Welfare and public health in Belfast and the north of Ireland, c.1800-1973 (Resubmission)
Lead Research Organisation:
Queen's University Belfast
Department Name: Sch of History and Anthropology
Abstract
This is a collaborative research and dissemination project on the welfare and public health history of Belfast and its hinterland, informed by three interlinked and co-ordinated case studies focusing on specific dimensions of that history. These elements are:
1. Welfare and Public Health in Belfast and the North of Ireland 1800-1973
The keystone element of the project combines all four project researchers, with institutional and external collaborators, in producing shared research and impact-related outputs on the history of poverty, welfare and public health in Belfast and its hinterland over the period between the Act of Union and the restructuring of public health administration in 1973 following the termination of majoritarian devolved government in Northern Ireland. The PI and two RAs will produce a number of collaborative research articles and jointly edit a collection of essays drawn from a summative conference. Collaborators drawn from four other universities and Social Policy at Queen's will be actively involved in workshops and the conference. Impact activities include a project website, exhibition, public workshops and a projected television documentary.
2. 'Whited Sepulchres? Poor relief, public health and the decline of the civic ideal: Belfast c. 1840-1939': Dr. Olwen Purdue (RA1)
This sub-project will examine the contradiction between Belfast's public face of civic pride and municipal improvement and the reality of poverty, disease and death that stalked its streets throughout much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It will provide the first comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with poverty and disease and the effectiveness of public and private responses to these in a city at once characterised by deep cultural and political divisions. This study focuses principally on the Belfast Poor Law Union (established 1840) and its relationship with civic authorities, the state and local government.
3. 'Poverty and public health in Belfast and its hinterland 1898-1973': Dr. Peter Martin (RA2)
This sub-project will study the relationship between public health and poverty 1898-1973. The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 consolidated the organisation of public health in Belfast. The reformed urban authority had to cope with several problems, particularly in sanitation and housing. When Northern Ireland was established in 1920, it inherited a relatively poor standard of public health and a delicate political balance between Belfast Corporation and the devolved provincial government. This project will examine the 'step by step' agenda of Stormont policy and the reluctant embrace of the welfare state by Belfast policymakers after 1945. A significant reform of public health in 1973 marks the end of the study. Public health policy emerged through many layers including the devolved government of Northern Ireland and the civic and other local government bodies of the Belfast region and was influenced by a variety of stakeholders including religious leaders, medical professionals and employers. The study considers Northern Ireland as the first devolved 'welfare periphery' within the UK, and uses the Belfast region as a case study locus in implementation of policy and patient experience.
4. 'Poverty, poor relief and public health in Belfast and its region 1800-1851': Ph.D. supervised by Prof. P. Gray.
This project will build on Gray's work on the origins of the Irish Poor Law to investigate the specific structures and dynamics of poverty in the north-east of Ireland in the decades between the Union, the Famine, and the Medical Charities Act of 1851. It will focus on the developing town of Belfast, the 'linen triangle' to its south-west and the rural hinterlands of counties Antrim, Down and Armagh. It will evaluate voluntary poor and medical relief structures and the debate on a poor law, and consider the distinctiveness of NE Ulster as a welfare region of both Ireland and the UK.
1. Welfare and Public Health in Belfast and the North of Ireland 1800-1973
The keystone element of the project combines all four project researchers, with institutional and external collaborators, in producing shared research and impact-related outputs on the history of poverty, welfare and public health in Belfast and its hinterland over the period between the Act of Union and the restructuring of public health administration in 1973 following the termination of majoritarian devolved government in Northern Ireland. The PI and two RAs will produce a number of collaborative research articles and jointly edit a collection of essays drawn from a summative conference. Collaborators drawn from four other universities and Social Policy at Queen's will be actively involved in workshops and the conference. Impact activities include a project website, exhibition, public workshops and a projected television documentary.
2. 'Whited Sepulchres? Poor relief, public health and the decline of the civic ideal: Belfast c. 1840-1939': Dr. Olwen Purdue (RA1)
This sub-project will examine the contradiction between Belfast's public face of civic pride and municipal improvement and the reality of poverty, disease and death that stalked its streets throughout much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It will provide the first comprehensive analysis of the problems associated with poverty and disease and the effectiveness of public and private responses to these in a city at once characterised by deep cultural and political divisions. This study focuses principally on the Belfast Poor Law Union (established 1840) and its relationship with civic authorities, the state and local government.
