Connect2Aspire: Cultural engagements and young people's professional aspirations

Lead Research Organisation: Loughborough University
Department Name: Loughborough University in London

Abstract

This Fellowship will examine and promote the value of communication ecologies to afford new ways of seeing, examining and engaging with complex social challenges that cannot be dealt with through silo or monodisciplinary approaches.
A programme of RESEARCH will address a priority area in the UK government's 2017 Industrial Strategy Green Paper - Pillar 3: Developing skills, which emphasises the precariousness of the future job market and the need for future workers to upskill and reskill and engage in lifelong learning. Connect2Aspire will use communicative ecologies as a holistic framework to afford new ways to look at skills development and preparing youth for lifelong learning, shifting the focus from the triangle school-youth-employer to concentrate on young people, their information and communication practices and the interest-driven pursuit of learning opportunities distributed across the home, community, school, peer groups and cultural spaces.
My Fellowship builds on a research line on communicative ecologies, social networks and aspirations, which I have been pursuing for the past five years and which indicates the key role of aspirations for providing young people with drive, direction, informed choice and responsibility in pursuing life and career pathways. Building on the work of Indian anthropologist and sociologist Arjun Appadurai and economist Debraj Ray, I define aspirations as cultural capacities, which are formed, shaped and evolve in close connection to an individual's socio-cultural milieu, nurtured through meaningful social connections, and powerful drivers of behaviour and motivation.
Three research questions guide this study, dealing with understanding needs and gaps, scoping opportunities, and envisaging avenues for change:
(1) How do young people access and make sense of information to shape their professional aspirations and choose initial career directions?
(2) How can engagements in the cultural sector be leveraged to support young people in their professional aspirations and choices?
(3) What new structures, connections and cooperation pathways among local educational, community and cultural institutions can support young people to shape and pursue their professional aspirations and choices?
Working in collaboration with a cultural sector, an academic and two non-profit partners, I will design and conduct a community ethnography in Coventry and a study on cultural engagements in cultural sites and museums. Findings will shed light on how young people's aspirations and initial professional choices are shaped by the cultural and communicative practices and networks they are engaged in, and how these are embedded in broader socio-economic structures. On this basis, I will provide recommendations on new structures that connect among the educational, community and cultural sectors in a locality, aligned to young people's interests, needs and their information seeking practices.
A LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT programme will enable me to establish intellectual leadership in ecological approaches to communication studies, apply them to address sectoral needs in the UK, and shape new research agendas that bring communication and media studies in dialogue with other disciplines for socially engaged and policy relevant research. Leadership capabilities will be honed through a combination of mentorship, training, and opportunities to demonstrate leadership in the organisation of events addressing academic, practice and public audiences.
Outputs include 3 sector-targeted reports, a methodological toolkit for mapping young people's cultural and communication practices and aspiration pathways, 3 journal articles, a monograph, and 2 policy-informing briefings. Findings will be disseminated towards academic, practice, local community and policy audiences through a seminar at the Victoria and Albert Museum, 3 conference presentations, two postgraduate research workshops, and a final symposium in Coventry.

Planned Impact

This Fellowship addresses five categories of beneficiaries, reached through a combination of events, publications, web communication, and stakeholder engagement in knowledge exchanges:
(1) The UK cultural sector and museums in particular will deepen understanding of how cultural and creative engagements can shape young people's aspirations and inform their professional choices; and how they can strengthen cooperation with community and educational actors to create new support structures for young people's skills development and career orientation. Relevant outputs include 2 reports on the role of cultural and community engagements for shaping young people's professional aspirations. These reports will be published on the project website with updates on social media, disseminated by the V&A partner museum, sent in direct communications to my network of contacts in the cultural and museum sector, and findings shared in a dissemination seminar at the V&A. I will also disseminate findings in a national and international conference addressing museum practitioner and academic audiences.
(2) Local stakeholders in Coventry include Coventry youth, local communities, museums, cultural, and educational institutions and the Coventry City Council. Collaboration with these groups is built in the research design. Two participatory workshops will be organised to discuss findings and policy implications for Coventry. The second workshop will be relevant especially for local cultural professionals, and will engage them to shed light on new connections between the school, the community and the cultural sector to better support and orient Coventry youth. A tailored report on Coventry, 'Culture, communication and the professional aspirations of Coventry's young people' will be made available through the project website, disseminated through social media and through e-newsletters by partner organisations, and a printed summary distributed at the final Symposium on findings and implications. The Symposium will be organised in Coventry's iconic St. Mary's Guildhall, where partners and local stakeholders will be invited, as well as being open to the general public.
(3) Policy makers are addressed at local and national level. Findings will be interpreted to shed light on entry points and new approaches for youth support structures that mobilise local community, cultural and educational actors and resources. A local policy briefing will be delivered to the Coventry City Council; a briefing of national scope will be developed following
training for policy engagement, addressing DCMS and UKCES.
(4) Postgraduate researchers in media, communication, cultural studies and education will be addressed through two workshops on visual methods for youth engagement in research, the first involving Doctorate of Education (DoE) professional students at Bournemouth University and the second PGRs in Media and Creative Industries at Loughborough University London. This is expected to contribute to innovating research methodology in their respective fields of study and encourage openness to inter and cross-disciplinary approaches. The DoE students are professional teachers; the workshop and a seminar delivered during their residential practice will contribute as well to disseminate the findings of this project in professional educator circles, and strengthen awareness of the value of out of school cultural engagements for skills building and career orientation.
(5) General public. This Fellowship will inform public views on the value of cultural engagements for skills building and informing career trajectories, and shape attitudes favourable to lifelong learning. Public dissemination activities include regular communication on outcomes through the project website and social media, a public dissemination event in Coventry, and one article submitted to The Conversation.
 
Description The main research aim of this Fellowship was to explore new approaches for mobilising cultural, creative and community resources to provide skills development and lifelong learning opportunities for UK's young people, aligned to their interests and aspirations. As of March 2023, a research strand on the Victoria and Albert Museum's Young People's Programme involved 83 young people who attended V&A events; this dataset was analysed jointly with data from a V&A pilot study that preceded this Fellowship, for a total of 265 young people consulted overall. An additional data corpus collected through a community ethnography in Coventry included the views of 20 young people with a migrant background as well as 20 practitioners from community, cultural and creative organisations. Key findings are summarised below:

A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR ASPIRATIONS DEVELOPMENT: The original perspective brought by this research comes from interpreting the formation of aspirations in an ontological and epistemological framework drawing on assemblage theory, as expounded by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Manuel DeLanda (DeLanda 2016). According to assemblage theory, our physical and social worlds are made by assemblages of assemblages, which can be broken down by analysis to ever smaller units. The formation of aspirations in this study is analysed as part of constant interactions between young people and diverse social and communicative assemblages, from family and schools to mediated interpersonal networks, where they constantly exchange information and exercise their capacities. This original perspective has been used to shed light on how information and identity shape aspirations, how aspirations drive behaviour, and the key role played by influence and support structures in the development and fulfilment of aspirations.

CREATIVE APPROACHES FOR ENGAGING YOUNG PEOPLE IN ASPIRATIONS RESEARCH: One of the key outcomes of this project, the Aspirations Mapping Toolkit has been designed to support research and engaged practice with young people finding themselves at a crossroads, having to make choices that will define the rest of their life and career pathways. The toolkit includes three stand-alone components, each emphasising a different approach for engaging young people: (1) Aspirations mapping with participatory photography; (2) Aspirations mapping and communicative ecologies; and (3) Game-like approaches for mapping pathways to creative careers.

MUSEUMS AND YOUNG PEOPLE'S CREATIVE CAREERS: To shed light on how cultural institutions can support young people with skill building and career orientation, this study looked at: 1) segmentation of young people according to their interests, needs and motivation patterns; 2) the range of influencers that shape their career choices; and 3) information needs and challenges for career choice and progression. In collaboration with the V&A's Young People's Team, we mapped young people's different interests and motivation patterns for creative careers, and we identified five profiles of young people to whom cultural institutions can target different types of programmes and activities. We analysed the role of museums amidst a range of influencers that shape young people's career choices, from creative professionals and schools to social media. The study suggests that the role of the museum is best understood as that of an actor in an ecology of organisations and resources that support young people in different ways, and in which the museum's contribution is not restricted to skills development, but also plays a role in shaping attitudes and mediating between young people and sectors and actors otherwise difficult to reach, such as creative professionals.

