from five Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) distributed across the Larsen C Ice Shelf to evaluate the main biases in the simulations. Secondly, further MetUM simulations at grid spacings of 1.5 and 0.5 km of a foehn wind event that occurred on 27 January 2011 were conducted, with the datasets produced used to compare results at 4, 1.5 and 0.5 km grid spacing and examine whether the added benefit of sub-kilometre scale grid spacing improves the model representation of foehn winds. Thirdly, a simulation of the foehn wind event on 27 January 2011 using the MetUM at 4 km grid spacing but replacing the 'sharp' stability function used by the boundary layer scheme with the 'long-tail' stability function were also conducted, with the dataset produced used to examine the impact of stronger turbulent mixing for statically stable conditions on the model representation of foehn winds. Funding was provided by NERC grant NE/G014124/1. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01513 |
| Title | Major ion chemistry and stable nitrate isotopic composition of aerosol, skin layer snow and snow pits at Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (Version 1.0) |
| Description | This dataset contains major ion chemistry and stable nitrate isotopic composition for i) daily aerosol and skin layer snow samples collected during January 2017, and ii) two snow pits at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | MetUM and HIRHAM5 simulations of summer near-surface temperatures over Antarctica from 1979 to 2019 |
| Description | High-resolution hindcasts (1979-2019) of summer climate over Antarctica using the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) and HIRHAM5 were conducted at the British Antarctic Survey and Danish Meteorological Institute, respectively. The hindcasts are conducted for summer 1979-2018, i.e., from December 1979 to February 2019, for December, January, February (DJF). This dataset consists of near-surface temperature output from these hindcasts at a temporal resolution of every 3 hrs. The hindcasts are contributions to the COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) project. Both models are run over Antarctic CORDEX domains, which encompass all of Antarctica and some of the surrounding ocean, at a horizontal grid spacing of around 12 km. The near-surface temperatures are used to estimate regional surface melt "potential" over Antarctic ice shelves as a function of summertime temperature extremes and identify regions of potentially enhanced "hotspots" of melt potential based on the occurrence (and magnitude) of various temperatures. Funding was provided by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme under Grant agreement no. 101003590 (PolarRES) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01662 |
| Title | MetUM high-resolution simulations of extreme warm temperature events over South Orkney Islands from 1 to 17 January 1991 |
| Description | High-resolution simulations of extreme warm temperature events over South Georgia Islands using the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) were conducted at the British Antarctic Survey. The simulations are conducted for the period 1 to 17 January 1991, which included an event in which the temperature at Signy station peaked at 17.4 degrees Celsius on 13 January 1991, as well as a series of consecutive warm events preceding this. The dataset consists of 1) 10 m zonal wind, 10 m meridional wind, 1.5 m temperature, 1.5 m dew point temperature, 1.5 m relative humidity, and mean sea level pressure at a temporal resolution of every 1 hr for the period 1 to 17 January, 2) zonal wind, meridional wind, vertical wind, and potential temperature on model levels at 00UTC 13 January, and 3) rainfall rate at 00 UTC 13 January (averaged over a 3-hr period). The MetUM is run over a domain that includes South Orkney Islands and the surrounding ocean, which comprises 120 x 120 grid points at a grid spacing of 1 km. The model output is used to investigate the detailed influence of South Orkney Islands orography on temperature, precipitation, and winds, and in particular the importance of foehn events in producing extreme warm temperatures at Signy station. Funding: 1) Core funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to the Atmosphere, Ice and Climate Programme of British Antarctic Survey (BAS). 2) NERC National Capability International grant SURface FluxEs In AnTarctica (NE/X009319/1). 3) European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme under Grant agreement no. 101003590 (PolarRES). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01776 |
| Title | Model-simulated and bias-corrected daily total precipitation from a reanalysis-driven Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of the Beas and Sutlej river basins in the Himalaya, 1980 to 2012 (Version 1.0) |
| Description | High-resolution simulations of daily precipitation over the Beas and Sutlej basins in the Himalaya from 1980 to 2012 were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. It was shown that applying a non-linear bias-correction method to the model precipitation output resulted in much better results. The work formed part of the project 'Sustaining Himalayan Water Resources in a Changing Climate (SusHi-Wat)' during 2015 to 2018, and was funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council grant number NE/N015592/1. The datasets produced are necessary as accurate fine-scale estimates of precipitation over catchments in the Himalaya mountain range are required for providing input to hydrological models, as well as identifying precipitation extremes for assessing hydro-meteorological hazards. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in artificial sea ice experiments conducted between 01-May-2017 to 01-Jun-2017 |
| Description | Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in artificial sea ice experiments at the Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC) at the University of East Anglia, UK. Experiments involved investigating chemical contaminant behaviours during sea ice formation and melt in order to assess possible exposure risk to sea ice biota. Funding was provided by: NERC ENVISION Doctoral Training Centre (NE/L002604/1). NERC and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) funded Changing Arctic Ocean program EISPAC project (NE/R012857/1). British Antarctic Survey Collaboration Voucher. EUROCHAMP-2020 Infrastructure Activity under grant agreement (No 730997). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01481 |
| Title | Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation of West Antarctic climate, summer 1980-2015 |
| Description | High-resolution simulation of summer climate over West Antarctica using the Polar-optimised version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model conducted at British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. Runs are conducted for summer (January-centred) 1980-2015, i.e. from December 1979 to February 2015, for December, January and February (DJF). Experiments were carried out for the NERC West Antarctic Grant (NE/K00445X/1) during 2014-2017. The project is aimed at understanding the variability and climatology over the West Antarctic ice sheet and ice shelves as well as to project the future change over the twenty-first century. The model outer domain encompasses the West Antarctic ice sheet and a large part of the surrounding ocean at 45 km horizontal grid spacing, and the nested (one-way) inner domain covers the Amundsen Sea Embayment at 15 km grid spacing. The model uses vertical eta coordinates with both domains have a model top of 50 hPa, and 30 vertical levels. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Precipitation and temperature climate change indices calculated from WRF data and statistically downscaled CMIP5 models, Cordillera Blanca and Vilcanota-Urubamba regions, Peru, from 1980 to 2100 |
| Description | Based on the bias-corrected WRF data and the statistically downscaled CMIP5 data (see related datasets), six climate change detection indices are calculated, based on the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). Each index is calculated for the control period (1980-2018) from the bias-corrected WRF data, and the future (2019-2100) for each of the 30 CMIP5 models. Six of the ETCCDI climate indices are calculated here (taken from Zhang (2011)): the simple precipitation intensity index describing the total annual precipitation on wet days; the annual total precipitation falling on days where precipitation is above the 95th percentile of the 1980-2018 period; the number of dry days (precipitation under 1 mm) in a year (a variation on "continuous dry days" given in Zhang (2011); the annual average monthly maximum temperature; the warm spell duration index describing the annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days above the 90th percentile of daily maximum temperature from 1980-2018; the number of frost days (minimum daily temperature below 0 deg C). These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess future climate in the Peruvian Andes. The data were created on the JASMIN supercomputer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01730 |
| Title | Precipitation and temperature data from statistically downscaled CMIP5 models, Cordillera Blanca and Vilcanota-Urubamba regions, Peru, from 2019 to 2100 |
| Description | Precipitation and near-surface temperature data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5 models) are statistically downscaled to create these gridded datasets over the Rio Santa River Basin (in the Cordillera Blanca; d02) and the Vilcanota-Urubamba region (d03) at 4 km horizontal resolution, from 2019-2100. The bias-corrected WRF data found in the related dataset are used as the observational truth for the historical period 1980-2018, and the data are downscaled using an empirical quantile mapping technique. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP) have been downscaled, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, from 30 CMIP5 models. The daily total precipitation and daily minimum and maximum temperature at 2 m are downscaled, and the daily average and monthly average temperatures are calculated using the hourly temperature (not archived due to space constraints). The potential evapotranspiration is estimated from the downscaled precipitation and temperature data, using the Hargreaves equation. These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess future climate in the Peruvian Andes, as a basis to determine future climate in the region, and as an input for glaciological and hydrological models. The data were created on the JASMIN supercomputer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01729 |
| Title | Pressure, Temperature, Wind Speed and Direction from an AWS on Larsen Ice Shelf (1985-2012) |
| Description | Meteorological data collected on Larsen Ice Shelf including pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Raw acoustic data collected by an EK80 echo sounder in Stromness Bay, South Georgia during the cruise DY158 on 5 January 2023 |
| Description | Acoustic backscatter data were collected on board the RRS Discovery during cruise DY158 on 05/01/2023 in Stromness Bay, South Georgia. Data were collected using a Simrad EK80 echosounder at 18, 38, 120, 200 and 333 kHz. Funding source: This work was carried out in the frame of WCB-POETS survey cruises, and the methane survey was funded by the Collaborative Antarctic Science Scheme (CASS). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01945 |
| Title | Salinity profiles of snow on sea ice and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during winter 2015 |
| Description | Salinity profiles of sea ice and snow on sea ice were measured in the Arctic Ocean during the Norwegian Young Sea Ice cruise in 2015 (https://www.npolar.no/en/projects/n-ice2015/), an international sea ice drift expedition led by the Norwegian Polar Institute. Salinity is a key parameter for a range of processes related to biology, photochemistry and physics of sea ice, snow on sea ice as well as atmospheric aerosol. Sea ice cores and snow samples were collected during the sea ice drift expedition from the ice floe and transferred to the ship's laboratory. The aqueous conductivity of melted sea ice core and snow samples was measured and converted into practical salinity units. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/M005852/1, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K16135, 24-4175) and the Centre of Ice, Climate and Ecosystems (ICE) at the Norwegian Polar Institute through the N-ICE project |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | Salinity profiles of snow on sea ice in the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) during austral winter 2013 |
| Description | Small particles (known as aerosol) in the atmosphere play several critical roles. They affect the transmission of sunlight to the underlying surface; they affect the formation of clouds, and they host and enhance important chemical reactions. When they are deposited on ice they leave a record of past conditions that can be accessed by drilling ice cores. The most significant aerosol component over marine areas is sea salt aerosol. Over most of the world's oceans this is created by bubble bursting in sea spray. However there is strong evidence that another source of sea salt aerosol is important in the polar regions, and that this ultimately derives from the surface of sea ice. The existence of this source forms the basis for a proposed method using ice core data for determining changes in sea ice extent over long time periods. Additionally sea salt aerosol, along with salty sea ice surfaces, is the host for the production of halogen compounds which seem to play a key role in the oxidation chemistry of the polar regions. It is therefore important to understand the sources of polar sea salt aerosol and therefore to be able to predict how they may vary with, and feedback to, climate. It was recently proposed that the main source of this polar sea salt aerosol was the sublimation of salty blowing snow. The idea is that snow on sea ice has a significant salinity. When this salty snow is mobilised into blowing snow, sublimation from the (top of) the blowing snow layer will allow the formation of sea salt aerosol above the blowing snow layer, that can remain airborne after the blowing snow has ceased. First calculations suggested that this would provide a strong source of aerosol (greater than that from open ocean processes over an equivalent area). It was proposed that this would have a strong influence on polar halogen chemistry and a noticeable influence on halogens at lower latitudes. However, this was based on estimates of the relevant parameters as there were no data about aerosol production from this source, and almost no data about blowing snow over sea ice in general. Participation in a rare sea ice cruise onboard the German ice breaker Polarstern operated by Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) provided the opportunity to access the sea ice covered Weddell Sea during Austral winter 2013. Snow on sea ice was sampled at various locations, and the snow salinity was subsequently measured in the ship's laboratory. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Title | Sea Ice Area climatologies and 21st century change in the CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi-model ensembles |
| Description | This dataset comprises summary statistics regarding historical and projected Southern Hemisphere total sea ice area (SIA) and 21st century global temperature change (dTAS), evaluated from the multi-model ensembles contributing to CMIP5 and CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 and 6). The metrics are evaluated for two climatological periods (1979-2014 and 2081-2100) from a number of CMIP experiments; historical, and ScenarioMIP or RCP runs. These metrics were calculated to calculate projections of future Antarctic sea ice loss, and drivers of ensemble spread in this variable, for Holmes et al. (2022) "Antarctic sea ice projections constrained by historical ice cover and future global temperature change". Funding was provided by the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme and under NERC large grant NE/N01829X/1 |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01640 |
| Title | Sea-air methane fluxes measured using an eddy-covariance technique on RRS James Clark Ross from January 2019 to March 2021 |
| Description | This dataset contains sea-air methane flux data from January 2019 to March 2021 measured using a Picarro G2311-f greenhouse gas analyser onboard RRS James Clark Ross, in the Southern Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Atlantic Ocean. The fluxes are 2 hour averaged and have been filtered based on wind direction to data corresponding to wind coming from behind the ship to remove sources of pollution from the ship stack. Limit of detection for the flux data are calculated for each cruise by multiplying the standard deviation of the random noise by three. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and the ARIES Doctoral Training Partnership (grant no. NE/S007334/1). Royal Holloway, University of London was funded by NERC through grants NE/V000780/1 and NE/N016211/1. Anna E. Jones and Katrin Linse were part of the British Antarctic Survey Polar Science for Planet Earth Programme funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NC-Science]. The measurements from the Royal Research Ship James Clark Ross (JCR) were principally supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council's ORCHESTRA project (Grant No. NE/N018095/1). The Picarro analyser was funded by the European Space Agency funding (ESA AMT4OceanSatFlux project, Grant No. 4000125730/18/NL/FF/gp). This work further contributes to the NERC MOYA project (Grant No. NE/N015932/1). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01814 |