3. 'Poverty and public health in Belfast and its hinterland 1898-1973': Dr. Peter Martin (RA2)
This sub-project will study the relationship between public health and poverty 1898-1973. The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 consolidated the organisation of public health in Belfast. The reformed urban authority had to cope with several problems, particularly in sanitation and housing. When Northern Ireland was established in 1920, it inherited a relatively poor standard of public health and a delicate political balance between Belfast Corporation and the devolved provincial government. This project will examine the 'step by step' agenda of Stormont policy and the reluctant embrace of the welfare state by Belfast policymakers after 1945. A significant reform of public health in 1973 marks the end of the study. Public health policy emerged through many layers including the devolved government of Northern Ireland and the civic and other local government bodies of the Belfast region and was influenced by a variety of stakeholders including religious leaders, medical professionals and employers. The study considers Northern Ireland as the first devolved 'welfare periphery' within the UK, and uses the Belfast region as a case study locus in implementation of policy and patient experience.
4. 'Poverty, poor relief and public health in Belfast and its region 1800-1851': Ph.D. supervised by Prof. P. Gray.
This project will build on Gray's work on the origins of the Irish Poor Law to investigate the specific structures and dynamics of poverty in the north-east of Ireland in the decades between the Union, the Famine, and the Medical Charities Act of 1851. It will focus on the developing town of Belfast, the 'linen triangle' to its south-west and the rural hinterlands of counties Antrim, Down and Armagh. It will evaluate voluntary poor and medical relief structures and the debate on a poor law, and consider the distinctiveness of NE Ulster as a welfare region of both Ireland and the UK.
Planned Impact
Who will benefit from the research?
The principal non-academic beneficiaries will be the public of Belfast and its hinterland in Northern Ireland. The historical experience of welfare and public health has touched virtually every family in the city, and we anticipate significant levels of local public interest in our research outputs. The project addresses a central element of the social history of the city and offers an alternative to the hegemonic sectarian narrative of the city's history.
Specific audiences include:
Civil society bodies such as local history societies and genealogical groups
Schools, particularly 6th-form history students
Northern Ireland's print and broadcast media
Local charities and relief organisations, such as the Simon Community, Shelter, and the DePaul Trust
How will they benefit?
Many of the impact activities related to this research project - public workshops, exhibitions and media production - will allow historical groups, charities and the wider public to explore, in a range of different and easily accessible ways, the social history of their city and communities, with particular focus on the themes of poverty, welfare and public health. Our aim is to employ a range of impact strategies in order to interest members of the public in the social history of the city, to raise public awareness of how this fitted into a wider context of social and political change in Ireland, Britain and Europe and to encourage them to engage in personal research into the historical experience of their family or community, thereby bridging the divide between academic and popular history.
Students of history in schools will benefit from exhibition and access to articles on the social history of welfare and public health which will be made available on the Irish History Live website, linked to the project website, and from the planned documentary on the social history of welfare and public health in Belfast.
What will be done to ensure they benefit?
In 2013 Belfast will celebrate the 400th anniversary of its founding charter. Working closely with Belfast City Council's heritage officer, Robert Heslip, we plan to integrate our impact activities with the city's commemorations of this milestone, working to locate the history of welfare and public health at the centre of these events.
Specifically, we will work with Belfast City Council to host a public presentation at the Linen Hall Library, Belfast.
A public exhibition will be organised to represent through artefacts, text and photographic images the social history of welfare and public health in Belfast. This will be hosted by the Ulster Museum in collaboration with National Museums of Northern Ireland staff.
A series of public workshops with local historical societies will be organised, led by the PI and RAs. A further workshop to which representatives of local charities and relief agencies will be invited will explore the implications of our research for contemporary social questions.
We are already working with a television production company with the aim of creating a trailer for a TV documentary on the history of poverty and welfare in 19th-20th century Belfast. If successful, this will be pitched to a regional/national broadcaster (BBCNI, UTV, RTE, etc.) for broadcast in 2013-14.
We will provide press releases to the local press (Belfast Telegraph, Irish News, Belfast Newsletter, Irish Times), and to BBCNI & UTV highlighting aspects of the project and its public significance. This will be timed to coincide with the summative conference in September 2014.
Our project website, hosted by QUB, will offer information on the project, non-academic oriented summaries of research findings, images, and guides to sources and further reading
Short essays on the project's findings will be provided for the schools-oriented website 'Irish History Live' (http://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/irishhistorylive/), which is hosted by QUB.
The principal non-academic beneficiaries will be the public of Belfast and its hinterland in Northern Ireland. The historical experience of welfare and public health has touched virtually every family in the city, and we anticipate significant levels of local public interest in our research outputs. The project addresses a central element of the social history of the city and offers an alternative to the hegemonic sectarian narrative of the city's history.
Specific audiences include:
Civil society bodies such as local history societies and genealogical groups
Schools, particularly 6th-form history students
Northern Ireland's print and broadcast media
Local charities and relief organisations, such as the Simon Community, Shelter, and the DePaul Trust
How will they benefit?
Many of the impact activities related to this research project - public workshops, exhibitions and media production - will allow historical groups, charities and the wider public to explore, in a range of different and easily accessible ways, the social history of their city and communities, with particular focus on the themes of poverty, welfare and public health. Our aim is to employ a range of impact strategies in order to interest members of the public in the social history of the city, to raise public awareness of how this fitted into a wider context of social and political change in Ireland, Britain and Europe and to encourage them to engage in personal research into the historical experience of their family or community, thereby bridging the divide between academic and popular history.
Students of history in schools will benefit from exhibition and access to articles on the social history of welfare and public health which will be made available on the Irish History Live website, linked to the project website, and from the planned documentary on the social history of welfare and public health in Belfast.
What will be done to ensure they benefit?
In 2013 Belfast will celebrate the 400th anniversary of its founding charter. Working closely with Belfast City Council's heritage officer, Robert Heslip, we plan to integrate our impact activities with the city's commemorations of this milestone, working to locate the history of welfare and public health at the centre of these events.
Specifically, we will work with Belfast City Council to host a public presentation at the Linen Hall Library, Belfast.
A public exhibition will be organised to represent through artefacts, text and photographic images the social history of welfare and public health in Belfast. This will be hosted by the Ulster Museum in collaboration with National Museums of Northern Ireland staff.
A series of public workshops with local historical societies will be organised, led by the PI and RAs. A further workshop to which representatives of local charities and relief agencies will be invited will explore the implications of our research for contemporary social questions.
We are already working with a television production company with the aim of creating a trailer for a TV documentary on the history of poverty and welfare in 19th-20th century Belfast. If successful, this will be pitched to a regional/national broadcaster (BBCNI, UTV, RTE, etc.) for broadcast in 2013-14.
We will provide press releases to the local press (Belfast Telegraph, Irish News, Belfast Newsletter, Irish Times), and to BBCNI & UTV highlighting aspects of the project and its public significance. This will be timed to coincide with the summative conference in September 2014.
Our project website, hosted by QUB, will offer information on the project, non-academic oriented summaries of research findings, images, and guides to sources and further reading
Short essays on the project's findings will be provided for the schools-oriented website 'Irish History Live' (http://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/irishhistorylive/), which is hosted by QUB.
Organisations
- Queen's University Belfast (Lead Research Organisation)
- Belfast Charitable Society (Collaboration)
- Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (Collaboration)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (Collaboration)
- QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST (Collaboration)
- National Museums Northern Ireland (Collaboration)
- Green Shoots Productions Limited (Collaboration)
Publications
Laragy G
(2013)
A 'hollow and unsubstantial prosperity': poverty in nineteenth-century Meath
in Riocht na Midhe
Laragy G
(2016)
"For whose benefit these burdens must be taken": Children, Employment, and Training in Northern Ireland, 1921-1939
in The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth
Lucey D
(2022)
Irish partition and poor law reform in interwar Northern Ireland
in European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire
Lucey, D.S.
