Survivors' Voices, Stories, and Images: Survivor-Led Empowerment Through Ethical Story-Telling and Participatory Photography in Kenya

Lead Research Organisation: University of Nottingham
Department Name: Sch of Politics & International Relation

Abstract

Researchers from the Rights Lab (University of Nottingham), HAART Kenya and World Reader have been working together for 12 months on a GCRF Network+ project using ethical-storytelling and participatory-photography methods to amplify and empower the voices of survivors of human trafficking in Kenya both within their own country and abroad. We aim to build on the project's success to further our aims of empowering and amplifying the voices of survivors through impactful activity with the Kenyan government, other survivor-researchers, and the general public in Kenya and elsewhere. New ways of doing this have emerged from the aspirations and needs of survivors as expressed in our participant workshops, and from new collaborations with other NGOs.

We also seek to build on our new knowledge of how to work remotely with survivors in ethical ways, through innovations we developed during the COVID-19 pandemic; to disseminate this learning more widely among relevant academic and non-academic communities; and to impact on the practice of people working with these techniques and/or with survivors of human trafficking (and other vulnerable groups). In this way, we aim to improve the quality of work being done with survivors, and have a wider impact on the possibilities of participatory research even when affected by exogenous shocks like a global pandemic.

We will run further workshops with survivors, following on from the needs they have identified in Kenyan anti-trafficking policy and practice and for their own development as leaders and researchers. We will help them to get their stories and policy proposals in front of Kenyan politicians, and wider Kenyan and international audience. We will support their development as survivor-leaders, and their engagement with other survivors looking to play a similar role in anti-trafficking and anti-slavery research and action. We will also produce a range of dissemination outputs to bring attention to their stories, images, experiences and calls for change in Kenyan and internationally. This has the potential to radically transform the anti-trafficking landscape in Kenya.
We will disseminate the arts-outputs created by our survivor-participants more widely in exhibitions in Nairobi, Liverpool, and online, as well as hosting stories produced by survivors in English and Swahili on World Reader's free, global, e-reader platform. We look to increase our impact on public knowledge of human trafficking and the experience of survivors, improving understanding, and thereby tackling the stigma and marginalisation often faced by the women participating in our workshops, and many more survivors around the world.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Africa Nalia 
Description One of our participants returned to her music career (which had been ended by her trafficking experience) and released this song and accompanying music video on You Tube. 
Type Of Art Composition/Score 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Shivanah was nominated for the Afrima Awards 2021 (https://www.afrima.org/). She has continued with her music career because of the artistic workshops we ran as part of this grant. 
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdXtQ5A9IhA&ab_channel=ShivanahMusicOfficial
 
Title Audio recording 
Description We interviewed three key team members in Kenya over the course of our initial project (for which this is Follow-on-Funding), and then edited their interviews (with their collaboration) into audio-outputs reflecting on the process of the project, and using ethical storytelling and participatory photography with survivors of human trafficking. 
Type Of Art Artefact (including digital) 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact None know yet. 
URL https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/politics/research/projects/past-projects/survivors-voices-stories-and-i...
 
Title Azadi on-line and in-person exhibiion of survivor-produced photographs 2021 
Description Azadi hosted an online exhibition of photographs and narratives from our project (https://www.azadikenya.org/exhibition) which was available for 6 months to protect the survivor's IP. They also hosted a physical exhibition to coincide with World Day Against Trafficking in Persons (30.7.21), which was attended by the survivor-participants and members of the public. The online exhibition was launched at the Survivor Alliance World Congress. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact In the first 90 days, the exhibition was viewed by 94 people. They were mainly in Kenya, but also from UK, US, india, Nigeria, South Africa and the US Virgin Islands. 
URL https://www.azadikenya.org/exhibition
 
Title Exhibition of Survivor-Art at Freedom Festival, Hull 
Description Our survivor-produced art exhibition (photographs, short films/music videos, audio-recordings, and stories) was included in the 9-day "Freedom Festival" in Hull. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact A number of members of the audience reported changing their attitudes towards survivors of human trafficking, and the issue of human trafficking, and knowing more about the issue after attending the event. 
URL https://www.freedomfestival.co.uk/what-we-do/freedom-festival1/freedom-festival-2022/
 
Title Exhibition of survivor-created art in Nairobi 
Description Azadi hosted an exhibition of survivor-produced photographs and mixed-media artworks as well as stories in Nairobi. This was also an online exhibition. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact Audience members recorded changes in their attitudes and their level of knowledge about the issue of human trafficking. Survivor-participants also reported changes in their attitudes towards their experiences, and learned new and transferable skills regarding photography, writing, self-expression, exhibiting art, and navigating their identity as a survivor-leader. 
URL https://www.azadikenya.org/exhibition2022
 
Title Ndoto Zetu 
Description We ran a film-making workshop in Kenya. The result was a short film called "Ndoto Zetu". The voice-over text is: Nataka kuenda pwani na nisiingie kwa bahari. I want to see my kids running on the playground chasing each other happily. I want my small heaven, with endless WiFi, tea and memes. I am wrapped up in a throw blanket on the couch stuck on my computer at night all alone in the living room Nataka kuona mimi na familia yangu tukienda kwa mall kufanya shopping, tunachukua kila mtu kenya anataka tukichukua trolley tukiwa na furaha. Dancing to the music, rhythm in my curves healthy body is back peace of mind I have. Health is wealth, my superstar my pride safe space my home my family my prosperity. I want to be a bridge, a path that takes people like me safely to the other side of their lives and careers. I want to become the voice of the voiceless to Advocate for their rights and safety. I want to be the nuclear that bombs all the social injustices. I want to find a home within myself. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact None known yet. 
 
Title Publication of Survivors' Stories on WorldReader 
Description We published a collection of stories written by survivors of human trafficking in Kenya, written as part of our original workshops, with the global NGO WorldReader. 
Type Of Art Creative Writing 
Year Produced 2021 
Impact Within the first week, the publication had been opened more than 5000 times on their free e-reader app. Checking the data again in February 2022, we can see that 21000 people have accessed the stories, from countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Norther America. Over 3000 have positively reviewed the stories, which is an extremely high engagement rate for the WorldReader platform. 
URL https://www.dropbox.com/sh/w1utlzns6c5oq4j/AABQ63_O8nDVwC3POXpIgyrRa?dl=0&preview=Survivors%27+Voice...
 
Title Survivors' Voices, Stories and Images: A Public Exhibition and Discussion 
Description We mounted an exhibition at the University of Liverpool in collaboration with the Centre for the Study of International Slavery from 14-18 March. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2022 
Impact No impact recorded yet (exhibition still on-going at time of submission). 
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/survivors-voices-stories-and-images-a-public-exhibition-and-discussio...
 
Description We have discovered more about ways of ethically working with survivors of human trafficking, and how their stories and photographs can impact the attitudes of the general public towards trafficking and towards survivors (including survivors' self-reflective attitudes towards themselves). We have learned about original proposals for improving survivor-support, designed by survivors themselves, including reforms to the tax and benefits system to help survivors long-term.
Exploitation Route Survivor-generated policy proposals might be taken forward by practitioners and activists (including survivor leaders themselves). This includes both the specific proposals about tax which emerged from workshops in Kenya, and also the wider lessons to be learned from the existence of Azadi, a new survivor-led community organisation which has been founded in direct response to the findings of our original project. Many other countries could have this sort of "by-and-for" provision for survivors' long-term support, and could learn valuable lessons from Azadi's example. Practitioners, researchers and activists (and NGOs) could also learn from our experience of building the capacity of survivors, for example through their engagement with the Survivor Alliance World Congress, and with the general public at our exhibitions and other dissemination events. We deliberately engage in an ethical mode of survivor involvement, rather than what can be extractive and exploitative experiences where survivors' stories are used to generate an emotional response in the process of which survivors are re-traumatised. Other researchers can take forward the lessons from our two toolkits, and other institutions (e.g. museums and art galleries) and researchers looking to work with survivors and arts-based methods could learn from our findings regarding doing this ethically, and generating impact in terms of engagement and change in attitudes from the general public from our exhibitions. Researchers in academia and outside of it (e.g. working for NGOs) could also use the reflective audio recordings we have shared publically to prompt reflection on their own practice.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL https://www.azadikenya.org/
 
Description The e-book we published on Worldreader has been opened 1365 times in 2022, and 21830 times in total. In October-December 2021, 10,108 different people have read at least part of it, and it has received 3165 "likes". 343 people read the whole book. A total of 171,386 pages have been read. In January-March 2022, 720 different readers have opened the book; it has received 124 "likes", and 26 people finished the whole book. 14,599 individual pages have been read. In 2022, 72 readers were in Kenya (where the authors of the book are based); 6 of them finished the book. 704 readers were in Sub-Saharah Africa (of whom 25 finished the whole book). In 2021, 9,882 readers of the book were in Sub-Saharah Africa, with 318 finishing the book. Overall, over 20,000 people have opened the book, and 3000 have given it a positive review, which is a very high level of engagement for this e-reader platform. One of our participants, whose music career was halted by her trafficking experience, re-started it, and was nominated for one of the AFRIMA awards (https://www.afrima.org/). Team members created two toolkits for working ethically with survivors, based on our findings (https://aknexhibition.org/toolkit/), and working remotely ( https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/survivors-voices-ethical-toolkit/). Our exhibitions were attended by other 500 people, with many reporting changes in their levels of understanding, and attitudes towards, human trafficking. Our project partners, created as a direct response to the findings of our original project (Azadi) continue to go from strength to strength, with over 100 members. They are a great example to the rest of the world in how to provide survivor-led "by-and-for" provision of survivor-support, the need for which is recognised throughout the sector (and by the Home Office in the UK).
First Year Of Impact 2021
Sector Creative Economy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description Conitnued succes of Azadi Kenya
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Azadi has grown from its hanfdul of founders to having over 100 members. This is a significant change in the landscape of survivor-support in Kenya, but also the world, as Azadi is a unique organisation being run "by and for" survivors of human trafficking, looking to create a commuinity of support for survivors' on-going needs, rather than responding to short-term needs immediately post-trafficking. Everyone involved has learned a great deal about what "by-and-for" service provision might look like, and the kinds of programmes which survivors are keen to engage with when allowed to determine that for themselves and learn, and exercise, leadership skills in this space. Survivors have increased their skills, and some now work for Azadi, improving their skills as a service-provider workforce; survivors who are also members of the general public have changed their attitudes (and that of others) towards what survivor-support should, and could, look like. Azadi's model offers an effective solution to a societal problem from which people are learning from across the world.
URL https://www.azadikenya.org/
 
Description Impact on public attitudes towards survivors of human trafficking (in the UK)
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Over 500 people attended our exhibitions in Liverpool and Hull (as part of Freedom Festival). Audience members reported a significant change in the way they understood issues around human trafficking, and survivors' experiences of it. In Hull, for instance, audience members said "It brings home more actually reading people's lived experience", justifying our approach in ethically sourcing survivors' own narratives, and "we have let down survivors of human trafficking."
 
Description Influence on public attitudes towards survivors of human traffricking (in Kenya)
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Members of the audience reported that they knew and understood more about experiences of human trafficking in Kenya after seeing the exhibition. One visitor, for example, said "I loved it and I feel educated. A lot I didn't know, but now know".
 
Description Survivor-led workshops on improving policy-response to human trafficking and survivor-support in Kenya
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to new or improved professional practice
Impact The main impact has been on our survivor-particpants, who have improved their skill level, changed their own attitudes towards effective policy, and come up with effective solutions to societal problems. We have no evidence, as yet, of whether this will have a wider impact in terms of their recomendations being adopted.
 
