Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis
Lead Research Organisation:
Brunel University London
Department Name: Mathematics
Abstract
In the UK in 2006 coronary heart disease (CHD) caused over 16% of all deaths (94,381 out of 571,034). Of these, 95% (89,817) occurred in people over the age of fifty-five. The cost of health care was estimated at 3.2 billion (50 per capita), the additional economic cost due to lost working days has been estimated at 3.9 billion, and the cost of informal care of patients, at 1.8 billion.Coronary heart disease is an expensive killer. It places a huge burden on the taxpayer, costing nearly 9 billion per year which, with the acknowledged and inexorable trend toward an ageing population, will continue to grow year by year.The term CHD is one of a number that refer to the disease of atherosclerosis, wherein atheromatous plaques (fat and calcium deposits) accumulate in an artery wall to form a partial blockage and thereby cause myocardial ischaemia (inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle). In time, so-called vulnerable plaques undergo a sudden rupture and activate the body's blood-clotting mechanism. This occludes the artery and leads to (the most common form of) myocardial infarction: a 'heart attack'.There is currently no 'standard' screening tool for CHD. Patients who consult their doctor are already in some discomfort and the subsequent diagnosis requires the intervention of, and examination by, highly specialized medical practitioners.We propose a proof-of-concept investigation which connects computational applied mathematics to biotechnology. A successful outcome would provide a relatively cheap screening and diagnosis tool for CHD which could be targeted towards 'at-risk' population groups.An arterial stenosis has an acoustic signature (bruit) which is triggered by the resulting turbulent blood flow impacting on the artery walls. This causes low amplitude displacement waves (shear waves) to travel through the chest, which then manifest themselves as disturbances on the chest surface. These disturbances can be measured non-invasively by placing sensors on the skin.The generation of waves at the artery wall, their transmission through the chest, and their appearance at the chest surface, can all be described by a detailed mathematical model which describes the viscoelastic nature of human tissue (heart, lungs, muscle etc). The entire model can be simulated in software as a virtual chest thus obviating the need, in the early proof-of-concept development stage, for clinical tests on real people.We propose to develop and implement this virtual chest in theory and in software and to validate it by experiment in order to evaluate this approach in terms of an effective 'early days screening process' for an at-risk population. This task consists of two parts (the direct and inverse solver) both of which will be calibrated and tested by experiments on a realistic mechanical model of the chest.Specifically, the virtual chest will be formulated mathematically, implemented computationally and tested experimentally. An initial guess at the arterial disturbance will, via the direct problem, predict the surface disturbances at the chest wall. The difference between these and measured values will form an iterative inverse solver procedure which will modify the arterial disturbance until the difference between the measured and computed values is minimised.Once this direct-inverse solution iteration has finished, the surface measurements have been decoded by the mathematics and software into the arterial impacts. These can, potentially, be used to indicate the presence, size, location and morphology of the stenosis. It is this potential for diagnosis that this project seeks to investigate and evaluate through a fundamental study involving mathematical modelling and analysis, computational simulation, and validation through experimentation on chest phantoms filled with tissue-mimicking gel.
People |
ORCID iD |
Simon Shaw (Principal Investigator) | |
John Whiteman (Co-Investigator) |
Publications
Banks HT
(2014)
High-order space-time finite element schemes for acoustic and viscodynamic wave equations with temporal decoupling.
in International journal for numerical methods in engineering
Banks HT
(2014)
Model validation for a noninvasive arterial stenosis detection problem.
in Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE
Brewin MP
(2015)
Characterisation of Elastic and Acoustic Properties of an Agar-Based Tissue Mimicking Material.
in Annals of biomedical engineering
Carola Kruse (Co-Author)
(2012)
Computational Methods for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease
John Whiteman (Co-Author)
(2012)
Development of novel methods of numerical computation as applied to wave propagation in viscoelastic media
Description | In data that is yet to be published we believe that the original aim of noninvasive computational detection of coronary artery stenosis is still worthy of pursuing. |
Exploitation Route | Material data for tissue mimicking gels has been published, as has a method for high order computation of dynamic response. |
Sectors | Healthcare |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Fund |
Amount | £24,540 (GBP) |
Organisation | Brunel University London |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2017 |
End | 12/2017 |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Project 2017 |
Organisation | Brunel University London |
Department | Centre for Child and Youth Research |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | To work under Brunel University Research Catalyst funding to further develop the approach for noninvasive computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Experiments with tissue mimicking gels will be executed in a wet lab and they will be used to validate computer simulations based on finite element methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Ashraf Khir (Biomedical Engineering, Brunel) and Stephen E Greenwald (Queen Mary London) will carry out experiments in Khir's lab. Greenwald is giving approximately one day per month through the year to this project as an in-kind contribution. Paresh Date (Smart Power Networks, Brunel) brings expertise in particle filtering, an ingredient to the computational mathematics that will be prototyped to detect signal-generating lesions in soft tissue mimics. John R Whiteman and Simon Shaw (Structural Integrity, Brunel) will contribute expertise in the development of bespoke finite element methods. Emmanuel Drakakis (Imperial College London) brings his expertise in the design and specification of surface-mounted sensors. |
Impact | None as yet. Very early days. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Project 2017 |
Organisation | Brunel University London |
Department | Smart Power Networks |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | To work under Brunel University Research Catalyst funding to further develop the approach for noninvasive computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Experiments with tissue mimicking gels will be executed in a wet lab and they will be used to validate computer simulations based on finite element methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Ashraf Khir (Biomedical Engineering, Brunel) and Stephen E Greenwald (Queen Mary London) will carry out experiments in Khir's lab. Greenwald is giving approximately one day per month through the year to this project as an in-kind contribution. Paresh Date (Smart Power Networks, Brunel) brings expertise in particle filtering, an ingredient to the computational mathematics that will be prototyped to detect signal-generating lesions in soft tissue mimics. John R Whiteman and Simon Shaw (Structural Integrity, Brunel) will contribute expertise in the development of bespoke finite element methods. Emmanuel Drakakis (Imperial College London) brings his expertise in the design and specification of surface-mounted sensors. |
Impact | None as yet. Very early days. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Project 2017 |
Organisation | Brunel University London |
Department | Structural Integrity Research Theme |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | To work under Brunel University Research Catalyst funding to further develop the approach for noninvasive computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Experiments with tissue mimicking gels will be executed in a wet lab and they will be used to validate computer simulations based on finite element methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Ashraf Khir (Biomedical Engineering, Brunel) and Stephen E Greenwald (Queen Mary London) will carry out experiments in Khir's lab. Greenwald is giving approximately one day per month through the year to this project as an in-kind contribution. Paresh Date (Smart Power Networks, Brunel) brings expertise in particle filtering, an ingredient to the computational mathematics that will be prototyped to detect signal-generating lesions in soft tissue mimics. John R Whiteman and Simon Shaw (Structural Integrity, Brunel) will contribute expertise in the development of bespoke finite element methods. Emmanuel Drakakis (Imperial College London) brings his expertise in the design and specification of surface-mounted sensors. |
Impact | None as yet. Very early days. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Project 2017 |
Organisation | Imperial College London |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | To work under Brunel University Research Catalyst funding to further develop the approach for noninvasive computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Experiments with tissue mimicking gels will be executed in a wet lab and they will be used to validate computer simulations based on finite element methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Ashraf Khir (Biomedical Engineering, Brunel) and Stephen E Greenwald (Queen Mary London) will carry out experiments in Khir's lab. Greenwald is giving approximately one day per month through the year to this project as an in-kind contribution. Paresh Date (Smart Power Networks, Brunel) brings expertise in particle filtering, an ingredient to the computational mathematics that will be prototyped to detect signal-generating lesions in soft tissue mimics. John R Whiteman and Simon Shaw (Structural Integrity, Brunel) will contribute expertise in the development of bespoke finite element methods. Emmanuel Drakakis (Imperial College London) brings his expertise in the design and specification of surface-mounted sensors. |
Impact | None as yet. Very early days. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | Research Institutes Research Catalyst Project 2017 |
Organisation | Queen Mary University of London |
Department | Institute of Dentistry |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Hospitals |
PI Contribution | To work under Brunel University Research Catalyst funding to further develop the approach for noninvasive computational diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Experiments with tissue mimicking gels will be executed in a wet lab and they will be used to validate computer simulations based on finite element methods. |
Collaborator Contribution | Ashraf Khir (Biomedical Engineering, Brunel) and Stephen E Greenwald (Queen Mary London) will carry out experiments in Khir's lab. Greenwald is giving approximately one day per month through the year to this project as an in-kind contribution. Paresh Date (Smart Power Networks, Brunel) brings expertise in particle filtering, an ingredient to the computational mathematics that will be prototyped to detect signal-generating lesions in soft tissue mimics. John R Whiteman and Simon Shaw (Structural Integrity, Brunel) will contribute expertise in the development of bespoke finite element methods. Emmanuel Drakakis (Imperial College London) brings his expertise in the design and specification of surface-mounted sensors. |
Impact | None as yet. Very early days. |
Start Year | 2016 |
Description | 15th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME2013), Singapore 4-7 December 2013 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Shaw and Greenwald presented at the 15th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME2013), Singapore 4-7 December 2013. Greenwald: Computational diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis: experimental measurement of wave propagation in soft tissue mimicking gel Shaw: Towards Computational Diagnosis Of Coronary Artery Disease |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013 |
Description | Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering (CMMSE), July 2014 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation by JR Whiteman at Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering, Cadiz, July 3-7, 2014: Towards a Proof-of-Concept for Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014 |
Description | Conference Presentation - ICBT 2015 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Presentation entitled: Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Disease: computational aspects At: International Conference on Biomedical Technology 28-30 October 2015, Hannover, Germany Minisymposium: Cardiovascular Biomechanics in Health and Disease |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.icbt15.uni-hannover.de |
Description | Conference Presentation: USNCM 2015 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference Presentation: Towards Computational Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease 13-th US national congress on computational mechanics, San Diego, USA, 26-30 July 2015 Minisymposium: Computational Modeling and Simulation of the Cardiovascular System |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://13.usnccm.org |
Description | Conference Presentation: WCB 2015 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference Presentation: Towards Computational Diagnosis Of Coronary Artery Disease 7th World Congress of Biomechanics from July 6-11, 2014, Boston (USA) Track: Tissue Biomechanics. Session: Arterial stiffness - measurement, modelling and pathophysiology |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | https://esbiomech.org/newsletter/esbiomech-newsletter-autumn-2013/7th-world-congress-of-biomechanics... |
Description | Conference Presentation: WCCM 2015 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Conference Presentation: Sharp Estimates for Some Problems with Fading Memory Minisymposium: Applications of error estimation and model adaptation in Computational Mechanics WCCM XI - ECCM V - ECFD VI - Barcelona 2014 11th World Conference on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI) 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V) 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI) Barcelona, 20th-25th July 2014 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
URL | http://www.wccm-eccm-ecfd2014.org/frontal/default.asp |
Description | Mathematical Analysis of Metamaterials and Applications Workshop |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited speaker/participant at the Tsinghua Sanya International Mathematics Forum (TSIMF) Mathematical Analysis of Metamaterials and Applications Workshop, 5-9 December 2016. Specialist meeting to disseminate and engage on frontier research in the computational simulation of dispersive metamaterials. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://ymsc.tsinghua.edu.cn/sanya/2016/MAMAA2016/synopsis_and_organizers.aspx |
Description | Outreach - Chiswick School, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Outreach talk to Year 12 students on applications of maths, with our research on 'Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis' given as a specific example. I will be invited back next year - the talk was very well received by teachers and students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Outreach Talk - Peter Symonds College, Winchester |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Outreach talk to Year 12 students on applications of maths, with our research on 'Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis' given as a specific example. I will be invited back next year - the talk was very well received by teachers and students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Outreach Talk - Richmond College, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Outreach talk to Year 12 students on applications of maths, with our research on 'Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis' given as a specific example. I will be invited back next year - the talk was very well received by teachers and students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Outreach Talk - Woking College, Surrey |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Outreach talk to Year 12, 13 students on applications of maths, with our research on 'Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis' given as a specific example. I will be invited back next year - the talk was very well received by teachers and students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Outreach talk - Harrow College, London |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | Outreach talk to Year 12, 13 students on applications of maths, with our research on 'Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Stenosis' given as a specific example. I will be invited back next year - the talk was very well received by teachers and students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
Description | Workshop Presentation - BIRS 2016 |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Workshop Presentation: Acoustic Localisation of Coronary Artery Disease Banff International Research Station, Canada Programme: Computational and Numerical Analysis of Transient Problems in Acoustics, Elasticity, and Electromagnetism January 17-22, 2016 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
URL | http://www.birs.ca/events/2016/5-day-workshops/16w5071 |