The wheat DIVERSE MAGIC: Community Access to Resources, Protocols and Tools

Lead Research Organisation: University College London
Department Name: Genetics Evolution and Environment

Abstract

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Technical Summary

Multi-parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) populations represent a new generation of plant mapping resources ideally suited to community-based crop improvement. This project is based around a new wheat population recently completed at NIAB with BBSRC funding: the 16 parent Diverse MAGIC population. Using the expertise in plant and animal multi-parent populations developed at NIAB and WTCHG, this project will build germplasm, analytical and database resources around Diverse MAGIC, transforming it into a complete community resource for wheat R&D.
1) Biological resource utilization
The Diverse MAGIC population will be consolidated, and germplasm made available for public access. Phenotypic data on the parents and population will be generated using traditional and precision phenomics approaches, providing baseline datasets to pump-prime community engagement. Field trials will also serve as a community phenotyping resource, allowing third parties to collect additional phenotypic data. Dissemination and training will be provided at MAGIC workshops, in which Diverse MAGIC datasets will be used to demonstrate the analytical software and resources developed at WTCHG.
2) Wheat analysis tools
WTCHG will develop a suite of tools and software for wheat MAGIC, based around those they previously developed for Arabidopsis MAGIC. A catalogue of genetic variants between the 16 founders will be developed, the population genotyped with a high-density genetic marker array, and a high-resolution genetic map constructed. The software HAPPY will be adapted to construct genome mosaics for the Diverse MAGIC population, and software adapted to perform QTL mapping in wheat. All project resources will be made freely accessible via the project website and associated database.

Planned Impact

The immediate beneficiaries of this project will be academic and commercial groups working on wheat genetic improvement and the development of new varieties for use by UK agriculture. This follows from the fact that the 16 founders of the Diverse MAGIC population capture much of the genetic variation segregating in wheat varieties commonly grown in the UK. Use of the Diverse MAGIC population will help identify genetic loci containing variation that affect traits of UK agronomic importance for selection within the UK genepool. This will have a long-term beneficial impact on UK food security and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. A notable feature of the population is that it includes older UK varieties in addition to modern accessions. This means that it can detect QTL segregating between these two groups, potentially identifying favourable alleles which have been "left behind." This is not practical in association mapping panels since population structure is confounded with variety age.

Commercial wheat breeders will benefit by:
1) Markers diagnostic for linkage between individual genes or small genetic intervals and components of the traits measured on the population.
2) Release of all trait and marker data, which can be combined with their own from this and other populations.
3) Protocols and software for their own analyses in MAGIC
4) Release of seed. The MAGIC lines will be highly recombined and may have novel combinations of QTL. These lines are candidates for further assessment and for crossing.

Breeders and other stakeholders will be invited to view plots at events, during which we will highlight the availability of these resources for their own research and breeding. NIAB is a regular contributor to events such as CEREALS: the leading technical event for the UK arable industry. We will ensure that the project is represented there and will attend in person to disseminate information.

MAGIC populations have been created or are being created for other crops and in other countries. The development of statistical and computational methods in this project will be of direct use for marker and trait mapping in these other populations. We are already in contact with the researchers and breeders involved in many of these populations. We will build on these contacts informally, through correspondence and visits, and through the workshops and community engagement activities organised within this project.

The size of this project and the disciplines involved, encompassing statistical/quantitative genetics, molecular genetics and agronomy will provide opportunities for training of scientific and technical staff in these fields. This will occur on an ad-hoc basis and through the scheduled training courses and workshops.

NIAB and WTCHG staff will benefit from exposure to complementary expertise in each other's institutes. For NIAB this will result in improved application of big-data methods to their research interests in agricultural science and genetics. For WTCHG, it will open opportunities for broader application of its statistical genetics research in agriculture and for future funding and collaboration with plant science communities.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description We have sequenced the exomes of the founders of the DIVERSE MAGIC population and sequenced 550 of the MAGIC lines themselves at 0.35x coverage. Using these data we have imputed exonic sequence variants and used them to map QTLs for a variety of yield related traits. These results are being prepared for publication and have already been presented at conferences. Array genotype data we collected for the founders and MAGIC lines has already been made public and we intend to release a larger genotype set based on our sequencing during 2020.

We submitted a paper describing our findings, which is under review. A preprint is available from https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.15.296533v1.

We held a workshop in July 2019 at NIAB Cambridge on multiparental populations (http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/MAGIC_workshop.htm), which included a many presentations on wheat, including presentations by our group on the wheat DIVERSE MAGI population.

We sequenced and published the first ancient emmer wheat genome in Nature Plants in 2019. This work is described in more detail elsewhere in the researchfish submission. It has garnered a great deal of media coverage and interest, also described elsewhere.
Exploitation Route The DIVERSE MAGIC genotypes we have produced were made publicly available via the project web site during 2020. Together with QTL mapping software we have written, users of the DIVERSE MAGIC germplasm (such as plant breeders) can download the data and map their own phenotypes, thereby identifying beneficial alleles that could be introgressed into UK wheat varieties.

VCFs of the called SNP variation are available from the European Variant Archive (EVA). SNP variants in exome/promoter regions were called from the founder data (EVA accession ERZ1643321). At these SNP sites, we then made genotype calls in the inbred lines (i) by using the alignments to make genotype calls directly (EVA accession ERZ1643320) and (ii) by imputation with STITCH software (EVA accession ERZ1643322).

The ancient emmer wheat data has been made publicly available from the ENA
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections

URL http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/index.html
 
Description Monogram Meeting Travel Grant
Amount £200 (GBP)
Organisation GARNet 
Sector Learned Society
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2017 
End 04/2017
 
Description Research Experience Placement
Amount £2,500 (GBP)
Organisation London Interdisciplinary Doctoral Biosciences Consortium 
Sector Academic/University
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2019 
End 07/2019
 
Description Researcher Links Travel Grant for Workshop on Bioinformatics and Wheat Genomics
Amount £1,300 (GBP)
Organisation Newton Fund 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 06/2017 
End 06/2017
 
Description What determines protein abundance in plants?
Amount £3,354,456 (GBP)
Funding ID BB/T002182/1 
Organisation Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 10/2020 
End 10/2025
 
Title Array Genotypes for the wheat DIVERSE population and its founders 
Description We have made publicly available SNP genotypes for the diverse MAGIC wheat population, which has been characterised using the 35k Wheat Breeders' Array. Genotyping calls are available to download for the 16 founders and for 550 MAGIC lines. Calls were made using the Axiom Best Practices Genotyping Analysis workflow with an inbreeding penalty of 4. The released genotypes have consensus calls where multiple samples were genotyped from the same line. In addition, the genotypes at sites with no minor homozygous calls have been adjusted. The diverse MAGIC wheat population was developed at the National Institute for Applied Botany (NIAB). Genetic resources for this population were developed in collaboration between University College London (UCL) and NIAB as part of the MAGIC CARPeT project (MAGIC: Community Access to Resources, Protocols and Training), funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) under grants BB/M011666/1 (to NIAB) and BB/M011585/1 (to UCL) 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The data have just been made public and will be of use to breeders in the future who use the germplasm for the Diverse wheat in their own trials. 
URL http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/index.html
 
Title Exomes from 16 Founders of MAGIC diverse wheat population 
Description Sequence data from genic and promoter captures of the 16 founders of the MAGIC diverse wheat population. We provide alignments and variants called against the wheat reference genome. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This is a significant database of variation segregating within a diverse panel that is representative of the genetic diversity present in UK wheat varieties from the past 85 years. We have characterised several large structural variants present among these varieties. 
 
Title NIAB DIVERSE MAGIC GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES 
Description SNP Genotype and Phenotype datasets for the NIAB DIVERSE MAGIC wheat population and its founders. The diverse MAGIC wheat population was developed at the National Institute for Applied Botany (NIAB), from whom germplasm is available (contact James Cockram).Summary of the Data Sets available here:(i) Founder_Consensus_Genotypes.calls.adjusted.txt, All_MAGIC_Consensus_Genotypes.calls.adjusted.txt: Tab-delimited genotypes of the 16 founders of the NIAB DIVERSE MAGIC wheat population and for 550 MAGIC lines, obtained using the 35k Wheat Breeders' Array. Calls were made using the Axiom Best Practices Genotyping Analysis workflow with an inbreeding penalty of 4. The released genotypes have consensus calls where multiple samples were genotyped from the same line. In addition, the genotypes at sites with no minor homozygous calls have been adjusted.(ii) FOUNDERS.tar, MAGIC_PLINK.tar: Genotypes in PLINK format of 1.1M imputed SNPs from exome capture in the 16 founders and and low -coverage sequencing in 505 MAGIC lines.(iii) MAGIC_PLINK_PRUNED.tar 55k tagging SNP genotypes of 505 MAGIC lines, suitable for GWAS(iv) MAGIC_PHENOTYPES.txt Phenotypes for the MAGIC lines and founders.(v) BASIC_GWAS.tar contains the genotypes and phenotypes and analysis scripts packaged into one file. We provide a simple pipeline for genetic mapping with these data.Once unpacked, the 'DATA' subdirectory contains the phenotypic data and the tagging set of ~55k SNP sites called in 504 inbred lines. In this directory, we include R functions for association mapping (file mixed.model.functions.r), including a mixed model transformation to remove the inflationary effects of unequal relatedness on genetic associations. Association mapping can be run on the basis of SNPs or the inferred founder haplotype dosages. To run, follow the steps in the R script example.analysis.r (this will run without modification if the downloaded directory is used as the R working directory). We also include a function for plotting the results as a manhattan plot (plot.functions.r). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? Yes  
URL https://rdr.ucl.ac.uk/articles/dataset/NIAB_DIVERSE_MAGIC_GENOTYPES_AND_PHENOTYPES/14388461
 
Title Sequence Data for a 3,000 year old emmer wheat genome 
Description Sequence data from an emmer wheat genome from ancient Egypt from our publication Nature Plants volume 5, p 1120-1128 (2019) are deposited in the ENA with study accession number PRJEB31103. The genotype calls are also provided as the source data for Fig. 2 on the paper web site. A database of archaeobotanical observations is provided as the source data for Extended Data Fig. 1. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The data are available for download by researchers interested in emmer wheat. It is too soon to quantify any impacts. 
URL https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/search?query=PRJEB31103
 
Title Sequence, Genotype, and Phenotype Data for wheat MAGIC diverse population and its sixteen founders 
Description The NIAB Diverse MAGIC (NDM) is a population of recombinant inbred lines of wheat descended from 16 diverse founders representing varieties commonly grown in the UK since about 1935. The founders were sequenced using exome/promotor capture or whole genome sequencing. Low coverage whole-genome sequence data for 555 MAGIC lines are available. Using variants called using exome data from the founders, we impute the genotype at >1m SNPs segregating among these lines. In addition genotyping array data (axiom wheat breeders' array) form the founders and MAGIC lines is available, although since this is much sparser than the imputed sequence data it is only of use for checking genotyping accuracy. 15 of the founders were sequenced after enriching for exome and promoter regions (~23x coverage of targets), one founder was sequenced using whole genome sequencing (~16x coverage of targets). 504 inbred lines were sequencing using ~0.3x whole genome sequencing. The sequencing data is available from the European Nucleotide Archive under project number PRJEB39021. VCFs of the called SNP variation are available from the European Variant Archive (EVA). SNP variants in exome/promoter regions were called from the founder data (EVA accession ERZ1643321). At these SNP sites, we then made genotype calls in the inbred lines (i) by using the alignments to make genotype calls directly (EVA accession ERZ1643320) and (ii) by imputation with STITCH software (EVA accession ERZ1643322). We provide files in PLINK format to give the genotypes of the founders and imputed genotypes of the inbred lines at ~1.1M sites. You can also download the inbred line genotypes at a tagging set of ~55k sites (LD pruned). VCFs of the called SNP variation are available from the European Variant Archive (EVA). SNP variants in exome/promoter regions were called from the founder data (EVA accession ERZ1643321). At these SNP sites, we then made genotype calls in the inbred lines (i) by using the alignments to make genotype calls directly (EVA accession ERZ1643320) and (ii) by imputation with STITCH software (EVA accession ERZ1643322). We provide files in PLINK format to give the genotypes of the founders and imputed genotypes of the inbred lines at ~1.1M sites. You can also download the inbred line genotypes at a tagging set of ~55k sites (LD pruned). Imputation using the founder genotypes as the reference panel means that the founder that contributed genetic material at each locus in each inbred line is estimated. There is some uncertainty in the reconstruction of these founder recombination mosaics, which can be accounted for by inferring the continuous 'dosage' of each founder at each locus. We provide the inferred founder haplotype contributions at all 1.1M SNP sites for download here. There is one .hap.txt file per chromosome giving the dosage at each site for each founder (column K, numbered in alphabetical order) for each inbred line. These were extracted from the VCFs outputted by STITCH using this script. Phenotypes for the founders and inbred lines are available to download from the website. Phenotype descriptions and collection methods are described in Scott, Fradgley et al. (2020). The diverse MAGIC wheat population has also been characterised using the 35k Wheat Breeders' Array. Genotyping calls are available to download for the 16 founders and for 550 MAGIC lines. Calls were made using the Axiom Best Practices Genotyping Analysis workflow with an inbreeding penalty of 4. The released genotypes have consensus calls where multiple samples were genotyped from the same line. In addition, the genotypes at sites with no minor homozygous calls have been adjusted. Scripts for alignment, variant calling, imputation, and association mapping are provided in the GitHub Repository michaelfscott/DIVERSE_MAGIC_WHEAT. 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2020 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact The genotypes from the sequencing and genotyping array data has be compared, yielding information about the specificity of the widely-used array. In addition, the imputed SNP variants have been used to find QTL for traits of agronomic importance, which were phenotyped in these MAGIC lines. This establishes the MAGIC diverse wheat population as a resource for trait mapping. 
URL http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/index.html
 
Description Proteomics in DIVERSE MAGIC wheat 
Organisation National Institute of Agronomy and Botany (NIAB)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We are collaborating with researchers at the University of Western Australia to measure the protein content on the 16 founders of the DIVERSE MAGIC population
Collaborator Contribution Our collaborators performed pilot proteomics measurement and analysis on the DIVERSE MAGIC founders in order to evaluate if further collaboration would be feasible. Th epilot wqs sucessful and batches of flour from the MAGIC diverse population are in the process of being shipped to our collaborators for proteomics analysis.
Impact Pilot data have been generated which has been analysed
Start Year 2021
 
Description Proteomics in DIVERSE MAGIC wheat 
Organisation University of Western Australia
Country Australia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We are collaborating with researchers at the University of Western Australia to measure the protein content on the 16 founders of the DIVERSE MAGIC population
Collaborator Contribution Our collaborators performed pilot proteomics measurement and analysis on the DIVERSE MAGIC founders in order to evaluate if further collaboration would be feasible. Th epilot wqs sucessful and batches of flour from the MAGIC diverse population are in the process of being shipped to our collaborators for proteomics analysis.
Impact Pilot data have been generated which has been analysed
Start Year 2021
 
Description IWGSC Webinar: NIAB Diverse MAGIC dissecting trait genetic architecture across 70 years of wheat breeding 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Michael Scott gave a webinar to the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium on the NIAB Diverse MAGIC wheat population. The recording is available to the public via YouTube
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lPyjn2NOL0&feature=youtu.be
 
Description Online magazine article on ancient wheat genetics for "The Conversation" website 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Mike Scott, a PDRA funded by the BBSRC grants BB/P024726/1, BB/M011585/1 wrote a online magazine-style article entitled "What 3,000-year-old Egyptian wheat tells us about the genetics of our daily bread" for the website "The Conversation". This described in layperson's terms the findings of his Nature Plants publication https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0534-5 on the genome of an ancient wheat.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://theconversation.com/what-3-000-year-old-egyptian-wheat-tells-us-about-the-genetics-of-our-da...
 
Description Oral and poster presentations at "Plant genomes in a Changing World" conference at the Welcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, October 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Funmi Ladejobi, a PDRA employed on the BBSRC grant BB/P024726/1 gave a talk and presented a poster on the HEAT MAGIC rice population at the meeting "Plant genomes in a Changing World" in Cambridge 2019, https://coursesandconferences.wellcomegenomecampus.org/our-events/plant-genomes-2019/?utm_source=email_personal&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=PlantGenomes19. Her talk and poster describe analysis of the genomes of a population of rice bred by the International Rice Research Institute, Philippine
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://figshare.com/s/9f6e8135dded67e7e131
 
Description Organised Workshop on Multiparental Crops, Cambridge July 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact In collaboration with NIAB (James Cockram, Keith Gardiner) we organised a workshop on multiparental crop populations in July 2019. the workshop attracted over 50 attendees from around the world, including our key collaborators from ICRISAT (India) and IRRI (Philippines). The website for eh workshop is
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/MAGIC_workshop.htm
 
Description Poster Presentation at Monogram 2019 Meeting, Nottingham UK. (Won best poster prize) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The Monogram meetings (http://www.monogram.ac.uk/MgNW2019.php) are the main annual meetings for the UK cereal research community, that also attract considerable international and industrial participation. Mike Scott, a PDRA funded from BBSRC grants BB/P024726/1 and BB/M011585/1 presented our poster "Genetic resources for the 16-founder NIAB MAGIC diverse wheat population" for which he won best poster prize.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016,2017,2018,2019
 
Description Poster Presentation at the Plant and Animal Genome XXVIII conference (PAGC 2020), San Diego USA, January 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Mike |Scott, a PDRA employed on the grants BB/M011585/1 and BB/P024726/1 gave a poster presentation "Imputation and QTL Mapping in Multiparental Crop Populations from Low Coverage Sequence Data" at the PAGC 2020 Meeting in San Diego. This is one of the major international meetings on plant and animal genomics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Poster and Flash Talk Presentation 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Michael Scott (post-doc employed by the project attended the " Meeting of the Complex Trait Community" June 20 to 22 2018, Glasgow UK and presented a poster and short (flash) oral presentation "Resources for QTL mapping in wheat: the NIAB diverse MAGIC population"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://www.complextrait.org/ctc2018/
 
Description Poster presentation at the 2017 Monogram Meeting 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Michael Scott (post-doc employed by the project attended the "Monogram 2017 Network Meeting" April 4th-6th 2017, Bristol UK and presented a poster "Resources for QTL mapping in wheat: the NIAB diverse MAGIC population"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.monogram.ac.uk/MgNW2017.php
 
Description Presentation at UK Archaeological Society meeting, Manchester April 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Richard Mott gave a presentation at the UKAS 2019 meeting on ancient wheat genomes. the talk was scheduled to be presented by Michael Scott who was unwell. This work later was published in Nature Plants https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0534-5
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://ukas2019.com
 
Description Talk at "Plant Quantitative Genetics: from Theory into Practice", Birmingham 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Funmi Ladejobi, a PDRA employed on the BBSRC grant BB/P024726/1, gave a talk at a meeting organised by the Genetics Society in Birmingham 2019, https://genetics.org.uk/events/plant-quantitative-genetics-from-theory-into-practice/. Her talk described the genomes of the rice HEAT MAGIC population that we have sequence as part of a collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://figshare.com/s/be252bcee91b8dfabc9b
 
Description Webinar for UK Plant Science (Garnet): Funmi Ladejobi and Mike Scott summarise the potential for using MAGIC populations in Plant Breeding 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Funmi Ladejobi and Mike Scott gave a webinar to summarise the potential for using MAGIC populations in Plant Breeding
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNhoJ-tuao0
 
Description Workshop on MAGIC in crop plants 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This is a planned workshop "Applications of MAGIC populations in crops" held at the NIAB innovation farm, Cambridge, with international collaborators from CGIAR centres IRRI and ICRISAT scheduled to attend. Other researchers will be invited to present as well as crop breeders and industry colleagues from the project review boards. This was an opportunity to advertise and promote the resources we have developed in wheat, rice, and chickpeas. The wider goal of the workshop is to highlight and guide the translation of the growing research in crop MAGIC populations into practical applications and results.

Of the ~40 attendees (nearly all of whom gave a talk), the breakdown of attendees was as follows:
UK universities: 8 (3 UCL, 2 Reading, 1 Leeds/JIC, 2 Oxford, 1 Bath - could not attend)
UK research institutes: 14 (7 NIAB, 3 SRUC, 1 Roslin, 1 Rothamsted, 1 NHM, 1 IBERS/Aberystwyth)
CGIAR centres: 8 (3 IRRI, 3 ICRISAT, 1 CSIRO, 1 ICBA)
Worldwide Universities: 7 (2 Wageningen, 1 Pisa, 1 Wisconsin, 1 Hainan, 1 UFRGS (Brazil), 1 INTA (Argentina))
UK Breeders: 2 (1 RAGT, 1 KWS/NIAB
LMIC countries: 7

Approximately 25% of attendees were women. We invited close to 50% women but the eventual fraction was disappointingly lower. The number of attendees from LMIC countries was reduced by last-minute cancellations.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://mtweb.cs.ucl.ac.uk/mus/www/MAGICdiverse/MAGIC_workshop.htm