Terms of Hospitality: Postcolonial Studies in the Asylum Age (monograph)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Leicester
Department Name: English

Abstract

The main aim of this project is to examine the future shape of postcolonial literary studies in relation to the concerns of displacement and asylum in the globalized world. There is currently no other monograph which deals with this emerging field in Anglophone postcolonial writing.
My principle research question is: can postcolonial literary studies engage with the concerns and strategies of contemporary inter-disciplinary discourses on asylum and immigration? I intend to address this in a book-length study of the points of convergence between postcolonial studies and refugee studies. Refugee studies is conceived of here as including the sociology of asylum, but also incorporating debates in ethical philosophy regarding the definition of hospitality; political philosophy and questions of cosmopolitanism and citizenship; legal philosophy and biopolitics; and ethnographic narratives of displacement.
In the modern 'asylum age', the reassertion of national sovereignty as a response to increased people movement, and the subsequent retraction and redefinition of the right to asylum, indicate that neo-colonial forces are shaping the provision of hospitality and refuge. Globalized economic flows have in many ways superseded physical borders, and the refugee is a spectre of the concomitant loss of sovereignty. In other words, the refugee signifies both the limits of the nation and the exercise of sovereign power at that limit. I therefore intend to examine various discourses in which the refugee is reproduced as a deterritorialized border.
The book will be organised into four chapters which investigate the strategies that enforce this state of affairs. I will begin by examining the place of the refugee in postcolonial Europe; the first chapter will focus on efforts to define the refugee, and subsequent implications for an ethics of welcoming, by examining the conditionality of hospitality and the fragmentation of labels that describe displacement. Subsequent chapters will examine in turn a series of factors which impinge upon the subjectivity of the refugee. The second chapter will look at the representation of the refugee as voiceless by those who claim to speak for refugees, in relation to the need to narrate or perform a refugee identity. The third chapter follows Giorgio Agamben's theorization of the concentration camp in order to read 'the camp' as a motif of (racial) exclusion in the work of Caryl Phillips. The final chapter will examine how both hospitality and displacement are conditioned by gender.
This book will engage with a diverse range of forms and contexts of displacement; not just the status of the asylum seeker in postcolonial Europe, but also other contexts of displacement, such as 'the camp' or detention centre in postcolonial Australia and Palestine, narratives of the 'Lost Boys' of Sudan, and irregular or economic migration in post-apartheid South Africa and the contemporary USA.
Postcolonial studies is by necessity an expanding and adaptable field, responsive to the emergence of new grounds of oppression, and much of the most incisive theory on hospitality and the refugee (e.g. Jacques Derrida; Zygmunt Bauman; Seyla Benhabib) is coming from outside the usual postcolonial-literary channels. I intend therefore to examine how productive intersections with other discourses of displacement can point the way forward for postcolonial studies to engage with the concerns of the asylum age.







 
Title Making it Home 
Description The Making it Home project used some of the insights from Postcolonial Asylum, to bring together refugee and non-refugee women from Edinburgh and Glasgow to reflect on the concept of home, and to produce a series of short films on the subject. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2013 
Impact 'Making it Home', a series of poetry reading and film-making workshops with 10 asylum seeker and refugee women in Glasgow and 7 local women in Edinburgh, has contributed to widening access of disenfranchised groups to cultural resources in Scotland and to the political process. Its success in raising public understanding of the issues facing asylum seekers, via the production of a series of short films and booklet of poems, was cited with approval in the Scottish Parliament. 'Making it Home' has also led to new working partnerships between third sector organisations, who have been furnished with creative resources by which to fulfil their aims. 
URL http://makingithome.net/
 
Description In Postcolonial Asylum I developed a framework for reading work by and about refugees and asylum seekers in terms of their ethical and political claims, and alongside the intellectual contexts of postcolonial studies.

In the book I made the following key findings:
1. That the heritage of ideas available in postcolonial modes of critique can be applied to the situation of seeking asylum, but that this must be done with particular limits in mind. The refugee is a 'scandal' for postcolonial studies in that the displacement experienced by refugees and asylum seekers is not accounted for in postcolonial writing that celebrates cosmopolitanism.
2. That the term 'camp dispositif' (a compound of the theories of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben) can describe the kinds of exclusionary structures and processes that control refugees' access to sanctuary. The 'camp dispositif' refers to the apparatus (technical, discursive, legal, etc) that construct a political relation of exclusion that Agamben traces through the history of the detention camp.
3. That writing by asylum seekers and refugees, in particular, often dramatises this exclusion, by adopting a 'bare life' status that makes visible the restrictions of the camp dispositif.
4. That engaging with this writing can result in new understandings of political identity and belonging can come, where it encourages readers and audiences to enter into acts of substitution (imaginative and representational) that challenge the practices of exclusion implicit in proclamations of belonging (and the difficulty of saying 'we'). As such, the book advocates a more reciprocal, ethically-led response to the situation of asylum seekers and refugees.
Exploitation Route The key findings in my research will be of particular interest to groups using literature and visual culture to connect with refugees and non-refugee audiences. Bibliotherapy groups and groups who wish to promote dialogue and debate with reference to cultural forms might find my readings of asylum seekers' writing set up useful questions.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy

 
Description The insights described in Postcolonial asylum, regarding the manner in which asylum seekers are prevented from reproducing themselves in a social context (through paid work; acts of hospitality; etc) negatively impacts on their capacity to develop a stable sense of home, informed the conception and development of the Making it Home project (see Engagement Activities).
First Year Of Impact 2012
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy
Impact Types Cultural

 
Description Responding to Crisis: Forced Migration and the Humanities (AHRC funded network) 
Organisation Keele University
Department School of Life Sciences
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I am a member of the steering committee for this AHRC funded. I was invited to join this committee based on the research published in my book Postcolonial Asylum: Seeking Sanctuary Before the Law.
Collaborator Contribution Dr Mariangela Palladino of Keele University and Dr Agnes Woolley of Royal Holloway, University of London, are the leaders of the research network.
Impact No outcomes as of yet.
Start Year 2016
 
Description Responding to Crisis: Forced Migration and the Humanities (AHRC funded network) 
Organisation Royal Holloway, University of London
Department Department of Media Arts
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution I am a member of the steering committee for this AHRC funded. I was invited to join this committee based on the research published in my book Postcolonial Asylum: Seeking Sanctuary Before the Law.
Collaborator Contribution Dr Mariangela Palladino of Keele University and Dr Agnes Woolley of Royal Holloway, University of London, are the leaders of the research network.
Impact No outcomes as of yet.
Start Year 2016
 
Description Invited Speaker - 'In Depth with Sukhdev Sandhu' (The Mosaic Rooms, 16 March 2016) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A discussion on the aesthetics and politics of the representation of the sea in contemporary culture, from migration to labour politics, to climate change, at the Mosaic Rooms (London). Part of a programme of events for exhibition Hajra Waheed's Sea Change - Chapter 1: Character 1, In the Rough.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://mosaicrooms.org/event/talk-in-depth/
 
Description Invited Speaker - Migration, Asylum and Detention in Lampedusa: Discussing Research, Policies and Narratives (4 July 2016) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This symposium was designed as a discussion-led event to engage both academia, the general public and refugee participants in a conversation about the disquieting and extremely pressing issues of detention, migration and asylum in the context of Lampedusa, recently identified as a HOTSPOT by the European Commission (See EU Hotspot Approach). The aim was to discuss and investigate the current EU and local policies governing the illegal detention of hundreds of asylum seekers who managed to reach the coast of Lampedusa in southern Italy during the past few months. Planned as a "bottom-up" event aiming to enable refugees into a position of legitimacy, the occasion provided space for refugees to voice their stories about both the crossing and the inhuman conditions of detention in Lampedusa. Their written and oral narratives functioned as primary informant source to catalyse conversation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://lampedusamigrationnetwork.wordpress.com/author/lampedusamigrationnetwork/
 
Description Invited speaker, The Third Biannual Northern Postcolonial Network Symposium: Asylum, Refuge, Migration 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact 50 academic researchers, postgraduate students, community activists, cultural sector and media workers, members of refugee organisations, and the MEP for North West of England, met to discuss how to establish dialogue between academics, local organisations, politicians and the wider public who share concerns for the situation facing asylum seekers and refugees in the UK.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Making it Home (Poetry and Film-making workshops) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A group of 7 local women from Edinburgh and 7 asylum seeker or refugee women from Glasgow met in separate groups to discuss poets around the theme of home. They met for a final joint session to discuss their respective experiences of home and of poetry. They then attended a series of film-making workshops in which they made four short films based on one of the poems included in the workshop. There were screened at various venues around Edinburgh and Glasgow during Scottish Refugee week 2013, including at the Scottish Parliament. Circa 350 people attended screenings and talks about the films.

The participants benefited from increased confidence; awareness of cultural resources; developing new skills; and developing an increased shared understanding between a different communities.
The project partners (Refugee Survival Trust; Pilton Community Health Project; Maryhill Integration Network, University of Edinburgh) benefited from the opportunity to work together and develop new ways to meet their respective remits. RST, for example, had never used a creative project such as Making it Home, to meet their core aims.
Members of the public benefited from an increased awareness about the difficulties facing asylum seeker and refugee women.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012,2013
URL http://makingithome.net/