Mobilising 'Mapping Sculpture in Britain and Ireland, 1851-1951' (Mobilising Mapping)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Glasgow
Department Name: School of Culture & Creative Arts

Abstract

To address access issues and enhance the functionality and value of the original Mapping project the 'Mobilising Mapping' proposal will create a new mobile interface to the 'Mapping Sculpture' database that will enable the project to reach out to audiences for whom the mobile phone is becoming a ubiquitous means of access to information. In 2009, for the first time, the use of mobile phones was more prevalent than fixed-line phones across the UK. In 2008 a quarter of mobile subscriptions, or 17.9 million, were to new, high speed, 3G services. In the first quarter of 2009 more than 8 million people in the UK (16% of adults) access the internet on their mobile phones, an increase of 42% on the previous year. This growth has in part been driven by the increasing use of smartphones, which accounted for 16% of all handset sales in the first quarter of 2009, and the increasing use of mobile applications. In the first quarter of 2009 11% of households had a mobile connection but no fixed-line connection, however, and more significantly, 22% of households in socioeconomic group DE are mobile-only. If cultural heritage institutions aim to not only increase visitor numbers but broaden their visitor demographics beyond ABC1 socioeconomic groups then mobile compatible web sites will be a crucial component. This change in online access patterns is equally important for the HEI partners in the project if they are to fulfil their ambition of making the fruits of academic research more accessible to the general public.

In addition to broadening and increasing access the mobile interface to the 'Mapping Sculpture' database enables in situ research, exploration and discovery. This is a significant paradigm shift in the way all users (academic and non-academic alike), can encounter, explore and interpret the sculpture immediately in front of them: There is a limit to the amount of information that object labels and information boards can contain. Even the most comprehensive exhibition catalogue would struggle to convey the multiple and complex relationships that the Mapping project has discovered. Providing online access can overcome these problems and was one of the key drivers in providing an online, open access database in the original project. However, online access through fixed-line internet connections ties the user to their desk and dislocates the additional information from the object. Wireless internet connection through a laptop is one solution to this problem but is ultimately compromised by the variable availability of Wi-Fi hotspots, the bulk and expense of laptops and their still limited battery life in comparison to mobile phones.

The 'Mobilising Mapping' project will also enhance the functionality for users through the new mobile interface. The interface will add personalisation functionality enabling users to save information from the database into a personal folder. This enables users to build their own 'virtual collection' of records for later research, study or sharing. This service can combine reference to data on the project website with other online resources by providing the facility to share the record links via users existing research, study, social and networking structures such as delicious.com, Facebook, Digg and iGoogle thus further disseminating the valuable resources of the project.

Planned Impact

*Who will benefit from this research?

The beneficiaries of 'Mobilising Mapping' will include, but not be limited to, those already identified in 'Mapping Sculpture' (See 'Case for Support: Expected Usage of Digital Outputs, Databases and Resources'.) Public sector agencies such as those responsible for physical environment, planning and conservation; commercial/private/professional sectors including architectural practices, conservation businesses, the art market; the third sector (in particular museums galleries and related charitable organizations); media researchers working on arts programmes and publications; the wider educational sector (schools to FE); local communities and the general public.

Significantly, the mobile interface has the capacity to reach out to sections of society often considered hard to engage, such as audiences from the under 25s and over 65s and those from lower socio-economic sectors, for all of whom the mobile phone is becoming a ubiquitous means of access to information (see 'Case for Support - Research Context').

*How will they benefit from this research?

The mobile interface will be attractive to the users listed above: curators researching, cataloguing and disseminating collections and exhibitions and heritage workers documenting and managing the preservation of buildings and monuments. In the commercial/private sector and professional/practitioner groups (for example, architects, and those concerned with conservation/renovation of buildings and the urban environment) will benefit from the mobility of this research tool and the personalised research portfolio feature. This also applies to media and freelance researchers and to those from the wider education field. The latter will be able to utilise the search mechanisms when on group or individual study visits to augment and enrich aspects of the national curriculum. A broad section of the public interested in local, regional, family history as well as the creative arts can explore specific names, locations, business and the relationships between these.

*What will be done to ensure that they have the opportunity to benefit from this research?

The Mapping Sculpture website and mobile interface will be actively promoted using social networking tools including Twitter and Facebook. The addition of convenient links to add the Mapping Sculpture site to all of the major social networking sites (including del.icio.us, Digg and iGoogle) will enhance public engagement.