(2016)
Medicine, health and Irish experiences of conflict, 1914-45
| Description | One of the most significant achievements has been the gathering of a significant amount of data on the ways in which the poor of C19-20 Belfast used a range of welfare institutions as part of an 'economy of makeshifts'. This has been labour-intensive and time-consuming but provides a rich seam of information on the ways in which different groups within society engaged with welfare provision and how that changed over time. Belfast's experience of historical poverty and poor relief has been found to have had close parallels to other UK industrial cities, but with areas of variance determined distinct Irish social legislation (and after 1921 devolved legislation passed in Northern Ireland); by the high degree of communal polarisation characteristic of Belfast's demographic development and political history; and by the continuing high level of church-led philanthropy that continued into the 20th century and became strongly associated with communal identities up to and to some extent beyond the Second World War. Belfast and Northern Ireland's experience of public health provision was found to be shaped by similar pressures up to (and in the case of Catholic health care well beyond) the formation of the NHS, in a devolved context, in the 1940s. Another rewarding aspect if the project has been the development of a network of scholars working on many aspects of welfare history in Ireland, the UK and beyond, and of archives and organisations relating to the history of welfare in Belfast. This provides an excellent basis for collaborative work in the future, something that is already being explored. The award objectives were largely met, and will reach final completion with the submission of the project PhD (Sept. 2016) and submission of manuscripts of the two project monographs). Historical understanding of the development of welfare and public health in nineteenth and twentieth-century Belfast has been enhanced and the findings shared with academics and with the general public in a wide range of ways. Both monographs will be submitted to publishers in 2021 for publication in 2022 (delayed due to Covid-19). One of the more difficult aspects of the project has been to develop a 'bottom up' approach, one which uncovers the lived experiences of the poor. This is a challenge in any context, but particularly in Ireland where many of the sources that might be available to scholars in other regions do not exist. However, there have been some small successes in finding previously undiscovered collections of letters and other sources which will not only enhance the outputs from this project but will provide a good basis for further research activities. |
| Exploitation Route | We anticipate the academic outputs to be used by scholars working the fields of Irish/Ulster history; comparative urban history; comparative welfare and public health history; history of childhood. Dr Olwen Purdue plans to apply for funding for two new research projects each of which will build on the research carried out in this project. The first of these will take the form of an application to the AHRC for follow-on funding in order to develop an outreach project with young people. This will engage young people from different parts of the city in research and dramatic representations relating to the history of poverty and welfare in their area using material and sources uncovered in new and innovative ways. The second will be a funding application either to RCUK or the ERC for a collaborative project which will explore urban health and welfare in an international comparative context. Building on the work carried out on the history of welfare and public health in Belfast, this will seek to explore the ways in which the health of cities is perceived and protected. Comparisons will be made between the historic context of Belfast and more recent urban experiences in Brazil and India. We are optimistic that the public impact of our research will still be enhanced by the commissioning of a full documentary by BBNCI. Our professional standard trailer is complete and will be submitted to BBC in 2016. This has the potential to raise a wide audience. We continue to work with key partners (PRONI, NMNI, Belfast Charitable Society) in impact-related activities to advance public understanding of the research. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| URL | https://blogs.qub.ac.uk/belfastpovhist/ |
| Description | We have reached extensive public audiences across Belfast, including hard-to-reach teenagers from some of the more socially-deprived regions of the city. This has been achieved through dramatic performances, exhibitions, public talks, BBC web and radio, and the production of a documentary and is generating significant interest in an aspect of the city's history that has largely been overlooked. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
| Sector | Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| Impact Types | Cultural,Societal |
| Description | Belfast Charitable Society |
| Organisation | Belfast Charitable Society |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | Dr Olwen Purdue (CI) has been appointed by Belfast Charitable Society to lead a small research project involving creating a detailed inventory of the society's extensive archive currently housed in a number of locations including the Linen Hall Library, PRONI and Clifton House. BCS has funded the sub-project to the value of £10,000. |
| Collaborator Contribution | BCS has hosted Research Project events (2014 conference; filming for project video 2015); and opened access to its archival collections. |
| Impact | Annotated inventory of the BCS Archive |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | Green Shoot Productions |
| Organisation | Green Shoots Productions Limited |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Private |
| PI Contribution | Olwen Purdue worked with playwright Martin Lynch and groups of young people from different parts of the city in developing content for a new play on the Outdoor Relief Riots in 1930s Belfast. The work, in collaboration with Green Shoot Productions, led to dramatic presentations and an exhibition created by the young people, a series of public talks, a travelling exhibition and the production of 'The People of Gallagher Street, 1932', which was performed in the MAC, Belfast's new theatre and arts centre, in November 2016. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Theatrical production 'The People of Gallagher Street, 1932' |
| Impact | Theatrical production 'The People of Gallagher Street, 1932', MAC Theatre, Belfast, Oct-Nov 2016 |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | Institute for Collaborative Research in the Humanities |
