Network for Change: Building on the Changing Character of Conflict Platform

Lead Research Organisation: University of Oxford
Department Name: International Development

Abstract

This project transforms the knowledge base established by the AHRC/ESRC funded project "The Changing Character of Conflict Platform: Understanding, Tracing, and Forecasting Change across Time, Space, and Cultures" (Conflict Platform) into a vibrant and sustainable Network for Change for local community leaders, practitioners, policymakers, and academics. The Conflict Platform has shed light on the world's quickly changing security landscape, including the dynamic character of cross-border and multi-actor conflicts and their impact on civilians. Its knowledge base includes:
- conceptual framework on conflict changes and an analytical tool (Conflict Platform tool) to capture these changes systematically;
- a novel methodology, related theories, and models that present conflicts as multi-actor phenomena and reflect their changes across time and space;
- web-based interactive visualisations integrating fieldwork and large data analysis used as a research method to uncover patterns of conflict changes;
- photoessays that portray local realities of changing conflict dynamics.
The Network for Change maximises the Conflict Platform research's impact, facilitating effective responses to armed conflict. We achieve this via the following activities co-designed with our partners, the Danish Demining Group (DDG), International Alert (IA), and the UN System Staff College (UNSSC):

1. INCEPTION WORKSHOP
Co-hosted with UNSSC and with DDG's and IA's participation, this workshop serves to refine the activity design to ensure the best possible engagement and impact of our project.

2. CROSS-STAKEHOLDER FORA
We co-host one cross-stakeholder forum in Nairobi (with DDG) and one in Yangon (with IA) to bring together local community leaders, practitioners, policymakers, and academics to discuss quickly changing security landscape in the conflicts in the Horn of Africa and Myanmar and identify successful interventions that anticipate and mitigate the harmful effect of conflict changes. The Conflict Platform findings catalyse the discussion: First, participants learn how to address changes by applying the Conflict Platform tool to specific conflict environments and co-create a Handbook on Change in Armed Conflict. Second, we ground debates in our cross-disciplinary, mixed methods theories and models to challenge silo-thinking and foster lateral thinking. Third, we creatively incorporate local voices into the web-based visualisations to unveil diverse narratives on changes in conflict. Fourth, participants engage with our photoessays to benefit from arts as powerful means of nonverbal expression that is inclusive of marginalised communities.

3. NETWORK FOR CHANGE
The forum participants join the Network for Change to maintain communication and knowledge exchange beyond the fora. We set up social media groups for members to discuss their work with conflict-affected communities and find experts for briefings, consultations, or collaboration.

4. FEEDBACK LOOP
We foster a communication and knowledge exchange feedback loop by (i) conducting feedback surveys and collecting recommendations for future exchanges from Network members; (ii) hosting a Handbook workshop with Network members at the end of the project to ensure the Handbook reflects the fora debates and Network communication; (iii) co-producing with our partners a Synthesis of Good Practices on mitigating the harmful impact of change in conflict that were shared during the project activities.

By applying an intersectional approach to all our activities, we cater to the needs of the most marginalised parts of conflict-affected people in Myanmar and the Horn of Africa. The stakeholders in Myanmar and the Horn of Africa benefit from the project through increased horizontal modes of networking and a better understanding of how to address conflict changes. Stakeholders worldwide gain proof of concept for effective communication and knowledge exchange systems for other conflicts

Publications

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Dursun-Özkanca O (2023) Changing responses to a frozen conflict: The Republic of Cyprus soft balancing vis-à-vis Turkey in International Political Science Review

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Idler A (2023) Change in armed conflict: An introduction in International Political Science Review

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Idler A (2023) Conflict shapes in flux: Explaining spatial shift in conflict-related violence in International Political Science Review

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Nogales R (2023) Multidimensional poverty and conflict events in Nigeria over time in International Political Science Review

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Rugo D (2024) The patch as method: The arts' contribution towards understandings of conflict. in International political science review : IPSR = Revue internationale de science politique = RISP

 
Description Thanks to the award, we were able to disseminate findings and have impact across marginalized communities in Myanmar and Somalia. We were able to bring together relevant stakeholders from each country and share experiences and lessons learned on how to deal with changing conflict dynamics. Our conceptual framework and our innovative visualizations were key in stimulating discussion.
Exploitation Route Others can engage with the interactive visualizations and the conceptual framework available on our website. The communities and our partner organizations can continue the exchange of knowledge.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy

URL http://www.conflictplatform.ox.ac.uk
 
Description We were able to disseminate findings and have impact across marginalized communities in Myanmar and Somalia. We were able to bring together relevant stakeholders from each country and share experiences and lessons learned on how to deal with changing conflict dynamics. We have developed an innovative cross-stakeholder forum methodology that connects scholars and non-academic institutions and entities, namely representatives of civil society, government, international community, and academia. Typically, if at all, academia and policy cross-fertilize through either high-level or grassroots engagement. Against this, we co-design research and impact with partners from across stakeholder groups. This methodology has propelled the dialogue among academics, community leaders and marginalized groups, and both central state and the international community and contributed to the communication between the government and the marginalized communities. Through these collaborations, local community leaders with lived experiences of conflict, practitioners, policymakers, and academics with expertise in conflict and related fields (e.g. policy, security, development) engage with each other and the findings of our research. Creatively employing modern technologies, we integrate written resources with novel and innovative resources in the form of photo essays and IDVs to provide forum participants with a wide array of input formats for discussions during the fora and further knowledge exchange among the participants.
First Year Of Impact 2022
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy
Impact Types Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description Partnership with International Alert 
Organisation International Alert
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Dr Idler and Dr Tkacova are currently adjusting the Conflict Platform tool and visualisation techniques for the needs of the International Alert conflict monitoring system.
Collaborator Contribution The International Alert team co-design and co-organised the virtual cross-stakeholder forum in Myanmar.
Impact - Inception workshop - Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in Myanmar
Start Year 2022
 
Description Partnership with the Danish Refugee Council 
Organisation Danish Refugee Council
Country Denmark 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Our partnership enables DRC to bring together key stakeholders during the cross-stakeholder forum to discuss issues important to other DRC's projects and activities.
Collaborator Contribution The DRC Somalia country office co-design and co-organised the virtual cross-stakeholder forum in the Horn of Africa.
Impact - Inception workshop - Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in the Horn of Africa
Start Year 2022
 
Description Partnership with the UN System Staff College 
Organisation United Nations System Staff College
Country Italy 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution The Network for Change team members have collaborated with the UNSSC on the development and facilitation of the Analysing and Engaging Armed Groups course. Dr Idler served as the academic director of the UNSSC Training. The Conflict Platform Tool has been integrated into the syllabus of the course. Dr Idler and Dr Tkacova facilitated a conflict platform webinar on the use of the Conflict Platform tool and interactive digital visualisations for conflict analysis. Dr Idler and Dr Tkacova ran a survey among the course attendees that assessed the tool, visualisation and practitioners' view on the key conflict changes they have encountered during their work.
Collaborator Contribution Svenja Korth from the UNSSC co-design and co-organised the virtual cross-stakeholder forum in Myanmar and the virtual cross-stakeholder forum in the Horn of Africa.
Impact - Inception workshop - Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in Myanmar - Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in the Horn of Africa
Start Year 2022
 
Title Interactive online visualization of the conflict in Myanmar 
Description Interactive visualization of the conflict in Myanmar shows changes in this conflict over time and across space. It consists of an interactive map of conflict events and terrorist attacks, a map of conflict intensity, a network of armed actors involved in the conflict and a graph showing the conflict lethality over time. The visualization is accessible to the wider public from the project website. To increase accessibility, the text describing how to use the visualisation is in English and Myanmar/Burmese. 
Type Of Technology Webtool/Application 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Too early to say 
URL https://conflictplatform.ox.ac.uk/cccp/research/conflict-in-myanmar
 
Title Interactive online visualization of the conflict in the Horn of Africa - update 
Description Interactive visualization of the conflict in Somalia shows changes in this conflict over time and across space. It consists of an interactive map of conflict events and terrorist attacks, a map of conflict intensity, a network of armed actors involved in the conflict and a graph showing the conflict lethality over time. The visualization is accessible to the wider public from the project website. 
Type Of Technology Webtool/Application 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Too early to say 
URL https://conflictplatform.ox.ac.uk/cccp/research/conflict-in-the-horn-of-africa
 
Description Dr Idler and GSP hosted a representative of the Kofi Annan Centre working on peace-building; 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact - In June 2022, Dr Idler and GSP hosted a representative of the Kofi Annan Centre working on peace-building;
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Dr Idler participated in the Oxford University-Berlin Freie University Conference in July 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact As part of the Oxford-Berlin Research Partnership, Dr Idler shared Network for Change findings at attended the Oxford University-Berlin Freie University conference in July 2022 (matched funding was received for this activity from the Oxford-Berlin Research Partnership)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Dr Idler participation in the Development Dialogue in Berlin co-hosted by the Global Initiative against Transnational Organised Crime, USAID, and the German Federal Foreign Office; 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact In June 2022, Dr Idler shared Network for Change findings at the Development Dialogue in Berlin co-hosted by the Global Initiative against Transnational Organised Crime, USAID, and the German Federal Foreign Office.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Inception workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Objectives of the Workshop:
This workshop brought together partners of the "Network for Change" project: UN System Staff College, Danish Refugee Council and International Alert

The objectives of the workshop:
(i) co-design the design of the fora (theme, geographical focus, and structure);
(ii) co-design a strategy to identify fora and network participants;
(iii) identify a secure yet inclusive online platform/social media for the virtual network communication;
(iv) discuss and outline the next steps of the project, including project outputs and dissemination.

The workshop had the format of an informal virtual roundtable-style event. The first session introduced the project, while subsequent sessions centred our discussions on the organisation of the cross-stakeholder fora, participant selection and the use of apps/social media for the virtual network. The last session concluded the workshop and set out the next steps.

The Oxford team summarised the workshop discussions in a report circulated among the partners.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description The Middle East Peace & Security Forum at the American University of Kurdistan, Iraq 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact In November 2022, Dr Annette Idler participated in the "The Future of the West in the Middle East" panel at the Middle East Peace & Security Forum at the American University of Kurdistan, Iraq
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Training sessions on "Crime, Security, and Instability", building on Network for Change findings, at the West Africa Dialogue in Abidjan. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact In April and May 2022, Dr Annette Idler delivered training sessions on "Crime, Security, and Instability", building on Network for Change findings, at the West Africa Dialogue matched funding was received for this activity from the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in Myanmar 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The forum brought together representatives of civil society, the international community, and academia to better understand, and learn from, how communities experience changing conflict situations. The forum explored how, from 2010 to 2020, communities living in the Shan, Karen, and Kachin states experienced changes in the local order triggered by transitions from armed conflict to ceasefires, including the National Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) in 2015, as well as back to armed conflict. Many yet not all armed groups signed ceasefire agreements. The fluid interactions among both the signatory and non-signatory armed groups resulted in quickly changing local orders with varying levels of uncertainty that may have increased the perceived and/or experienced security of communities living in the affected regions.

The forum discussions shed light on the meaning of uncertainty and its many facets, as experienced by local communities. The unique cross-stakeholder format allowed us to explore different perspectives on uncertainty and its sources. We also discussed the connection between the conflict changes in 2010 - 2020 and uncertainty and its impact on the communities.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Virtual cross-stakeholder forum in the Horn of Africa 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This forum brought together representatives of civil society, the international community, and academia to discuss challenges arising from changing conflict dynamics, share good practices of how to address these and identify opportunities for innovative solutions conducive to mitigating the negative impact of armed conflict on communities living in the Horn of Africa region.

During the forum, we focused on the following core topics:
• The changes in the location of the conflict in the Horn of Africa, such as the spread of violence to new locations and their effect on civilians;
• the scheduled takeover of the responsibility for security and its impact on the conflict;
• the importance of the different perceptions of the conflict in the Horn of Africa and their importance;
• the good practices that help to mitigate the effect of conflict changes, such as increased frequency of terrorist attacks and spread of conflict violence, and the transferability of those practices to different regions;
• the opportunities for future collaboration between civil society, the international community, and academics in applying and developing new "good practices".
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Webinar and discussion for the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact In July 2022, Dr Idler appeared as a guest speaker along other experts at the 'Executive Negotiation Project's Thematic Briefing: Tools and Approaches in Negotiation with Non-State Actors' webinar and discussion for the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022