(RE)ENGAGING YOUNG LEARNERS THROUGH INTEREST-BASED LEARNING APPROACHES: Part of the research was concerned with understanding how museums and other cultural institutions might engage young people from disadvantaged backgrounds, not in education, employment and training, or who may otherwise have had disappointing experiences with formal education. Findings shed light on how museums may kindle or rekindle a double connection: with museums as places of inspiration, knowledge exchange and skill building; and with education as a process that includes but goes beyond learning in schools. Outcomes include an identification of engagement factors around interest-based learning, mirroring the views and needs of the young people consulted for this research.

For further information, please see the Connect2Aspire outcomes: https://connect2aspire.lboro.ac.uk/outcomes-overview/

References
DeLanda, M. (2016). Assemblage theory. Edinburgh University Press.
Exploitation Route NON-ACADEMIC IMPACTS:
(1) Through the aspirations development model and insights about young people's interests and challenges in accessing and progressing careers, this study sheds light on how engagements in the cultural sector are best integrated in youth training and career trajectories and how the cultural sector can cooperate with community and educational actors to design them. These findings will be relevant for the UK cultural sector (museums in particular). Given the rich ethnographic research on young people in Coventry, the findings will be relevant as well for Coventry stakeholders, including young people, local communities, museums and cultural institutions, educational institutions and the Coventry City Council.
(2) The aspirations mapping toolkit addresses researchers and practitioners whose interest in working with and supporting young people might be associated with different areas: career development, social care, communication for social change, formal and informal education. Practice-based researchers might use these insights in order to devise novel, richer data collection protocols for investigating the relationship between aspirations, communication and creative engagement. Toolkit materials include applied practical guidance for data collection via aspirations mapping workshops and theoretical insight for analysing data in consideration of the multi-disciplinary body of theory surrounding aspirations research. Practitioners can find within a series of guidelines and templates for aspirations mapping workshops with young people, which they can use as such or adapt for their contexts.

ACADEMIC IMPACT: In media and communication studies, this study will establish the value of frameworks drawing on ecological perspectives and assemblage theory to explore complex issues whose understanding requires holistic thinking. The aspirations development model firmly establishes the crucial role of communication and social interaction in aspirations development, and linkages with identity and competence building. The Connect2Aspire toolkit further offers engaged, creative approaches for exploring the interplay between aspiration formation and communication practices, with potential to generate deep, reflexive data.
In cultural and museum studies, the findings advance scholarship on the role that museums can play in supporting young people to overcome two crucial challenges as they seek to embark on a creative career: the complex process of career choice; and obstacles around industry access.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL https://connect2aspire.lboro.ac.uk/outcomes-overview/
 
Description Aspirations have generated significant interest in scholarly, third sector and policy circles in the UK and beyond, already in the decade preceding the start of this project. This interest generated a body of theory and a series of interventions and case studies for 'raising' aspirations in disadvantaged environments as means for generating positive social change (UK Cabinet Office's former Social Exclusion Task Force - SETF 2008). However, these initiatives were also met with a wide-ranging critique of the underlying premises of Government initiatives, thought to assign blame to individuals for poverty and under-attainment, for what are considered to be in reality structural inequalities (see for example Spohrer 2011; Spohrer, Stahl and Bowers-Brown 2018). This project sought to redress the balance by placing young people at the centre of aspirations research and generated insight on approaches and methods for enabling young people themselves to become aware of their inner drives and aspirations and the consequences of their life and career choices and associated consequences. These insights have been integrated in the Connect2Aspire toolkit, which offers three approaches to engaging young people in exploring aspirations and career pathways: 1) Aspirations mapping through creative engagement (photography); 2) Aspirations mapping through social and communicative practices; and 3) Game-like, playful approaches to mapping pathways to creative careers. At present, the Fellow is collaborating with a global charity with a mission for supporting young people at the margins, to adapt the Connect2Aspire toolkit and explore its use in refugee camps in Kenya. A pilot project is planned for the second half of 2023, and depending on the pilot results, the aim is to produce an extension of the toolkit specifically addressing refugees and young people from severely deprived global contexts. References Spohrer, K. (2011). Deconstructing 'Aspiration': UK Policy Debates and European Policy Trends. European Educational Research Journal, 10(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2011.10.1.53 Spohrer, K., Stahl, G. & Bowers-Brown, T. (2018) Constituting neoliberal subjects? 'Aspiration' as technology of government in UK policy discourse, Journal of Education Policy, 33:3, 327-342. DOI: 10.1080/02680939.2017.1336573 UK Cabinet Office's former Social Exclusion Task Force - SETF (2008). Aspiration and attainment amongst young people in deprived communities. Department for Schools, Children and Families.
First Year Of Impact 2023
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education
Impact Types Societal

 
Title Aspirations Mapping Toolkit 
Description The Aspirations Mapping Toolkit has been designed to support research and engaged practice with young people having to make choices that will define the rest of their lives and professional careers. From a perspective centred on the young person and their needs, the toolkit is first and foremost an instrument for raising awareness about participants' aspirations and for encouraging reflection about the role they could fill in building meaningful, rewarding professional pathways. The toolkit includes three stand-alone components, each emphasising a different approach for engaging young people in workshop-based experiences: (1) Aspirations mapping with participatory photography; (2) Aspirations mapping and communicative ecologies; and (3) Game-like approaches for mapping pathways to creative careers. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2023 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact At present, the Fellow is collaborating with a global charity with a mission for supporting young people at the margins, to explore the use of the Aspirations Mapping Toolkit with young people in refugee camps in Kenya. A pilot project is planned for the second half of 2023. Depending on the pilot results, the aim is to develop a modular extension of the toolkit specifically addressing young refugees as well as young people from severely disadvantaged global contexts. 
URL https://connect2aspire.lboro.ac.uk/outcomes/aspirations-mapping-toolkit/
 
Description Fellowship website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This is the dedicated website of this Fellowship, which provides information about Fellowship activities, events and outcomes. The website will be updated on an on-going basis.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL http://connect2aspire.lboro.ac.uk/
 
Description Fourteenth International Conference The Inclusive Museum 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The presentation <"The Museum Who Cares": Tapping into the Art of Relevance for Diversifying Young People Audiences> was delivered online at the Fourteenth International Conference on the Inclusive Museum (September 20121). The presentation had 115 engagements, mainly from an academic audience.

ABSTRACT

Young people, particularly if coming from disadvantaged or economically deprived communities, are an audience notoriously difficult to reach out to by museums. Drawing on Nina Simon's concept of "relevance", this paper explores how museums can change young people's perceptions and build relationships by filling a genuine need in their lives. The focus in this paper is on young people who are grappling with difficulties in getting a start on creative careers, and how museums can play a supportive role to fill this gap. The paper presents findings from a research study on two editions of a five-day photography course offered as part of the Victoria and Albert Museum's Young People's Programme in 2018 and 2020. The courses addressed young people not in education, employment or training and have been run by the V&A in collaboration with two local charities. Workshop sessions were held alternatively at the V&A in South Kensington and in East London locations. Based on a rich qualitative dataset that gathered the views of 27 young people via focus groups, surveys, observation and analysis of creative outputs, the paper analyses young people's needs and expectations when joining the workshop, modes of engagement and outcomes, and interprets them through the theoretical lens of 'relevance'. Findings show how the V&A experience filled a genuine need in young people's creative career orientation, and in turns how this contributed to changing young people's perceptions about the V&A, museums and their relevance to their lives and professional pathways.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://cgscholar.com/cg_event/events/Z21/proposal/55263
 
Description IAMCR 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The online paper "Assemblage theory, communicative assemblages and problematising the notion of 'borders' in community communication" has been delivered at the annual conference of the International Association for Media and Communication Research - IAMCR 2021.

ABSTRACT - Assemblage theory, communicative assemblages and problematising the notion of 'borders' in community communication

This paper proposes a theoretical reflection on the notion of 'borders' and discusses its implications for
issues of community socio-cultural preservation and change. It draws on assemblage theory as
conceptualised by Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and more recently Manuel DeLanda and its
application to communication. Assemblages are the building blocks of natural and social life. They are
constituted, dissolved and reconfigured through processes of territorialisation and deterritorialisation,
which carry with them the constant making, dissolution and re-configuration of borders. Assemblage
theory enables a fresh look at theorising borders. First, it suggests that processes of territorialisation
and deterritorialisation - and associated borders, are provisional fixations, which may gain some
stability over what may seem like long periods of time, but will remain temporary. Second,
assemblages may be constituted at multitudes of scales that interrelate and overlap - for example at the
level of a community, of groups within the community and at individual level. The implication is that
the borders that come with them are relative to the assembling entities and elusive.
The paper discusses these aspects in relation to processes of information exchange and communication.
It fleshes out the concept of "communicative assemblages" as assemblages whose primary function is
to produce and exchange information, and shows how these play a critical role in defining borders
instantiated at various scales, community to individual.
These notions are illustrated through empirical research with two Roma minority communities in the
UK and Romania. The Roma transnational minority is considered an example of a persisting cultural
system, a quality associated with its strong intra-community orientation. While there are various
different groups of Roma, and they have all adopted to various degrees the language and customs of
host populations in different countries, many Roma groups still maintain their cultural identity, sticking
together as a community and abiding by ancestral social values and norms.
This paper will contribute to on-going debates about borders and border-making in community
communication studies, challenging established dichotomies such as global/local, or physical/digital,
and arguing instead for the provisional, elusive and relative nature of borders constituted at different
scales, and the critical role of communication in their configuration, temporary stabilisation and
transformation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://iamcr.org/nairobi2021/online
 
Description Keynote address: Communicative ecologies and aspirations mapping. A reflective practice approach 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The keynote presentation 'Communicative ecologies and aspirations mapping: A reflective practice approach' was offered to students enrolled in the Doctor of Education programme, Creative and Media, at Bournemouth University, on October 6th, 2022.

Abstract

This keynote presentation offers a critical, reflexive look at the epistemological premises of knowledge-making activities and how socially engaged researchers might position themselves with respect to 'extractivist' forms of research and data collection. After an overview of the epistemological implications of our research methodologies, the presentation introduced an assemblage theory perspective on the development of aspirations. This lens allows examining the way information exchanges and interactions in social and communicative assemblages underpin the development of interests, aspirations, as well as over the long term contributing to building skills, self-confidence and identities in children and young people. The keynote address was followed by a hands-on workshop with Ed D students.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Online workshop: Communicative ecologies and aspirations mapping. A reflective practice approach 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact The hands-on online workshop 'Communicative ecologies and aspirations mapping: A reflective practice approach' was offered to students enrolled in the Doctor of Education programme, Creative and Media, at Bournemouth University, on October 6th, 2022. It followed a keynote presentation that critically examined the epistemological implications of our knowledge-making activities as academic researchers.

Abstract

This online workshop takes a hands-on and reflective practice approach to explore the dynamics between communication, social interaction and the development of aspirations. The hands-on part of the workshop draws on communicative ecologies mapping, an established practice in communication for social change research and practice, adapted in this workshop to look at the role of communication practices in the formation of life and career aspirations. Participants used a ready-made mapping template on an online collaborative whiteboard, where group work has been interweaved with sharing and reflection.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Profiles of young people interested in creative careers 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This blog post by one of the project partners, the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) describes the first set of findings from this Fellowship: a structured analysis of young people interested in creative industries careers, available here: https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/Profiles-from-Loughborough-report-3-AS-Final2.pdf.
This analysis produced a set of five profiles, segmented according to career stage, motivation pattern for skill building, and type of career information required to advance in their professional pathways. These profiles are currently being tested against new datasets, aiming to produce a toolkit useful for museums, cultural organisations and other institutions who offer information, support and skill building activities for young people embarking on a creative career.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-life/young-people-gaining-career-advice-who-are-they
 
Description Sixteenth International Conference on The Arts in Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The talk "Museums and Dilemmas of Choice in Young People's Creative Education and Career Pathways" has been delivered online at the international conference on The Arts in Society, which addresses joint academic and practitioner audiences. The presentation had 73 engagements.

ABSTRACT
The role of museums in informing young people's creative education and career choices is increasingly recognised. While numerous museums now have dedicated young people's programmes that include creative education and careers support, there is a gap in knowledge about the profiles, information needs and challenges faced by young people while they attempt to choose, train for and access creative careers.
This paper draws on a 3-year study on two flagship events offered by the Victoria and Albert Museum's Young People's Programme: three editions of a creative careers fair and two editions of a creative education 5-day course for young people not in education, employment or training. The study consulted more than 260 young people who attended one of the two events, by means of interviews, questionnaires, focus groups and analysis of creative outputs. Based on this rich dataset, the study found that young people's information needs differ according to two aspects: decision-making about a creative career and associated education pathways; and creative career stage. On this basis, the paper offers a detailed segmentation of young people that features socio-demographics, career interests and the type of information and support they need to choose, train for and access creative careers. The findings can be taken up by cultural institutions to inform the design of their programmes that address young people, creative education and creative careers support.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://artsinsociety.com/2021-conference