Dorothy Richardson Scholarly Editions

Lead Research Organisation: Queen Mary University of London
Department Name: English

Abstract

Dorothy Richardson was one of a select group of twentieth-century writers who changed the rules of prose fiction. With James Joyce, Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, Richardson invented a new form of writing. Alongside Proust and Joyce, Richardson would have been at the forefront of a revolution in literature. However, although Dorothy Richardson was a key figure in the emergence of modernist prose, there are no scholarly editions of her collected correspondence or her fiction. This is in part explained by the initial neglect of women writers in modernist studies. However, with the Cambridge scholarly edition of Virginia Woolf now nearly complete and editions of other women modernists being planned, editions of Richardson's work are long overdue. This project will redress the current imbalance in literary studies, which has meant that almost all the focus has supported scholarly editions of male authors. The planned Richardson editions will be informed by the most up-to-date standards of critical and textual editing. They will become the standard reading and research editions for scholars and the general reader, making a vital contribution to public awareness of Britain's cultural heritage and of the contribution of women writers to modernism. In addition, the editions will make a vital contribution to textual scholarship in modernist studies. The edition of the Letters will contribute to our understanding of the importance of epistolary networks in the emergence of modernist cultural formations, identifying those who played facilitating roles in these networks, such as patrons, agents, publishers, and translators. The edition of 'Pilgrimage' will allow us to reconstruct Richardson's writing process, contributing to genetic studies of modernist texts.

The editions will be edited by a team of leading Richardson experts, who have worked together for several years. They founded the Richardson Society in 2007, and have organised the biennial international Richardson conferences, and set up the online Richardson journal. The PI has compiled the resources available on the Richardson website and edits the journal. Laura Marcus is an expert on the relationship between Richardson's work and early film. Deborah Longworth is an expert on modernism and the city and has published on Richardson as a theorist of the modernist novel. Joanne Winning has pioneered the reinterpretation of Pilgrimage as an example of Sapphic modernism and is an expert on lesbian modernist networks. The project builds on the work and support of eminent Richardson scholars, who have lent their research materials and advice to the editorial team. Before the founding of the Richardson Society, the key Richardson scholars worked at a distance. Since 2007, research on Richardson has had a renewed focus. The editorial team will bring to the project the advantages of a carefully planned collaboration, which combines the best of Richardson scholarship.

Three additional scholars, Howard Finn, Bryony Randall and Claire Drewery each with particular expertise on 'Pilgrimage' will contribute to the work of particular volumes. Two PDRAs will work on the project for a period of 30 months each: one on the Letters and one on the Fiction. An integrated PhD project will examine how modernist epistolary networks operated to support women involved in modernist literary production. The second integrated PhD project will be a genetic study of 'Pilgrimage', which will use the correspondence, notes, manuscripts, typescripts, editions and their paratexts and epitexts to examine the writing process that produced its various parts and editions. There will be a conference in 2016 at Keele University on 'Gender and Textual Scholarship in Modernist Studies'. The project's collection of Richardson materials will be used to create a small touring exhibition and form the basis of a digitised virtual exhibition, to be hosted on the project's webpages.

Planned Impact

Accessibility:
The project will make Richardson's life and work more accessible to the general public, enhancing understanding of Britain's cultural, and specifically its literary, heritage. Currently, Dorothy Richardson's letters are scattered over more than 30 libraries and archives, most of which are in North America, and her fiction is difficult to get hold of. The Virago edition is only available as print on demand. The scholarly editions of the Collected Letters, Pilgrimage, and the Short Stories will make all Richardson's letters and fictional work available to the public in print and (through Oxford Scholarly Editions Online) electronic editions. The editions will enable a better public understanding of an important moment in the cultural history of the twentieth century and will create opportunities for public engagement with that history. The Richardson Society is committed to open access. The Richardson website hosts a detailed, up-to-date Richardson bibliography. The Richardson journal is online and all articles can be downloaded without charge at www.dorothyrichardson.org/PJDRS.

Opportunities for Public Engagement:
The project's website will be hosted as part of the Dorothy Richardson Society (www.dorothyrichardson.org). The project will engage with the public through a blog and social networking media such as Twitter (https://twitter.com/DorothyMR) and Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/DorothyRichardsonSociety). Regular blog posts will be used as the basis for press releases to broadsheets as well as specialist publications such as the Times Higher Education,Times Literary Supplement, London Review of Books. BBC news programmes with an arts brief and specialist arts programmes and podcasts will provide opportunities for wider public dissemination. Examples might include: Radio 4, 'In our Time' and the Guardian Books Podcast. The project's unrivalled collection of Richardson documents and materials will be used to create a small exhibition, which will form the basis of a digitised virtual exhibition. The exhibition will be displayed initially in the Keele University Art Gallery and then taken on tour to places either associated with Richardson's life (e.g. her birthplace in Abingdon, Oxfordshire; Bloomsbury, London; Cornwall) or literary events, both academic (e.g. conferences) and non-academic (e.g. literary festivals such as the Hay Festival).The virtual exhibition will be hosted on the project's webpages.

Economic and Policy Impacts:
The Oxford University Press editions will contribute to the important role high-quality publishing has in maintaining Britain's reputation as a centre for intellectual and cultural production. The Editions will increase public knowledge and understanding of Britain's rich literary heritage nationally and internationally, informing and inspiring current practitioners. A better historical understanding of women's role in key cultural movements of the twentieth century enables better informed policy debates about gender equality in all areas of British society. While the existence of scholarly editions will not have a direct impact on the implementation of policies for gender equality, they do at least provide concrete evidence of feminism's rich history in the twentieth century.

Evaluation
Impact will be evaluated through copies of the editions sold; hits on the Oxford Scholarly Editions Online site; hits on our social media sites such as the website and twitter; visitors to the exhibition; and through media and marketing interest.
 
Title 'Dorothy Richardson in Abingdon', Exhibition in Abingdon County Hall Museum, 19-24 September 2017 
Description An exhibition of Dorothy Richardson's life and work. Abingdon was the town in which she was born. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2017 
Impact The exhibition was on for a week and there were 668 visitors. There are plans to repeat the exhibition for a longer run in the future. From the publicity: "19-24 September 2017, a small exhibition at the Abingdon County Hall Museum celebrates the life and work of the pioneering modernist writer, Dorothy Richardson. Richardson was born in Abingdon - seven miles south of Oxford - in 1873, and went on to become one of the major writers of her generation. Her life's work, the thirteen volume novel-sequence Pilgrimage, is a landmark in experimental writing, and a powerful personal and social document of the early twentieth-century. It was also the first literary work to be described using the famous term 'stream-of-consciousness'. The exhibition was curated by Dr Adam Guy, with support from the University of Oxford's KE Seed Fund. Adam is the Postdoctoral Research Assistant on the Dorothy Richardson Editions Project, an AHRC-funded collaboration between four universities - Queen Mary University of London, the University of Birmingham, the University of Oxford, and Birkbeck College University of London." 
URL https://www.english.ox.ac.uk/article/dorothy-richardson-abingdon-exhibition
 
Title Comic book 'Dorothy Richardson 1873-1957' 
Description Adam Guy the project postdoctoral researcher worked with comic book artist Simon Reid on 'Dorothy Richardson, 1873-1957', a four-page comic book introduction to Richardson's life and work, distributed for free at the Abingdon exhibition, as well as sent out to people as far afield as the US and Australia. 
Type Of Art Artwork 
Year Produced 2017 
Impact Request for copies from GB, US, Australia. 
URL http://dorothyrichardson.org/news.htm
 
Title Dorothy Richardson Online Exhibition 
Description Dorothy Richardson's letters are full of details about her daily life, her struggles with her work, her politics, and her prolific reading. They are a window into her friendships, her business strategies, and her day to day life, and together they constitute a remarkable biographical document. The Dorothy Richardson Editions Project will be publishing Richardson's collected letters in three volumes with OUP (as well as seven volumes of her fiction) but transcriptions can't show the physicality of a letter, the beauty of handwriting, or the idiosyncrasies of thought revealed by mistakes or haste. This exhibition aims to show you the letters as they were originally written, and invites you to enjoy the 'thingness' of a letter-as-object. 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2015 
Impact The exhibition was launched at the Community Animation and Social Innovation Centre at Keele University 14 October 2015. A youtube video of the presentation is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNTULqG4t5E&feature=youtu.be 
URL http://dorothyrichardsonexhibition.org
 
Description Dorothy Richardson Scholarly Editions Project: Findings

The project's key findings fall into four main areas:

• Dorothy Richardson's Life
• Doroth Richardson's Letters
• Dorothy Richardson's Fiction and Non-Fiction
• Editing Modernism

Life
• Family and Abingdon. New research has uncovered archival material that relates to DR's early life, including material relating to her parents, her grandparents, and her siblings. These findings supply important contextual material for Richardon's major work, Pilgrimage. For example, material relating to her family's religious history, her family's property, and her father's bankruptcy.
• London. Findings relating to Winifred Ray, to whom Pointed Roofs, the first volume of Pilgrimage, is dedicated. Findings relating to Richardson's residences, where and when she lived at various addresses in London. Findings relating to Richardson's early life in London, her work as a teacher and a governess and her networks and relationships when she was working in Wimpole Street. Findings relating to Richardson's relationship to Quakerism.
• Findings in relation to Richardson's networks in Cornwall.
• In addition, findings relating to Richardson's close friends and intimate relationships, particularly the lives of Benjamin Grad and Veronica Leslie-Jones. These findings are significant both as contexts for her fiction, but also for dating and editing the letters.

These findings will be or have been disseminated through: the edition of Pilgrimage; the edition of Richardson's letters; Pilgrimages: The Journal of Dorothy Richardson Studies; The Dorothy Richardson website: https://dorothyrichardson.org. Leone Shanks PhD Thesis (2019).

Letters
The project has discovered the following letters, which were not included in George H. Thomson's Dorothy Richardson: A Calendar of Letters (2007).
• Letters to periodicals: letter to the Saturday Review; letter to the Spectator.
• 1914: 2 letters to Norman Penney, the librarian at the Quaker Library, Friends House. These are significant in relation to the intellectual background to Pilgrimage.
• 1917-18: 5 letters to Robert Nichols, the First World War poet. These are significant for what Richardson says about the early volumes of Pilgrimage and her attitude to the First World War.
• 1919-28: 8 Letters to the editors of the Little Review; 1 memorandum to the Little Review printer; 1 autograph manuscript of an article; 1 typescript of an article. These are significant in relation to the publication history of Pilgrimage; Richardson's relationship to modernist little magazines; her international networks; her networks with avant-garde circles; Richardson's compositional practice; the history of modernist experimentation.
• 1920-1944: Correspondence relating to Richardson and the Royal Literary Fund, the Royal Bounty Fund and Civil List Pension.
• 1923-52: 10 letters to Robert McAlmon, writer, editor, Bryher's first husband, and member of the Hemingway circle in Paris. These are significant for what they tell us about Richardson's composition of Pilgrimage and her international networks in Paris and through the Bryher-HD circle.
• 1924: A postcard from Richardson, her husband Alan Odle, and HD to Bryher. This is significant for what it tells us about Richardson's close friendship with Bryher and HD and her relationship with Odle.
• 1934-39: Letters to the American poet, Horace Gregory.
• 1944: 2 letters to Robert Neumann, Austrian novelist. These are significant for what they add to our knowledge about Richardson's international networks and her attitudes to European politics.
• 1944: 2 letters to John Arlott, poet and broadcaster. Significant in relation to Richardson's continuing influence on writers in the mid-century.
• Letters from and to the late Gloria Fromm, Richardson's biographer, which have now been donated to the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Centre by Harold Fromm, her husband. These provide valuable information about Richardson's life, from people who knew her.
• Materials relating to Owen Wadsworth. There are letters to and from P. B. [Owen] Wadsworth, a long-time friend of Richardson's and documents about his own life and travels. These have also been donated to the HRHRC by Harold Fromm.

Findings from this material will be or have already been disseminated through the edition of Richardon's Letters and through the Dorothy Richardson website and Blog: https://dorothyrichardsonblog.wordpress.com.

Richardson' Fiction.
• Archival work enabled examination of the manuscripts and typescripts of Richardson's work and Richardson's annotated copies of the first editions of Pilgrimage at the Beinecke Library, HRHRC, and the McFarlin Library at the University of Tulsa. This led to a reappraisal of Richardson's method of composition particularly in relation to her experimental use of punctuation, narrative structure, and her unorthodox approach to narrative and the novel. As a result of this research the project identified a previously unknown typescript of an extract from Clear Horizon. The findings from this research are relevant to the history of modernist fiction, twentieth-century experimental fiction, and twentieth-century women's fiction.
• The work of annotating the first two chapter-volumes has deepened our understanding of Richardson's points of reference and the allusive qualities of her prose, as well as, more practically, in some instances correcting what previous research/annotation has thought to be the case about these novels
• We have collected a large bank of reviews for both individual volumes and the various collected Pilgrimages - these hadn't been brought together before.
• The project has also identified an article by Richardson published in Vogue.

Dissemination of these findings will be through the the Oxford edition of Pilgrimage and through journal articles.

Editing Modernism
• Members of the Richardson project participated in the AHRC funded New Modernist Editing Network, which brought editors together from a number of modernist editing projects. The Richardson project organised its main conference around this theme, completing a productive exchange of knowledge and methodologies. This exchange fed into the Richardson edition as well as advancing debates about editing modernism in the discipline as a whole.


These findings will be disseminated in the Introductions to the volumes of the Oxford edition of Pilgrimage and in a special issue of Modernist Cultures.
Exploitation Route See above. Our findings will be of use for scholars working on the history of women's literature, the history of modernist literature, the history of twentieth-century literature, the history of the novel.
Sectors Creative Economy,Education,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL http://dorothyrichardson.org
 
Description A week-long exhibition at Abingdon County Museum in Oxfordshire about Dorothy Richardson's life and work was attended by 668 visitors. A blue plaque commemorating Dorothy Richardson's residence has been put up in Woburn Walk in London. The plaque now features in various Bloomsbury walks and has received press attention. The Dorothy Richardson Online Exhibition, http://dorothyrichardsonexhibition.org, has brought Richardson's life and work to a wider public audience. A short film about Dorothy Richardson's life in Cornwall has been released: http://dorothyrichardson.org/memories.htm. The website, blog, Facebook page and twitter feed have contributed to a wider understanding of Dorothy Richardson's life and work. Website: http://dorothyrichardson.org Blog: https://dorothyrichardsonblog.wordpress.com Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DorothyRichardsonSociety/ Twitter feed: https://twitter.com/DorothyMR
First Year Of Impact 2015
Sector Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural

 
Description Knowledge Exchange Seed Fund, University of Oxford. Funding towards the Dorothy Richardson in Abingdon Exhibition, September 2017
Amount £1,700 (GBP)
Organisation University of Oxford 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2017 
End 09/2017
 
Description 'Modern Editing', 'Scholarly Editing Unpacked', Consortium of the Humanities and Arts South East Cohort Development Training Workshop, Birkbeck University of London 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact From the publicity: "While most of us acknowledge that scholarly editing underpins a wide range of our literary research many of us know very little about its processes. Editing can seem arcane, and something that happens only in specialist domains. The environments in which editing takes place, however, are quickly changing. Digital innovation is transforming text and object, making questions of textual manipulation and presentation newly urgent.

This day-long workshop brings together leading scholars to explore why editing matters and to exchange and develop practical advice and experience. It will challenge preconceptions of the relative unimportance or invisibility of scholarly editorial skills, and will equip its delegates with nomenclature and a roadmap for navigating the field.

Whether you are embarking on an editorial project, harbouring thoughts of doing so in the future, or are simply keen to know more - and to know more accurately - about the literary objects you study this workshop will be of value and use.

Programme

Plenary lecture by Professor Kathryn Sutherland (Oxford), Project Director of The Jane Austen Fiction Manuscripts Digital Edition

Early Modern editing with Dr Rory Loughnane (Kent), Associate Editor of The New Oxford Shakespeare

Modern editing with Professor Scott McCracken (QMUL) and Dr Jo Winning (Birkbeck), General Editors of The Dorothy Richardson Scholarly Editions Project

Afternoon Workshop with Dr Wim van Mierlo (Loughborough),
A. Textual Scholarship
- Theories and Methods:
- choosing and justifying the copy-text
- understanding variants
- versioning/genetic editing
- social editing

B. Textual Editing in Practice
- textual cruxes
- annotation and commentary
- digital editing (the purpose of TEI, collation software, etc.)

Editing in the digital age with Dr Paul Caton, (Kings' Digital Laboratory)"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.chase.ac.uk/scholarly-editing/
 
Description 'Reading Pilgrimage Together' Youtube broadcast by Adam Guy 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Adam Guy discussing Deadlock on 'Reading Pilgrimage Together' Youtube series
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMPBHy6L3Z8
 
Description Contribution to University of Oxford 'Ten Minute Book Club' Website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact An extract from and a selection of introductory materials on Dorothy Richardson, The Tunnel by Adam Guy to the Oxford English Faculty's public-facing 'Ten-Minute Book Club', which is aimed at schools and general readers, and is associated with their LitHits initiative (https://lithits.web.ox.ac.uk/).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.english.ox.ac.uk/ten-minute-book-club/richardson-the-tunnel
 
Description Dorothy Richardson in Abingdon 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A blog about the Dorothy Richardson exhibition at Abingdon County Museum by the curator and project postdoctoral researcher, Adam Guy.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://dorothyrichardsonblog.wordpress.com/2017/09/20/dorothy-richardson-in-abingdon/
 
Description Lost Ladies of Literature podcast 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Lost Ladies of Literature Podcast: Dorothy Richardson - Dawn's Left Hand with Scott McCracken and Brad Bigelow
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.lostladiesoflit.com/podcast/116-dorothy-richardson-dawns-left-hand-with-scott-mccracken-...
 
Description Richardson and the Little Review 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A blog about new discovery in the archives of the modernist little magazine The Little Review that throws new light on Dorothy Richardson's experimental prose.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://dorothyrichardsonblog.wordpress.com/2017/02/22/richardson-and-the-little-review/
 
Description Talk to the #ReadingPilgrimageTogether reading group 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Professor Scott McCracken gave a short talk and answered questions about the second volume of Dorothy Richardson's long modernist novel, Backwater.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://readingpilgrimage.com/category/start_here/