Regulation of the male germline in cereal crops by somatic companion cells
Lead Research Organisation:
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
Department Name: Centre for Research
Abstract
Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
Technical Summary
Sexually reproducing organisms must undergo meiosis to generate distinct male and female germlines. Recent studies in animals have shown that genetic and epigenetic factors regulate the development of the germline, however, research is lagging in plants, and many of the key players and precise mechanisms remain elusive. This proposal aims to investigate how neighbouring somatic cells can regulate male germline development and gametogenesis in maize through action of a novel Argonaute protein (named MAGO) and associated new class of small non-coding RNAs found only in monocots. This proposal specifically focuses on revealing the following key objectives:
1. The role of MAGO during male meiosis and gametogenesis.
2. The biochemical and molecular nature of MAGO action in maize somatic germline companion cells.
3. Defining the role of MAGO-associated non-coding RNAs during male germline development.
4. To test the functional conservation of this fundamental pathway in wheat to engineer new breeding approaches.
This work will advance our basic understanding of how cereal crops set the male germline and provide essential know-how for creating novel strategies and breeding tools in cereal crops.
1. The role of MAGO during male meiosis and gametogenesis.
2. The biochemical and molecular nature of MAGO action in maize somatic germline companion cells.
3. Defining the role of MAGO-associated non-coding RNAs during male germline development.
4. To test the functional conservation of this fundamental pathway in wheat to engineer new breeding approaches.
This work will advance our basic understanding of how cereal crops set the male germline and provide essential know-how for creating novel strategies and breeding tools in cereal crops.
Planned Impact
Data and material generated from this proposal will be made freely available. In addition, the University of Warwick will exploit IP generated through other aspects of the works. We will engage with industrial beneficiaries with regards to the development of novel approaches for the improvement of maize traits through existing collaborations with two agro-biotechnology partners.
The wheat and maize materials developed within the project will also be showcased in NIAB Innovation Farm. Based in Cambridge, NIAB Innovation Farm includes field, glasshouse and conference facilities, focussed on improving knowledge transfer between academic scientists and industry in order to harness the full potential of plant genetic innovations. The NIAB Cambridge Open Day event, which takes place in June, is attended by farmers and agriculture industry businesses. This platform will allow the PI to inform commercial breeding companies, stakeholder groups and farmers on the progress made and commercial potential of the work.
We will disseminate our findings by making our data publicly available through peer-reviewed publication. The resources will be deposited at EMBL-EBI, NCBI and Maize Genetic COOP Stock Center. Training in scientific research skills will be provided to the RPDA and RA by the PI, colleagues at the University of Warwick, and by existing collaborations with international scientists. We will disseminate our results to the public through media reports and by interacting directly with the public and plant breeders. Pathways to impact will be monitored and evaluated every six months.
The wheat and maize materials developed within the project will also be showcased in NIAB Innovation Farm. Based in Cambridge, NIAB Innovation Farm includes field, glasshouse and conference facilities, focussed on improving knowledge transfer between academic scientists and industry in order to harness the full potential of plant genetic innovations. The NIAB Cambridge Open Day event, which takes place in June, is attended by farmers and agriculture industry businesses. This platform will allow the PI to inform commercial breeding companies, stakeholder groups and farmers on the progress made and commercial potential of the work.
We will disseminate our findings by making our data publicly available through peer-reviewed publication. The resources will be deposited at EMBL-EBI, NCBI and Maize Genetic COOP Stock Center. Training in scientific research skills will be provided to the RPDA and RA by the PI, colleagues at the University of Warwick, and by existing collaborations with international scientists. We will disseminate our results to the public through media reports and by interacting directly with the public and plant breeders. Pathways to impact will be monitored and evaluated every six months.
People |
ORCID iD |
Emma Wallington (Principal Investigator) |
Description | We have generated transformed wheat lines containing a CRISPR/Cas9 editing cassette to specifically edit the MAGO target gene. These plants have been transferred to Warwick University for further analysis/ |
Exploitation Route | The transgenic wheat materials will be an important research tool to enable the plant science community to investigate the impact of somatic companion cells on fertility in wheat. This has potential for use in future hybrid breeding programs. |
Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
Title | Biological samples: Plants transformed with MAGO gene editing construct |
Description | GM wheat materials for analysis by project lead - Dr J. Guttierez-Marcos at the University of Warwick. These plants are transformed with a gene editing construct targetted to TaMAGO. |
Type Of Material | Biological samples |
Year Produced | 2019 |
Provided To Others? | No |
Impact | none as yet |
Description | Cambridge University DTP student cohort visit 2016 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Overview of crop transformation projects at NIAB. Discussion with visitors on how and why we make GM wheat crop plants using Takeall disease as an example of a project which could not be achieved without GM, plus our implementation of new technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a number of wheat and rice projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Cross institute Interdisciplinary Workshop - Predictive Breeding & Genomic Approaches Roslin Institute, Edinburgh |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Indian Female Leaders in Crop and Ag Science workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Emma Wallington gave a presentation of our GM projects with wheat, rice and OSR plus new developments in the technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, and examples of how we are using this technology in a number of wheat and rice projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | NIAB Directors Day displays 2016 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Practical demonstrations of crop tissue culture plus an overview of our GM projects focused on wheat, rice and OSR. We also included explanations of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, and examples of how we are using this in a number of wheat and rice projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | NIAB Open Day 2016 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Practical demonstrations of crop tissue culture plus an overview of our GM projects focused on wheat, rice and OSR. We also included explanations of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, and examples of how we are using this in a number of wheat and rice projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | NIAB Poster Day 2016 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Practical demonstration of tissue culture using a number of contrasting crop species plus an overview of crop transformation projects at NIAB. Discussion with wider NIAB staff and visitors on how and why we make GM wheat crop plants using Takeall disease as an example of a project which could not be achieved without GM, plus our implementation of new technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a number of wheat and rice projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | UEA/JIC MSc student visit (2016) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Practical demonstration and overview of our wheat, OSR and rice GM projects including the implementation and use of new developments such as gene editing in wheat and rice in relevant projects |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | University of Cambridge, Dept. of Plant Sciences student visit |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation with exhibits of some of our wheat and rice GM projects for two groups of undergraduate plant science students from University of Cambridge. The students were able to see all of the tissue culture stages in the wheat transformation process from immature embryo to transgenic wheat plants. The takeall project was presented as an example of a project which uses genetic modification to tackle a disease in wheat for which there is no resistance which can be bred in traditionally. New developments such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing were discussed, and the rationale for its implementation in a number of wheat and rice projects. The students were interested and engaged with our team to discuss the technologies, the practical applications and the regulatory landscape. We subsequently received applications for summer placements. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | University of Nottingham MSc student visit in Sept 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | General overview of crop transformation techniques used with a particular focus on specific wheat projects using transformation and gene editing. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Visit by Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International - May 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
Results and Impact | Presentation on the crop transformation at NIAB with particular focus on wheat transformation and gene editing projects |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Visit by officials and scientists from India Dept of Biotechnology in April 2019 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Talk on crop transformation activities at NIAB with a particular focus on wheat transformation and gene editing projects |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |