Intelligent Robots in Science and Society

Lead Research Organisation: University of the West of England
Department Name: Faculty of Environment and Technology

Abstract

I am privileged to lead the EPSRC public engagement project 'Walking with Robots', a project that is taking the UK's intelligent robotics research out of the research lab and into public spaces, science centres, science festivals and schools. Walking with Robots is proving to be an extraordinary success. In its first two years the project has either organised or participated in 160 different events and activities around the UK, reaching an audience of about 60,000. The project is educating and entertaining young children and their families, encouraging teenage children to think about what impact robots might have in their lifetimes and engaging adults in serious debates about the ethical questions raised by intelligent robots in society.I am passionate about science and engineering, and passionate about communicating science and engineering. I believe that there is much more that I can do to explain and interpret advances in the very broad and multidisciplinary field that intelligent robotics now is and, through robotics, convey the excitement and value of research to the public. Furthermore, my broad experience as an electronic engineer, entrepreneur and facilitator of knowledge transfer from research idea to commercial product, means that I can set my public engagement work in the real-world context of economics and wealth creation.I propose a Senior Media Fellowship with a focus on intelligent robots in science and society. A theme that will explore and explain the very rapid advances in intelligent robotics, and the wider implications of those advances to society. I propose a programme of media activities structured around my current research projects, especially EPSRC project 'The Emergence of Artificial Culture in Robot Societies'. Those activities will include a TV documentary telling the story of the artificial culture project as it unfolds. The project will encompass both traditional broadcast TV and online project TV; the latter designed to reach younger audiences and connect those audiences with research in a way that is not possible with traditional broadcast media.

Publications

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Grand A (2012) Open Science A New "Trust Technology"? in Science Communication

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Grand A (2010) Muddying the waters or clearing the stream: Open Science as a communication medium in Int. Conf. on Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST 2010)

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Grand A (2010) On open science public engagement with engineering in European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST 2010)

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Grand A (2012) It feels like the right thing to do: ethical perspectives of open science in Quality, honesty and beauty in science and technology communication (PCST 2012)

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Grand A (2016) Mapping the hinterland: Data issues in open science. in Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)

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Vanderelst D (2018) The Dark Side of Ethical Robots

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Winfield A (2019) Ethical standards in robotics and AI in Nature Electronics

 
Description The focus of this Senior Media Fellowship was Intelligent Robots in Science and Society. Its overall aim was to explore and explain the very rapid advances in intelligent robotics, and the wider implications of those advances to society.

In addition to broad coverage of Intelligent Robotics issues through public lectures and events, online engagement, press and media appearances, and print media, the Fellowship proactively developed two areas: Robot Ethics and Open Science.

As a result of the Fellowship Alan Winfield was appointed Director of the Science Communication Unit at UWE, Bristol.

In Robot Ethics Alan Winfield co-organised a workshop on Robot Ethics, which brought together senior figures from academia and industry from a wide range of disciplines including engineering, artificial intelligence, law, ethics and the social sciences. The workshop developed and in 2011 published a set of Principles of Robotics. Winfield widely disseminated these Principles both within the robotics community, and to the general public, provoking debate, raising awareness and generating press and media attention.

In Open Science Alan Winfield undertook two threads of activity. One was research to advance understanding of Open Science and its symbiotic role with Public Engagement; this research was undertaken through a successful PhD programme (Ann Grand, PhD). The other was advocacy, in calling for greater transparency in Science Engineering and Technology. Both research and advocacy were underpinned by using online Open Science approaches within Winfield's robotics research.

Summary of project outputs, including highlights:
* 35 public lectures and debates including: 3 lectures at the Royal Institution, 1 TEDx talk, 2 IET public lectures, and appearances at the Cheltenham and Edinburgh Science Festivals and the HowTheLightGetsIn Festival;
* 34 Press and Media appearances including: 30 minute documentary for Spanish TV, BBC TV Bang Goes the Theory webcast, interviews for 2 part BBC R4 radio series 'Robots that Care', film interviews for 3 other TV documentaries (BBC, National Geographic and Discovery Channel);
* 5 public engagement events including: Ignite Bristol (2011), Bright Club (science stand-up comedy), I'm a Scientist get me out of here (2011), and liaison with the London Science Museum to create the Robotville exhibition, the UK's contribution to European Robotics Week, 2011;
* 60 online articles (blog posts) with ~120,000 page views; the blog was ranked in the top ten computer science blogs in 2012;
* 9 print publications, including one book: Robotics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2012;
* 1 PhD completion.
Exploitation Route This Senior Media Fellowship was not primarily a research project. Most of its work including public lectures and events, online engagement, press and media appearances, and print media was for non-academic audiences. The Fellowship's work in Robot Ethics was also widely disseminated to non-academic audiences. Research findings in Open Science could be applied by other researchers who are seeking greater transparency for their research projects.
Sectors Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Electronics,Government, Democracy and Justice,Other

URL http://alanwinfield.blogspot.com
 
Description The findings of the Senior Media Fellowship have been used in a variety of ways, including: 1. Policy and standards: A major outcome was the drafting and publication of the EPSRC/AHRC principles of robotics. This was disseminated via the press and media (e.g. BBC and New Scientist), and via public lectures and debates, and has achieved significant traction in the robotics community. This led to Winfield's appointment to the British Standards Institute working group on Robot Ethics, and the recent publication - by the working group - of a draft document, for comment, which could become a candidate new standard. Further impact includes (i) Winfield's engagement in the wider European discourse on the Ethical, Legal and Societal impact of robotics, and (ii) Winfield's membership of an expert panel briefing for a G8 committee, on potential risks from robotics and AI. 2. New research directions: WInfield's work on robot ethics has led to new thinking and research toward ethical robots. This led to new collaborative EPSRC project Verifiable Autonomy (EP/L024861/1), with Fisher (Liverpool, project lead), and Veres (Sheffield), in which Winfield's work will be to research verifiable ethical robots. 3. Open Science. Research on the link between open science and public engagement, focussed on an EPSRC DTA funded PhD programme, has led to publications and wider impact, including for instance Winfield's involvement in the Governance work package of EU FET flagship bid Robot Companions, and an invitation, as speaker on open science, to 2014 H2020 European conference on Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). 4. Public discourse: More general impact has been to broad the public discourse on societal and economic impact of Intelligent Robotics through media, including online media. Evidence of this impact includes an invitation to contribute a chapter to NESTA book: Our work here is done - visions of a robot economy.
First Year Of Impact 2010
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Creative Economy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Other
Impact Types Cultural,Societal

 
Description Appointed to UK Space Agency Space Exploration Advisory Committee
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact It is clear that the economic scale and impact of the UK space industry is significant and growing, and I believe the SEAC contributes to that impact; as a member I hope I can make a small contribution to increasing that impact.
 
Description Attended a meeting with the Parliamentary Select Committee on Business, Energy and Industry Strategy to discuss the future of work in the light of advances in robotics and AI.
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Chair of IEEE Standards Association working group P7001 drafting a new standard on Transparency in Autonomous Systems
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
URL http://sites.ieee.org/sagroups-7001/
 
Description Invited to give oral evidence to the Lords Select Committee inquiry on Artificial Intelligence
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
URL http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/artificial-intellig...
 
Description Invited to participate in an expert briefing to a G8 committee
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Member of British Standards Institute working group on Robot Ethics, part of technical committee AMT/010 on robotics and robot devices
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
Impact The work resulted in publication of a new British Standard - BS8611:2016 Robots and robotic devices. Guide to the ethical design and application of robots and robotic systems, in April 2016.
URL http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail?pid=000000000030320089
 
Description Membership of the World Economic Forum Global Futures Council on Future Technology Values and Policy
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
URL https://www.weforum.org/communities/the-future-of-technology-values-policy
 
Description Membership of the expert advisory panel of the Topol Review
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact Alan Winfield contributed to the NHS Health Education England review, led by Dr Eric Topol, which led to publication of the final report "Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future" - an independent report on behalf of the secretary of state for Health and Social Care, published in February 2019. Alan Winfield was a member of both Robotics & AI and ethics panels.
URL https://www.hee.nhs.uk/our-work/topol-review
 
Description Participation in the IEEE Standards Association Global Initiative on Ethical Considerations in the Design of AI and Autonomous Systems, as chair of the General Principles committee
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
Impact The first output of this work is discussion document: Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision for Prioritizing Human Wellbeing with Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
URL https://standards.ieee.org/develop/indconn/ec/autonomous_systems.html
 
Description Provided written evidence to the Parliamentary Select Committee on Science and Technology inquiry on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmsctech/145/145.pdf
 
Description Debating driverless futures: Anticipatory governance and responsible innovation for self-driving cars
Amount £500,089 (GBP)
Funding ID ES/S001832/1 
Organisation Economic and Social Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2019 
End 12/2022
 
Description Standard Research scheme, project Verifiable Autonomy
Amount £340,338 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/L024861/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 10/2014 
End 03/2018
 
Description Appearance as a guest on BBC R4 series The Life Scientific 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A received a significant level of feedback and interest folllowing the broadcast of this programme in February 2017, including a number of invitations to give talks or participate in panels on robot ethics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08ffv2l
 
Description Autonomous Robots panel debate, Cheltenham 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The debate - illustrated with real robot demonstrations and chaired by Timandra Harkness, generated excellent questions and discussion, especially from younger members of the audience.

Several people reported that fears about robot autonomy were allayed, and understanding of robot autonomy deepened.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Bristol Museums Winter lecture 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk 'The Robots of the Bristol Robotics Lab' generated great audience questions - especially from young people, and discussion.

Several young people asked for advice on how to study robotics, and a number of follow-up visits to the lab were arranged.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Bristol TEDx talk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk 'How to make an artificial companion you can really trust' generated great questions and debate.

Follow-up visits to the lab.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description CaSE Annual Lecture 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The Campaign for Science and Engineering (CaSE) Annual Lecture 2018 was on the theme of: 'Making Artificial Intelligence A Reality', and consisted of a panel debate with myself and Dame Wendy Hall, chaired by Professor Jim Al Khalili. The event was hosted by the Institute of Physics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/engaging-with-policy/events/case-annual-lecture-2018-ai.html
 
Description Can Robots Think, panel debate at Cheltenham Science Festival 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The panel, with Professors Murray Shanahan and Lilian Edwards, prompted very lively questions and debate.

Audience members reported that the panel deepened their understanding of robot intelligence.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Christmas Lecture, Nottingham Medico-Chirurgical Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This evening Christmas lecture for families and medical practitioners, organised by the Nottingham Medico-Chirurgical Society, sparked a great deal of discussion and interest.

Several audience members remarked that they were much less afraid of robots than they had been; others said that the talk had helped them to better understand and interpret developments in robotics that appear in the press and media.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description DAVOS 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Invitation by NATURE to present work on Ethical Robots as part of an IdeasLab at the World Economic Forum 2016, in Davos Switzerland.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZ2zHL4x5r8&index=3&list=PL7m903CwFUgkv0-OOrqJaZNgO4_AhWJWG
 
Description Dances with Robots, Ignite 20x20 talk, Spike Island, Bristol 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk sparked a good deal of interest in the EPSRC Artificial Culture project.

A number of people, including press and media, contacted me following the talk.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QTEJ1sypKM
 
Description Festival of Ideas, Bristol 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk asked the question: Can Robots teach us about Culture? And sparked a good deal of discussion.

Audience members reported that they had not realised that experiments with robots might reveal something about the evolution of culture.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description IET Public Lecture, Sheffield 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact In this talk 'The Ethical Roboticist' I advocated an ethical approach to the development and application of robots. A great deal of interest and discussion was generated.

Audience members explained to me that they had not previously considered the ethical dimension of robotics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description IET/AFR event Robotics: from innovation to service 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact My talk 'New robotics and new opportunities' was followed by a panel debate, chaired by Quentin Cooper; there were excellent questions and debate from both professional and non-professional audience members.

Some difficult questions about the economic and social impact of robots were raised and discussed.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Ikeda elementary school talk, Osaka, Japan 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Organised and facilitated by the British Embassy, Tokyo, this talk and swarm robotics demonstration generated discussion about robotics with children, parents and teachers.

No notable impacts that I am aware of.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
URL http://www.alanwinfield.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/e-pucks-in-osaka.html
 
Description International Robot Workshop, Osaka, Japan 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Organised and facilitated by the Bristol Embassy in Tokyo, the talk sparked a great deal of interest in the work of the Bristol Robotics Lab.

Strengthening links between UK and Japanese robotics communities.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description Interviewed by Stephen Sackur for BBC News programme HARDtalk 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I have received very positive feedback following this interview, which was first broadcast in October 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5cW76iRDpo
 
Description Invited panelist at When will Robots Outsmart us?, Royal Society panel at the Science Museum, London, 21 July 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This was a very engaging panel with excellent Q&A from audience members, chaired by Dr Adam Rutherford.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/2017/07/science-museum-ai-panel/
 
Description Invited speaker at Machine Morality: Robot Ethics in the 21st Century, Royal Institution, London, 22 June 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Co-organised by the French Embassy, this event at the Royal Institution included talks by myself and Prof Raja Chatila, followed by a chaired debate including audience Q&A.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.rigb.org/whats-on/events-2017/june/public-machine-morality-robot-ethics-in-the-21st-centu...
 
Description Invited talk at AI@Oxford, September 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Alan Winfield gave a short (10 minute) invited talk entitled 'What could possibly go wrong? Why we need Robot Accident Investigations', presenting the RoboTIPS project, on Tuesday 17 September 2019 at AI@Oxford (billed as Oxford's first major international conference on Artificial Intelligence).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://alanwinfield.blogspot.com/2019/09/whats-worst-that-could-happen-why-we.html
 
Description Invited talk for Bristol Model Engineering Society, Bristol February 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Alan Winfield gave an invited talk to the Bristol Model Engineers Society (founded 1909) on 19 February 2020, entitled: Robot bodies and how to evolve them. The talk outlined the work of the Autonomous Robot Evolution project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Invited to give the annual Parliamentary Advisory Council on Transport Safety (PACTS) Lecture, Palace of Westminster, London, 11 December 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Introduced by Barry Sheerman MP, I gave a lecture entitled: The implications of robots in the transport sector
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.pacts.org.uk/2017/11/the-2017-westminster-lecture-on-transport-safety/
 
Description IoP Physics in Perspective Lecture, Royal Institution, London 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact The talk and practical demonstration generated great interest, questions and discussion from the teenage audience members.

Several audience members asked questions about which A-level or degree courses they should pursue, in order to study and work in robotics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description Kelvin Lecture for the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I was invited to a give a public lecture for the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow, on the subject of 'The Thinking Robot'. At the end of the lecture I was awarded the 2018-19 Kelvin Medal.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL http://royalphil.org/Sessions/Session-217/Lecture%20217-8.pdf
 
Description Keynote lecture for the York Festival of Ideas 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Alan Winfield was invited to give the keynote lecture for the theme 'Artificial Intelligence: Promises and Perils' hosted by the University of York as part of the York Festival of Ideas. The keynote was entitled What is Artificial Intelligence? and was chaired by Sir Malcolm Grant. Autonomous Robot Evolution was one of the projects used to illustrate the talk.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://yorkfestivalofideas.com/2018/talks/what-is-ai/
 
Description Lecture to launch the Centre for Internet Law and Policy, University of Strathclyde 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The talk 'Regulating Robots: re-writing Asimov's Laws for the Real World', given jointly with Professor Lilian Edwards, sparked discussion with Law academics and practitioners.

Several people contacted me following the talk, including a law firm asking me to give an in-house seminar on the subject of intelligent robots.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description Ron Arad lecture, British Technion Society, Royal College of Physicians, London 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk was organised by the British Technion Society and given jointly by myself and Dr Alon Wolf, of the Technion, Israel; our talk generated a great deal of interest and discussion.

The primary impact was to start a new collaboration with Alan Wolf and the Technion, Haifa.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009,2010
 
Description Talk for Ethical, Legal and Societal Issues Workshop, European Robotics Forum, Vasteraas, Sweden 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact I introduced the wider European community to the UK EPSRC/AHRC Principles of Robotics

I have become involved in the wider EU discourse on Ethical, Legal and Societal issues in robotics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description Talk for University of the Third Age (U3A), Weston super Mare 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The talk sparked a great deal of discussion afterwards, and several people contacted me directly as a result with follow-up questions.

After the talk, several audience members remarked that they were much less fearful of robots than they had been; others said that the talk would help them to better understand and interpret developments in robotics that appear in the press and media.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009
 
Description The Thinking Robot, Public Lecture at Edinburgh Science Festival 2012 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? Yes
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A great deal of interest and discussion was generated by the talk.

One outcome was an extended interview by the EU AWARE project, published online.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1hjl1ghzPY
 
Description Tomorrow's Technology talk, Royal Institution, London 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact The talk prompted great excitement, questions and discussion.

Several people attending the talk asked me how they could pursue robotics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2009