| Title | Snow chemical compositions, salinity, surface ozone, BrO and meteorology data at Eureka, Canada in spring of 2018/19 |
| Description | Surface snow samples were collected daily from a Canadian high Arctic location at Eureka, Nunavut (80N, 86W) from the end of February to the end of March in 2018 and 2019. The snow samples were collected at several sites representing distinct environments: sea ice, inland close to sea level, and a hilltop ~600 m above sea level. Ion Chromatography (IC) analysis was performed for most of the snow samples. Snow salinity measurement is mainly for surface snow. Surface ozone was measured at sea level (from the Zero Altitude PEARL Auxiliary Laboratory (0PAL)) and lower tropospheric BrO (0-4 km) was measured by MAX-DOAS instrument (at ~610 m located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL)). This study was supported by the UK NERC Arctic office via two UK-Canada bursary programs: "The role of tundra snowpack chemistry in the boundary layer bromine budget at Eureka, Canada" (2018), and "A second investigation of the role of tundra snowpack chemistry in the boundary layer 'bromine explosion'" (2019). The Eureka MAX-DOAS BrO measurements made at the PEARL Ridge Laboratory by CANDAC was primarily supported by NSERC, CSA, and ECCC. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01746 |
| Title | Southern Hemisphere tropospheric westerly jet: 1979-present |
| Description | This dataset documents the trends and variability in the latitude and strength of the belt of lower-atmosphere westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, referred to as the 'westerly jet'. Time series of annual mean and seasonal diagnostics are available for the period 1979-present, specifically time series of seasonal and annual mean jet latitude and strength. The diagnostics are derived from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis (for more information see www.ecmwf.int and Dee et al. (2011)), which is an observationally-constrained reconstruction of atmospheric conditions. The broad characterisation of the westerly winds into these simple diagnostics has been found to be useful for understanding long-term climate change due to contrasting drivers of change and impacts on other aspects of the climate system. This is an index of winds around the full circumference of all longitudes at Southern Hemisphere middle latitudes. The exact latitude depends on the position of the jet at any given time, but on average the jet (the core of the westerlies) is located at approximately 52 deg S. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | N/A |
| Title | Time series of water pressure, water temperature and ground temperature from lakes Orajarvi (Finland), and Tomasee and Silsersee (Switzerland) from winters 2018-2021 |
| Description | These datasets show how lake water-pressure fluctuated through time over several months in seasonally-frozen catchments in winter. These catchments were in three settings: the lowland Finnish Arctic, an alpine valley and a high cirque in Switzerland. The water-pressure data are accompanied by water temperature and (except for Orajarvi), ground temperature for the same periods. Together, they were used to detect and quantify the water content of snow falling on the lake surfaces. The locations, method of data collection and analysis and the results are described in detail in Pritchard, H. D., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey, and a fellowship from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2021 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable. |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01471 |
| Title | WRF regional climate model output over Peru, and Cordillera Blanca and Vilcanota-Urubamba regions, Peru, from 1980 to 2018 |
| Description | The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output over the whole of Peru at 12 km horizontal resolution and 3 hourly output (domain 1, d01), the Rio Santa River Basin (in the Cordillera Blanca) at 4 km horizontal resolution and hourly output (domain 2, d02), the Vilcanota-Urubamba region at 4 km horizontal resolution and hourly output (domain 3, d03) and the upper region of the Rio Santa River Basin at 800 m horizontal resolution and hourly output (domain 4, d04). Domains 1 to 3 cover the period from 1980 to 2018, domain 4 covers from 2009 to 2018. Full details of the WRF model setup can be found in Fyffe et al., (2021). These data were corrected as part of the PEGASUS (Producing EnerGy and preventing hAzards from SUrface water Storage in Peru) and Peru GROWS (Peruvian Glacier Retreat and its Impact on Water Security) projects. The datasets were created to assess past climate in the Peruvian Andes, as a basis to determine future climate in the region, and as an input for glaciological and hydrological models. The data were created using the British Antarctic Survey high performance computer. The creation of this data was conducted under the Peru GROWS and PEGASUS projects, which were both funded by NERC (grants NE/S013296/1 and NE/S013318/1, respectively) and CONCYTEC through the Newton-Paulet Fund. The Peruvian part of the Peru GROWS project was conducted within the framework of the call E031-2018-01-NERC "Glacier Research Circles", through its executing unit FONDECYT (Contract No. 08-2019-FONDECYT). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Not applicable |
| URL | https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01731 |
| Description | 2021 APPG Briefing |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | A presentation on the MOSAiC expedition and BAS scientific contribution was given in the November 2021 monthly briefing to the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Polar Regions (APPG). The presentation sparked discussion and questions, and a summary was further distributed to UK MPs via the APPG mailing list and web site. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.parallelparliament.co.uk/APPG/polar-regions |
| Description | 2021 Arctic Circle Assembly |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | 120 policymakers and scientists attended the session "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN - INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR GLOBAL SOLUTIONS" during the 2021 Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavik/ Iceland. The presentation on the year-long drift expedition MOSAiC and International collaborations sparked questions and discussions afterwards. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.arctic.ac.uk/news/arctic-circle-assembly-2021-climate-change-and-the-arctic-ocean/ |
| Description | Cambridge International Summer School lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Presented talk at international summer school about climate change and Antarctica. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Climate Change Primer at "Playing for the Future" event |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Gave talk about climate change issues to practitioners from the gaming industry at an event exploring opportunities to use gaming as means to connect with younger generation on climate change. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | EGU presentations |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Many members of AIC gave talks on their work at EGU. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | G7 Arctic experts group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A member of AIC went to Japan for the G7 Arctic experts group meeting. They also attended a meeting of the Pacific Arctic Group and an International workshop on the new Japanese icebreaker |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | General climate change interviews |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A member of AIC is involved frequently on climate discussions on Sky News, in addition to their own youtube explainers and interactions with other media organisations. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023,2024 |
| Description | IPY invited talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Markus Frey is a key leader for IPY activities and co--chaired a recent workshop on this topic. He was invited to present outcomes of this recent IPY5 workshop he lead at the "Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO)" conference hosted by HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2025 |
| Description | ISSI Team invite |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A member of AIC was invited to join the ISSI team on "Multi-Sensor Observations of Antarctic Sea Ice and its Snow Cover" from June 19-23rd . The ISSI is the International Space Science Institute in Bern and hosts international teams carrying out a collaborative research project. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://teams.issibern.ch/antarcticseaice/ |
| Description | Interview for Channel 4 News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I was interviewed by Jon Snow on Channel 4 News about 2018 being officially the hottest summer in England on record. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.channel4.com/news/dr-anna-jones-high-temperatures-consistent-with-climate-scientists-pre... |
| Description | Interview for local radio - Children's climate strikes |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interviewed live on BBC Radio Cambridgeshire Breakfast Show (07:10 am) about school children's Climate Strike. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Interview for national news about Met Office forecasting hottest decade on record |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | 6th Feb 2019: Interviewed by BBC about the about met office forecasting hottest decade on record - clip used on both 6 o'clock and 10 o'clock news. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Interview for regional news - about greenhouse gas measurements over the UK |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interviewed by Richard Westcott BBC East Science Correspondence for a piece about Greenhouse Gas measurements over the UK, and using BAS Twin Otter capability outside of the polar regions. The piece was used throughout the day on at least 3 BBC Look East news items. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Interview on national news - BBC News 24 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | I was interviewed live by Martine Croxal (BBC News 24) about Met Office forecast of CO2 concentrations in 2019. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Invited Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Invited seminar as part of the meteorological seminar course of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, South Korea, which was attended by more than 80 people (including from KOPRI). The title was "Regime behaviour in the upper stratosphere as a precursor of stratosphere-troposphere coupling. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Live TV interview by BBC World News |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Live TV interview with BBC World News that was subsequently syndicated globally. Discussed climate change in Antarctica. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Live interview on Jeremy Sallis show |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I gave a 20 minute live interview on the BBC Radio Cambridgeshire Jeremy Sallis show in support of a talk I was giving about climate change. Interview was wide-ranging, and aimed to reach out to general public who were not well informed about climate change issues. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Media interviews |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Several members of AIC have been involved in a range of media activities over the year. This has ranged form interviews on TV, interviews on Radio 4 and quotes in articles on BBC and other news websites. The topic discussed have included: global sea ice minim, extreme weather, commenting on wildfires. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024,2025 |