The new mobile interface will be promoted on the University of Glasgow, V&A and HMI websites. Links with other institutions will be cultivated, with particular emphasis given to leveraging third sector organizations' existing dissemination channels and links with schools, colleges and industry.

'Mobilising Mapping's' third sector partners (the V&A and the HMI) house the largest collections of sculpture relating to the period and geographic range of 'Mapping Sculpture' in the UK. Thus they provide a most effective and cost efficient means of raising awareness of this research amongst its target audience. The mobile interface will be advertised by using appropriate signage in exhibitions that coincide with the launch of 'Mapping Sculpture': Meetings - Materials - Maker' (V&A November 2010 - May 2011) and Mapping the Practices of Sculpture (HMI October 2010-October 2011). (See Impact Plan for further details of object availability and visitor numbers.)

The launch of the mobile interface will take place at the final 'Mapping Sculpture' conference (18-19 February 2011). This international event open to the general public as well as academic researchers will take place in the Sackler Wing of the V&A.
 
Title Mapping Sculpture an exhibition of 32 objects at the V&A, in the Gilbert Bayes Gallery, Room 111 which lasted from 12 November 2010 - 15 May 2011. 
Description an exhibition of 32 objects from the V&A in the Gilbert Bayes Gallery, Room 111 open to the public free admission 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2011 
Impact Disseminating the material basis of the projects 'Mapping Sculpture' and 'Mobilising Mapping' to the public through a designated display over a period of 6 months at the V&A 
 
Description The overarching objective of Mobilising Mapping was to develop a web interface, personalization features and social networking tools to the Mapping Sculpture database that was optimized for use with a wide range of mobile devices including web-enabled mobile phones (featurephones and smartphones) and tablet devices. The rationale behind this development was that it would facilitate in situ engagement, exploration and research and enable users to collate and share their interaction with Mapping Sculpture through personalization features and social networking tools. Additional benefits would come through being able to engage the wider public in an innovative way, particularly new audiences outside academia, for whom mobile phone access is becoming ubiquitous. The latter was a particularly important consideration for the project's museum partners, the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Henry Moore Institute.
Exploitation Route Further research needs to be undertaken on the uptake, viability and use of mobile devices for enhanced engagement and understanding within the museum and gallery context. Whilst there are range of possible applications of mobile and related technologies, we do not yet have a good enough understanding of how and why users might benefit, what type of activity they best support and the most effective means of deployment.
Sectors Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL http://www.glasgow.ac.uk/mappingsculpture
 
Description We have a far better understanding of the barriers to use of mobile technology in the cultural heritage sector from the users perspective. Our capability to develop appropriate functional and technical specifications has been enhanced. Our understanding of effective user evaluation methods has been improved. These findings are being used in the HLF funded Kelvin Hall (Glasgow) redevelopment project which includes developing an online portal to collections that is optimised for mobile use.
First Year Of Impact 2012
Sector Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

 
Title The projects primary output - A free access online database at http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/ - contains over 50,000 records instead of c.6,000 entries as planned. 
Description Mapping Sculpture is a free access online database delivering the first authoritative and comprehensive view of sculptural practice between the Great Exhibition and the Festival of Britain. It documents c.3,500 sculptors, 2,750 related practitioners and 10,000 businesses (e.g. potteries and die-sinkers) adding substantially to the current knowledge base. Contextual entries on: 125 art schools; 120 art societies; 1,300 exhibitions; and 700 other events (e.g. sculpture courses and discussions) throw new light on the growth of art infrastructures and the connections formed by practitioners. Around 15,000 object records reveal the range of the sculptural object and 16,000 addresses for artists and businesses deliver substantial new geographic data. Drawing on the power of MySQL and PHP the Mapping Sculpture database uses state of the art technology to deliver optimal search functionality. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2009 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Mapping Sculpture has a substantial international audience. Google Analytics shows that traffic to the project website remains very active. In the 12 months since the last report (i.e. 1 March 2017 to 28 February 2018) the site has 74,265 visitors, with 181,124 pages viewed. The majority of visitors come from the UK (67.31%), followed by the US (10.3%) then Australia (4.18%), Canada (3.03%) and Ireland(2.49%). The others come from 160 countries around the world. The scope of visitor figures reflecting the international reach of sculptors and businesses through immigration and overseas activities. Analysis of traffic to the site shows that around 80% of visitors come from Google (including Android searches). Other notable sources include Wikipedia and The Victorian Web (victorianweb.org). Once on the site, visitors primarily use the standard Search feature to locate what they want but they also make good use of the Browse facilities and the Advanced Search. However it is clear that most folk are coming directly to the record they have searched for via Google or another site. The single most popular record is the one for the Royal Academy of Arts Summer Exhibition ('The Exhibition of the Royal Academy of Arts (Summer Exhibition), 1768'). This is probably because the Royal Academy and Paul Mellon Centre are collaborating on an exhibition and publication to celebrate this exhibition's history and researchers for that project are using information on the site. Over the last decade there has been an explosion of interest globally in local and family history facilitated by sites such as ancestry.com (launched 2002) and popularised by television series like Who Do You Think You Are? (which attracts audiences of over 6 million in the UK alone). The c.3,800 feedback emails received by the project since it was launched in 2011 have demonstrated Mapping Sculpture's value and importance for this growing community of historians. Feedback received since the database launch in 2011 has amply tested and validated the academic advantages of Mapping Sculpture's methodology. Amongst the scholarly outcomes resulting from information already received are: the addition of depth and detail to numerous practitioner records; many new insights into business histories; and the disambiguation of around a hundred sculptors' identities. This fresh data has supported a range of undergraduate, post-graduate and academic research projects; answered many museum and archival collections enquiries; and provided assistance for heritage workers concerning preservation issues. During the last reporting period visitors to the website have made offers of documents and works which have been offered as gifts to public collections. More specifically, a friend of the sculptor James Woodford (1893-1976) owns a portrait called 'The Head of a Boy' and a maquette entitled 'The Deposition of Christ' (1924). The Project Director put her in touch with Leeds City Art Gallery (Henry Moore Institute) and they are now in negotiation about both works being acquired for the collection. Again, a descendant of John Starkie Gardner (the leading 19th century iron and art metalwork designer and author) contacted Mapping Sculpture because she has two scrapbooks containing photographs and documentary materials relating to her ancestor that were compiled during his lifetime. The owner wishes to place these items in a public collection. She has been put in touch with staff at the Victoria and Albert Museum by the Project Director and CI. The V&A already holds other Starkie Gardner material and the proposed gift has the potential to enhance the scholarly significance of these holdings. 
URL http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/
 
Description Your Sculpture 
Organisation Art UK
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution The PI, CI and Project Director of Mapping Sculpture and PI Mobilising Mapping are members of the steering group for the collaborative project 'Your Sculpture'. This is a project to record online with open access all sculpture in UK public collections. ArtUK received a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) for 2.8 million GBP on 21 March 2017 to fund stage 2 of the project. The Public Catalogue Foundation (PCF) now Art UK (Art UK is the successor to Your Paintings) is a joint initiative involving 3,000 museums and art collections as well as the BBC. The original estimate for the Your Sculpture Project indicated that there are upward of 150,000 sculpture works in UK public collections .
Collaborator Contribution Representatives from Mapping Sculpture, the Public Monuments and Sculpture Association (PMSA), and other sculpture specialists from national, regional museums and galleries and HEIs are members of the Steering Panel for Your Sculpture (see http://artuk.org/about/projects). The PI and CI of Mapping Sculpture and the PI of Mobilising Mapping were part of a working group that examined the categorisation of works defined as sculpture towards the completion of the development stage of 'Your Sculpture'. This included a group assessment of criteria in relation to the Oxford Museums and Collections in 2016, which was incorporated in the submission of the stage 2 bid to HLF. The Mapping Sculpture Database and Mobilising Mapping will be integral to the realisation of this project. The Project Director of Mapping Sculpture has been invited to deliver 5 training sessions in Bristol, London (2), Leeds and Glasgow to introduce ArtUK staff to the history, terminology, and methods and materials of sculpture. The sessions will take place between March and May 2018.
Impact There are no formal outputs or outcomes from this collaboration at the development stage. The subjects included are, art history, curation, design history, ethnography, history.
Start Year 2014
 
Description Conference 'Mapping Sculpture', Victoria and Albert Museum, 25-26 February 2011. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The mobile interface for the 'Mapping Sculpture' database was launched at the 'Mapping Sculpture' Conference held in the Sackler Wing of the V&A, 25-26 February 2011 with signage in the exhibitions that formed part of the project held at the project's partner institutions, the V&A (November 2010-2011) and the Leeds Art Gallery in conjunction with the Henry Moore Institute Leeds November 2010- October 2011) with presentations by the project's systems developer, the PI and CI of the project.

The papers presented at the conference provoked discussion and contributions from attendees relating to the findings and future of the project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
URL http://sculpture.gla.ac.uk/