Description "I Didn't Want to Get Married": Using Zines to Increase Understanding About the 'Honour'-Based Abuse, Forced Marriage, and Modern Slavery Relationship
Amount £96,124 (GBP)
Funding ID AH/X005429/1 
Organisation Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2023 
End 10/2023
 
Description "Skills will not just help us survive, they will help us thrive": Building Capacity for Survivor Leadership through Participatory Art
Amount £13,983 (GBP)
Organisation University of Nottingham 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2022 
End 07/2022
 
Description Research England Participatory Research Funding Call
Amount £13,983 (GBP)
Organisation United Kingdom Research and Innovation 
Department Research England
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2022 
End 07/2022
 
Title Ethical Toolkit for working with survivors 
Description This toolkit for ethical antislavery work provides models for improved practice, drawing on our (and other) AKN-funded projects for anyone thinking of using ethical storytelling. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not sure about impacts as yet, as toolkit was only published in February 2022. 
URL https://aknexhibition.org/toolkit/
 
Title Remote Researh Toolkit 
Description Drawing on our learnings from our work in the Covid-19 pandemic, we created a toolkit for other researchers looking to work ethically remotely. We offered advice and useful links for data management; tools and equipment; ethics and equity; and participant well-being, as well as a case study (of our own research) and links to further resources. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2022 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact Not sure of any yet 
URL https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/survivors-voices-ethical-toolkit/
 
Description Collaboration with Azadi (Kenya) 
Organisation Azadi
Country Kenya 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution We are supporting Azadi's efforts in Kenya on work related to our project, co-authoring relevant outputs with them, and helping track the impact of their activity in the UK, Kenya and globally.
Collaborator Contribution Azadi are our partners in Kenya for this grant, developing the planned workshops with survivors, helpling develop survivor-leadership, hosting exhibitions, and co-producing several key outputs.
Impact Online exhibitions of photographs; attendance by survivor-participants at Survivor Alliance World Congress.
Start Year 2021
 
Description Collaboration with World Reader 
Organisation World Reader
Country United States 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution We will track the impact of works hosted on World Reader's platform, as well as organising the translation of texts to be hosted on that platform.
Collaborator Contribution World Reader will host the texts written by our survivor-participants, and share data with us on who is reading them, where, how frequently etc.
Impact Hosting of texts on World Reader platform.
Start Year 2019
 
Company Name Azadi Kenya 
Description Azadi is a community organisation dedicated to supporting survivors of human trafficking. 
Year Established 2021 
Impact Part of our planned activity was to build survivor capacity and leadership with our project partners, Azadi Kenya, a community organisation set up as a direct response to the findings of our first piece of research with survivors of human trafficking in Kenya. This is a survivor-led organisation, founded by survivors of human trafficking, and designed to meet the long-term and on-going needs of survivors in ways developed and determined by survivors themselves. It is a unique organisation, as most anti-trafficking organisations focus solely on immediate post-trafficking support (e.g. shelter, repatriation), and are often not run "by-and-for" survivors, as Azadi is. We have worked with Azadi throughout the project, suporting their work, and learning invaluable lessons from their experiences and the proposals and policies developed by survivors. Survivor-leaders have increased their capacities and skills sets in a variety of ways, some of which we did, and some we did not, envision when we applied for the award. Several have, as we hoped, found long-term employment (some with Azadi itself). The organisation celebrated having almost 100 members by the time it had its first birthday (in July 2022). This has had a signifcant impact on members of the public who are also survivors, and on researchers and practitioners working with survivors, particularly through the example of what a survivor-led organisation could look like, and the kinds of programmes and support survivors themselves desire and will work to see instituted given the right support. Azadi has grown from its hanfdul of founders to having over 100 members. This is a significant change in the landscape of survivor-support in Kenya, but also the world, as Azadi is a unique organisation being run "by and for" survivors of human trafficking, looking to create a commuinity of support for survivors' on-going needs, rather than responding to short-term needs immediately post-trafficking. Everyone involved has learned a great deal about what "by-and-for" service provision might look like, and the kinds of programmes which survivors are keen to engage with when allowed to determine that for themselves and learn, and exercise, leadership skills in this space. Survivors have increased their skills, and some now work for Azadi, improving their skills as a service-provider workforce; survivors who are also members of the general public have changed their attitudes (and that of others) towards what survivor-support should, and could, look like. Azadi's model offers an effective solution to a societal problem from which people are learning from across the world.
Website https://www.azadikenya.org/
 
Description Attendance at Survivor Alliance World Congress 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Participants from our project in Kenya, Sophie Otiende and Helen McCabe attended the Survivor Alliance World Congress (26-30 July 2021). Survivor-participnts, alongisde survivor-leader Sophie Otiende, talked about the project, and launched the online exhbition, as well as engaging in a range of training and discussion sessions, shaping the future of anti-trafficking work globally. Helen McCabe attended the "allies" section of the event, with specific responsibilities in the discussion during the research and plenary sessions. There was general discussion, networking and alliance-building, and key next-steps emerged from all the strands (research, media, survivor support, survivor-leadership etc.) for future, survivor-led work in anti-trafficking/anti-slavery.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.survivoralliance.org/world-congress
 
Description Blog about remote research toolkit 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact I wrote a blog for the Vice Chancellor's blog at the University of Nottingham on the launch of our remote toolkit. It is posted on the University's external-facing website for resesarch exchange.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/researchexchange/2022/06/20/conducting-ethical-research-remotely-a-si...
 
Description Blog post by one of our participants on the official "launch" of our partner-organisation Azadi, and the in-person exhibition of survivor-produced stories and photographs in Nairobi 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact One of the partiicpants in our original project (from which this is follow-on funding) used the writing skills she was trained in as part of our programme to write a blog about the launch of our partner-organisation Azadi (which is itself a "spin-off" from our original project/grant), part of which was an in-person exhibition of the photographs and stories created in our original project. In it, she reflects on her experience, and what is needed to combat trafficking in Kenya (and the world more widely), and why survivor-led organisations are so important, concluding with an important lesson from our project "Never forget that survivors are not voiceless".
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.azadikenya.org/post/a-revolution-for-survivors
 
Description Conference Paper at Academic Council of the United Nations System Annual Meeting 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Antonia Musunga, one of our partners at Azadi, presented findings from our work in the pandemic with a paper entitled "Modern Slavery, Human Trafficking, Covid-19 and Building Survivor Leadership in Kenya". This was part of a panel at ACNUS Annual Meeting in Geneva, which was attended by policy-makers, legislators, NGOs and other academics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://2022am.acuns.org/session/evidence-based-solutions-for-ending-modern-slavery/
 
Description Exhibition at Freedom Festival, Hull 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact 10 day exhibition of survivor-produced photography, stories, music and multimedia short film from this project, featured at Hull's annual Freedom Festival event.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Exhibition at University of Liverpool 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Undergraduate students
Results and Impact 5 ays Exhibition of survivor-created photography as part of this project at the University of Liverpool
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Exhibition of Survivor-Art in Nairobi 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An exhibition of survivor-art produced as part of this project was exhibited in Kenya, with a launch party which was also a celebration of the first birthday of our project-partners Azadi, a community organisation supporting survivors of human trafficking set up as a result of our previous award, for which this award was follow-on funding.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.azadikenya.org/exhibition2022
 
Description Spoke at Slave Free Today/Coretta and Martin Luther King Foundation for Peace webinar on modern slavery and humanitarian disasters. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Sophie Otiende and Helen McCabe talked about their work in Kenya, and the impact of Covid-19 on anti-trafficking work as part of a panel on Covid-19 and humanitarian disasters on Zoom, hosted by the Coretta and Martin Luther King Institute for Peace (Oslo) with Slave Free Today. There were quesitons, and discussion among partiicpants. The event was organised via Facebook.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.facebook.com/events/1288228964971096/
 
Description Talk at Exhbition in Liverpool 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact We held a talk at our exhibition in Liverpool, attended by researchers and participants from Kenya as well as the UK research team. 10-20 people attended, and there was a lively discussion about working with survivors and the impact on them of this project, as well as wider questions around this type of research activity (and Global South/North collaboration). Several people stayed for one-to-one conversations with research team members, and there were suggestions for further exhibitions and research collaborations.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/survivors-voices-stories-and-images-a-public-exhibition-and-discussio...
 
Description Talk at Freedom Festival Symposium 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact Panel talk at Freedom Festival Symposium "Arts and Creative practice and its potential role in recovery and impact of trauma on individuals and place"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Workshop with PGT students at Nottingham 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Five post-graduate students read our narratives and looked at our photographs, and shared their reactions. This was the first time they had encountered survivor-produced artworks/prose, and was part of their learning about the issues of modern slavery and human trafficking in Kenya and the UK. They later wrote reflective blogs about the experience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021