| Organisation | Queen's University Belfast |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Project Group has formed part of an ICRH project research group 'Poverty and Famine in Ireland: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Perspectives' 2013-14, and organised two research events with ICRH funding. Dr Purdue (CI) seconded as ICRH research fellow for 2015-16; contribution to 'Gruelling ordeals: the workhouse diet' event, 12 Oct. 2015. |
| Collaborator Contribution | ICRH funding facilitated participation by three other research groups in research events led by AHRC project group members: 1. Poverty and Famine in Ireland: The Great Famine, its contexts and legacy 11-12 Apr 2014 2. Understanding Institutional and Residential Welfare and Public Health in Twentieth-Century Ireland and Britain, 28 Nov. 2014 3. Public workshop 'Gruelling ordeals: the workhouse diet' at Duncairn Centre, Belfast 12 Oct. 2015. |
| Impact | Succesful NWO funding bid for International Network of Irish Famine Studies (2014-17) Multi-disciplinary collaboration involving History, Literature, Art History, Memory Studies, Economics, Sociology |
| Start Year | 2013 |
| Description | International Network of Irish Famine Studies |
| Organisation | Radboud University Nijmegen |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Netherlands Research Council funding for network 2014-17, led by Radboud University Nijmegen with institutional partners Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki and Maynooth University. QUB hosted a preliminary conference 11-12 April 2014 involving all members of research team. Peter Gray contributed to successful NWO funding bid 2014, and further funding workshop, 26-27 Oct. 2014. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Speakers from RU Nijmegen and University of Helsinki contributed to Conference 'Poverty and Famine in Ireland: The Great Famine, its contexts and legacy', Clifton House, Belfast, 11-12 April 2014 |
| Impact | Conference 'Poverty and Famine in Ireland: The Great Famine, its contexts and legacy. Multi-disciplinary: History, Literature, Art History, Geography, Memory Studies |
| Start Year | 2014 |
| Description | NMNI - Modern History |
| Organisation | National Museums Northern Ireland |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Research Team involved in Academic Review Group for NMNI's new Modern History exhibitions at Ulster Museum; convened by P. Gray (PI) and involving O. Purdue (CI), G. Laragy (RF) and DS Lucet (RF). Advised on selection and description of artefacts for display relating to social and economic history of Ulster in 19th-20th centuries. Gallery exhibition launched 26 Nov. 2014. |
| Collaborator Contribution | HLF-funded project led by Dr William Blair, Head of Human History, NMNI. |
| Impact | Modern History Galleries exhibition, Ulster Museum. |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | PRONI - Surviving the City |
| Organisation | Public Record Office of Northern Ireland |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | Dr Purdue (CI) curated an exhibition 'Surviving the City' in collaboration with PRONI. This was launched in November 2015 and has since been exhibited in PRONI and in the McClay Library, QUB. It will shortly go on tour of public libraries and community centres across Belfast. The posters have also been made available online on our project website at: http://www.belfastpovhist.com/2015/12/01/surviving-the-city-posters/ A linked lunchtime public lecture series has been hosted by PRONI on various topics related to the exhibition. The lectures, delivered by members of the project team and others, are being held in PRONI throughout February and March, and so far have attracted good audiences (60+) |
| Collaborator Contribution | Exhibition research and co-curated, and lecture series convened by Dr Olwen Purdue (CI); exhibition launched by Prof Peter Gray (PI), 26 Dec. 2015. Lecture contributions in February-March by Dr Purdue (CI), Prof. Gray (PI) and Ms Atcheson (PhD student). |
| Impact | Exhibition as described above. |
| Start Year | 2015 |
| Description | 1932 - Belfast's Forgotten Year |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A workshop co-organised by Dr Olwen Purdue at the Linen Hall Library, Belfast (7.4.16). This panel of speakers (including Dr Purdue) explored the historical context for Belfast's outdoor relief riots of 1932. It was held as part of a series of public engagement activities relating to the 'People of Gallagher Street, 1932' theatre project in collaboration with playwright Martin Lynch. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | BBC Engagement - Sean Lucey |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Media engagement by Dr Sean Lucey (RF) 26 Nov. 2015: Good Morning Ulster, BBC Radio Ulster, Contributor to discussion on the history of elderly care 29 Dec. 2015: Good Morning Ulster, BBC Radio Ulster, Contributor to piece on medical history 4 Mar. 2016: Contributor to BBC One Television Series, 'The NHS and me'. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2006,2015 |
| Description | BBC Sunday Sequence |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
| Results and Impact | Interview of Dr Olwen Purdue on BBC Radio Ulster 'Sunday Sequence' on 12.2.17 on the release online of our project video 'Glenn Patterson's Belfast: A Tale of Two Cities'; to raise public awareness of the video, which was promoted through a URL link on the programme webpage. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08dr2nv |
| Description | Craigavon Historical Society |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Dr Purdue (CI) gave a talk on 'The medicalization of the Ulster workhouse 1880-1914' to Craigavon Historical Society in September 2015; followed by discussion. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | North Belfast Shared History Group |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Dr Purdue (CI) gave a talk on the shared history of poverty and welfare in Belfast to the North Belfast Shared History Group in November 2015, followed by discussion. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Public Engagement Event: Queen's Historians go to Gaol |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Presentations by all project group members discussed with participants through question and answer sessions. Presentations captured and made available more widely through project Vimeo channel, accessible through website. Event facilitated engagement with heritage professionals at host site, Crumlin Road Gaol, with potential for future collaborations. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
| URL | http://www.belfastpovhist.com/2013/03/26/queens-historians-go-to-gaol/ |