| Description | NCSP role |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | An AIC member has taken on the role of BAS contact for the National Climate Science Partnership (NCSP). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration/uk-national-climate-science-partnership |
| Description | Outreach event: 'Explore our planet - Archwiliwch ein planed |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | AIC participated in the outreach activities at the BAS stall for: 'Explore our planet - Archwiliwch ein planed ' ('NERC showcase') October 18-21, 2024,Techniquest Discovery Centre, Cardiff. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | Physics at Work |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | The met team participated in the physics at work event, hosted by Cambridge University. they explained the met observations we take in Antarctica and also the ozone hole. Audience was comprised of children from local secondary schools. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk/programme/physicsatwork |
| Description | Pint of Science talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Roughly 60 people attended an informal talk as part of the Pint of Science series in Cambridge. Considerable discussion and debate, with follow-up to present again in 2020. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Presentaion at RMetS meeting 'Climate Change and the World's Three Poles' |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A talk on 'Melting and the Future of Antarctica' at an RMetS meeting 'Climate Change and the World's Three Poles' |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://www.rmets.org/event/virtual-climate-change-and-worlds-three-poles-arctic-antarctic-and-himal... |
| Description | Presentation at COP27 Cryosphere Pavilion |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | A presentation at the Cryosphere Pavilion at COP27 meeting. Presentation on future and historical climate changes in the polar regions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://iccinet.org/cop-27-cryosphere-pavilion-focus-day-schedule/ |
| Description | Presentation to the Energy Managers Association |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Gave invited talk to the Energy Managers Association about Climate Change and 1.5 degree future. The talk was attended by members of the Energy Managers Association, which is an important group to target. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Provided quote to Science Media Center about Met Office forecasting hottest decade on record |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Provided quote to SMC about met office forecasting hottest decade on record. Dr Anna Jones provided a commented on the recent Met Office report forecasting future climate. This was published in 'The Times' and Anna was interviewed on the BBC TV News 6 and 10 o'clock news and BBC World News. An interview on BBC radio generating 41 broadcast pieces including BBC Radio 2 and local BBC outlets around the UK. 48 online articles featured her comment including BBC News Online (12 M), MetoWeb (638k). |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | SEE Monster art installation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A couple of our Team were involved in the SEE Monster art installation (part of the UNBOXED festival of Britain), the installation was design to provike conversations about recycling, reuse and climate change. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | School presentation (online) - St. Mary's School, Cambridge |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | 100 pupils from St. Mary's School (Independent day and boarding school for girls aged 4 to 18) attended the online presentation on "Life as a glaciologist - research during the MOSAiC Arctic expedition". The topic sparked a lively discussion around topics as well as career opportunities in environmental and polar sciences. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Talk on Climate Change as part of "Life Matters" series |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Invited to present the final talk in a series "Life Matters" which covered a range of social issues of the day. Huge interest from the audience, with many saying their views had been challenged. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | UK Polar Horizons |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 16 Mar 2020 & 3 Apr 2021 Polar Horizons series of webinars about Polar Science ''. Presentation about the science and logistics of the MOSAiC expedition and personal experience during the installation phase. The presentations sparked questions and discussion, and eventually contributed to attracting students from the EDI community to apply for internships and studentships. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020,2021 |
| URL | https://www.bas.ac.uk/project/diversity-in-uk-polar-science-initiative/uk-polar-horizons-2021/ |
| Description | documentary |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A member of AIC appeared in a documentary called "lift the ice", where they explained the effects of climate change on the ice sheets. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | low sea ice media interviews |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | As a result of the record low sea ice levels two members of AIC were interviewed and asked for comment from a range of media and broadcasters. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | presentation - sea ice symposium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A member of AIC gave a talk at the IGS Sea Ice Symposium |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | schools talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | A talk on the climate in Antarctica was given to a local secondary school in Cambridge. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |