Understanding the emergence of variant infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in UK and India: shared control strategies
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Liverpool
Department Name: Institute of Infection and Global Health
Abstract
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Publications
Ganapathy K
(2020)
QX-like infectious bronchitis virus reported in India.
in The Veterinary record
Gowthaman V
(2020)
Infectious laryngotracheitis: Etiology, epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review.
in The veterinary quarterly
| Description | To date, the following were achieved:- i) Provided a clearer understanding on the immunopathogenesis of classical and variant IBVs (objective 1) ii) Provided laboratory training and online guidance for analysis and differentiation of IBV strains (objective 1) iii) Guided epidemiologically sound research methodology to undertake local research including sampling techniques (objective 2) Importantly, the key members of the collaboration, Prof. Khrisha Murthy and Dr Gowthaman Vasudevan, had productive interaction with our college working on AMR, Prof. Nicola Williams. This communication which was mediated by us has led to a successful research on AMR (Nicola Williams et al., Chicken or egg: Drivers for antimicrobial resistance in poultry in India). |
| Exploitation Route | We hope that the poultry industry in India will adopt improved IBV vaccination strategies as a result of this work. From 2022, onward the heterologous vaccination programmes are already coming into practice in Indian chicken farming |
| Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
| Description | Through our visits and meetings, it was made clearer that it is essential to know the circulating IBVs, in order to formulate a targeted control strategy. For this reason, the local researchers are undertaking an epidemiological study in Namakkal using methodologies discussed at the University of Liverpool. With our representation at the 'poultry veterinary federation' in India, a meeting of practicing poultry veterinarians, a clear message was shared on the control of IBV, basically using multiple serotype vaccines. |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | Increased efforts in isolating IBV QX in India |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| Description | ODA Research Seed Fund |
| Amount | £9,800 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | JXG11722 |
| Organisation | University of Liverpool |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 12/2018 |
| End | 07/2019 |
| Title | Epidemiological methods for IBV studies at Tamilnadu |
| Description | We assisted Dr Gowthaman and team in designing a study inTamilnadu (India). In this study, the Indian team was guided on number of flocks and number of birds within the flock that need to be sampled using epidmiological formula. It is expected that the Indian team will undertake the sampling from May 2018 to April 2019. As a follow-up, methods of analysis of data generated will be shared. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | no impact yet |
| Title | Epidemiological tools of serology and economic activity data analysis |
| Description | Dear Gowthaman, the PI in India visited Prof. Mathew Baylis and Dr Kannan Ganapathy at the University of Liverpool, to learn about data analysis. He was guided in detail on use of SPSS (and R) on analysis of ELISA data of poultry flocks from Namakkal layer farms. Also, using the same tool, he was guided on organisation of data, and analysis of the Covid data (collected from Namakkal poultry farmers). |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2022 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | Two manuscripts are in preparation for publication, i) IBV serology, ii) Impact of Covid on Namakkal poultry farmers |
| Title | Study design to survey the prevalence of IBV in egg laying flocks in Namakkal, India |
| Description | Two-stage sampling method for representative collection of samples from farms and flocks in Namakkal was designed, based of preliminary serological data collected by Dr Gowthaman. Dr Gowthaman to use this methodology in researching the prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases at Namakkal. Also, a questionnaire was design for collection of information on poultry management, biosecurity, health, production and economy of producers. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | The above methodology has provided in-road for a systematic sample collection and scientifically-sound analysis and interpretations of results. |
| Title | introduction tracheal organ culture for isolation of infectious bronchitis virus |
| Description | In the recent meeting, 6-7 February 2020, as requested by the TANUVAS Research Head, Prof. Dr Dhinakar Raj, following our publication that IBV QX is circulating in India, now we have shared methods on tracheal organ culture (TOC). In addition to egg inoculation, samples can be inoculated onto TOC in increasing the possibility of isolating IBV QX in India. |
| Type Of Material | Biological samples |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | This is not known yet. The TANUVAS laboratory to develop this method in their place. We will assist by providing the written methodologies and skype guidance. |
| Description | BBSRC India Link - IBV chicken |
| Organisation | National Institute for Animal Biotechnology |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | There will be shared information exchange on diagnosis and research of IBV, as Dr Madhuri Subbiah is a renown and active researcher in India. We may participate in proper valuation of IBV vaccine efficacy studies. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Dr Madhuri Subbiah from this institute is a leading researcher on avian/poultry diseases. She will be contributing in knowledge exchange and possibility of joint research grants in the near future. |
| Impact | no output yet |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | BBSRC India Link - IBV in chickens |
| Organisation | Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University |
| Country | India |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | F |
| Collaborator Contribution | The TANUVAS team is consisting of 5 people, ead by Dr V Gowthaman. |
| Impact | Dr Ganapathy visited Veterinary College Namakkal in July 2017 for initial talks with Indian partners to kick start the project. He visited the laboratories and interacted with researchers in the Namakkal. Also, presented a lecture on Infectious Bronchitis virus in chickens to postgraduate students in the college. Dr Ganapathy also assisted in the application of Dr Gowthaman to be nominated for the world veterinary poultry association's 'global veterinarians of the year'. In September 2017, Dr Gowthaman was awarded with this award at the conference at Edinburgh, Scotland. This collaboration is focuses on epidemiology, health and production of poultry in Tamilnadu India. In September, 2017, Dr Gowthaman visited University of Liverpool, for 3 days. He had meetings with Dr Ganapathy, Dr Chris Ball, Prof. Matthew Baylis and Prof. Jonathan Rushton. Various matters were discussed including IBV epidemiological studies, sample collection techniques, designing of questionnaire, economic studies of poultry farmers and programme for next one year. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | BBSRC India Link |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | in September 2018, Dr Gowthaman visited University of Liverpool, and had meeting with Prof. Matthew Baylis on epidemiology study designing, particularly for IBV in India. Also, Dr Gowthaman along the UK team, met Prof. Jonathan Rushton for possible study on economical impact of IBV on producers income. This is in-progress. In addition, Dr Gowthaman and Dr Ganapathy, met Prof. Nicola Williams on potential research on AMR in India. Following this meeting, Dr Gowthaman has been included as a team member in the AMR India research application of Prof. Williams. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | BBSRC India Link |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Dr Ganapathy, when was visiting the Namakkal Veterinary College, the Dean (Prof. Balasubramaniam) of the college requested him to present a talk on IBV to the postgraduate students, and poultry-related staff members. approximately 40 postgraduate and college staff members attended this talk. The talk was intended to highlight the IBV problems in India and worldwide, with emphasis on disease, diagnosis and control strategies. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | DEFEATING BIOTIC STRESSORS TO SAFEGUARD POULTRY PRODUCTION, HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | About 500 participants from veterinary and agricultural government and private institutions came for this Webinar (due to Covid-19 no face-2-face meetings). The coordinator reported high levels of satisfaction of the participants, and thanked for an active and engaging discussion. Main focus was to create awareness on the economic, health and welfare impact of infectious bronchitis virus. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Discussion with Dr Kanagi/Dr Mathuri at Hyderabad (26 November 2019) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Indian Centre for Agriculture Research - Hydrabad, meeting team of Dr Kanaki (one of the partner) and discussion on detection of respiratory pathogens including IBV, NDV and mycoplasmas. Dr Mathuri could not attend. Now, it was decided that the UoL will assist in molecular analysis of gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Discussion with smallholdler/backyard poultry owners at Namakkal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | In the visit to the Namakkal Veterinary College, in the process of participating with necropsy session, spoke to backyard/smallholders who were waiting outside the necropsy room for results. As I know can still speak the local language - Tamil, the conversation was useful to them, reference on disease, management and control. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | IBV sample processing, sequencing and vaccination strategies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The research team at Namakkal Vet College has collected samples from flocks suspected of IBV QX. Guided the team on sample processing, egg inoculation, RT-PCR and sequencing. Also, on request discussed potential vaccination strategies against IBV QX. Results of virus isolation and identification will be known soon. Farmer changing vaccination programme against IB. Online conference. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | IBV sample processing, sequencing and vaccination strategies |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | The research team at Namakkal Vet College has collected samples from flocks suspected of IBV QX. Guided the team on sample processing, egg inoculation, RT-PCR and sequencing. Also, on request discussed potential vaccination strategies against IBV QX. Results of virus isolation and identification will be known soon. Farmer changing vaccination programme against IB. Online conference. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Meeting - progresses and output planning |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | In this last meeting, discussion was held with all the collaborators in India, representing the states of Tamilnadu and Telangana India. Reviewed the work so far, and provided guidance of manuscript preparation - at least two publication, i) impact of Covid on Namakkal farmers, and ii) Molecular and serological prevalence of IBV in poultry in Namakkal, India. Potential future collaborations were discussed. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Presentation on research-led diagnosis and control of infectious bronchitis virus |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | As part of the visit to Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Science University for the BBSRC Partnering Award, Dr Ganapathy was requested to present a paper to a group of poultry practitioners from South India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu states). Participants benefited on our shared knowledge and expertise on infectious bronchitis disease - better control strategies. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Training on sampling methods |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Dr Gowthaman came to University of Liverpool, from 14th August to 7th September, 2022, for training on analysis of data related to impact of Covid-19 on poultry health and production in Namakkal, and to examine the serological data collected from Namakkal layer farms. He spent time with Prof Matthew Baylis on use of various analytical methods, including SPSS and R. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | UK-TANUVAS India joint meeting/seminar: 1-2 May 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | In this knowledge exchange meeting, participants from India - a total of 6 researchers/veterinarians, were invited to the University of Liverpool, for i) progress meetings and ii) day-seminar on poultry research. Outside speakers from the University of Nottingham (Janet Daly), University of Lancaster (Mohammed Munir) and Pirbright Institute (Prof. Munir Iqbal) were invited to attend the seminar. In addition, postdocs and postgraduates from the University of Liverpool were invited to the seminar. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | University of Liverpool-TANUVAS joint meeting at Chennai: 18 February 2019 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Following the BBSRC Partnering Award with TANUVAS, the University of Liverpool provided a supplementary fund through the Seed Fund 4 scheme (through competition). Meeting was held with the BBSRC Partners for a preliminary work to generate some local data on respiratory pathogens - infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. Representatives from Assam, Haryana, Telangana, Kerala and Tamilnadu were present. Activities were outlines according to the local regulations. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
| Description | Visit to Namakkal Veterinary College, TANUVAS, India: 6-7 Feb 2020 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Prof. Matthew Baylis and Dr Kannan Ganapathy visited the Namakkal Veterinary College. Had a meeting with the Indian partners on various matters - IBV sampling design and use of it at local research initiatives, first QX detection has been pubished however another 2 potential publications are due, future research activities beyond July 2020 (end of this partnering award). Tour of TANUVAS poultry laboratories also visiting a poultry egg laying farm. In addition, interactive session with local farmers and veterinarian took place at the veterinary college. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
| Description | Workshop - Poultry respiratory diseases:shared research and diagnostic approaches |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | About 40 participants, consisting of postgraduates and poultry/microbiology staff members, of research institutions in India attended a workshop on 'Poultry respiratory diseases: shared research and diagnostic approaches' on the 19th July 2018, at the Madras Veterinary College, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Science University. The meeting was jointly organised with University of Liverpool under the BBSRC Partnering Award. Broadly, increased researchers interest in poultry infectious diseases - research and diagnosis. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |