RCaH Impact Acceleration Fellowships and Workshops

Lead Research Organisation: University of Manchester
Department Name: Materials

Abstract

Four multidisciplinary research groups have been funded by an open EPSRC call to undertake "cutting-edge" research, and to facilitate this the groups have been housed in the purpose built Research Complex on the Harwell Science and Technology site, at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), so that the groups have ready access to the world-leading synchrotron, neutron and laser facilities at RAL.

The four groups comprise:
I. The UK Catalysis Hub: The Hub has four main areas of research: catalysis and energy, catalysis in protection of the environment, chemical transformations and catalysis by design. The physical base at Harwell coordinates Hub activities as well as hosting the design theme projects and providing residence to over 20 full time researchers. The Hub network brings together a multi-disciplinary approach to tackling catalytic challenges incorporating world-leading academics in their respective areas.
II. The Structural evolution across multiple time and length scales MXIF@RCaH Group: The MXIF@RCaH team has a strong culture of knowledge exchange across disciplines, identifying and undertaking challenging 'step-jump' imaging experiments to study "Structural evolution across multiple time and length scales".
III. The Dynamic Structural Science Consortium (DySS): This consortium makes full use of the Diamond synchrotron, the ISIS neutron and the Central Laser facilities to develop techniques for following chemical and biological processes, in the solid-state and in solution, over timescales of picoseconds to minutes.
IV. The Phase Modulation Technology for X-ray Imaging Group: This team from UCL and Sheffield University is developing new optics for X-ray imaging and has pioneered a new "single-shot" X-ray method.

These four groups have been working successfully at the RCaH since 2011, and at the recent mid-term review have been encouraged to achieve "even greater impact by increasing the interaction between the four groups" and "developing greater industrial involvement in order to make the project more sustainable and guarantee the potential for high impact research and development".

Through the Impact Acceleration funding that the four groups are now jointly applying for we wish to achieve these targets by appointing 8 Impact Acceleration Fellows (4 Academic and 4 Industrial) for periods of up to six months, who will each span the research fields of two or more of the RCaH groups and/or will have strong industrial links. The Fellows, who will be international experts in their own areas, will be tasked with fostering the academic and industrial links between the four groups at the RCaH and the wider international academic and industrial communities.

Secondly, we wish to run 8 Workshops during the next two years to further facilitate the interactions between the four groups, between the groups and the wider academic and industrial communities, and to focus on the development of early career researchers working in the science areas of the groups at the RCaH. The workshops will alternate between scientific dissemination format, translation to Industry format, and Early Career Idea Factories. We will invite internationally leading academic and industrialists for the scientific dissemination format and translation to industry format workshops, and encourage the early career researchers already working at the RCaH to develop their own idea factory workshops.

Through these activities we will accelerate the impact of the high quality science being undertaken by the four EPSRC-sponsored groups at the RCaH.

Planned Impact

The RCaH is uniquely placed to benefit from the world-leading facilities available on the RAL campus, with the EPSRC groups well-placed scientifically to exploit this position. The mid-term review of these programmes highlighted the excellence of each individual group, and the further benefits, especially on impact, if the groups are brought together. A core impact will be this cross fertilisation, and results it seeds. Further, by bringing in 8 leading experts (both academic and industrial) and provide them with the time to facilitate these interactions, they will also insure wide ranging benefits and impact on the academic community and on industrial and manufacturing sectors in the UK; it will also have broader economic, environmental and social impact.

Although the exact impacts will differ for each of the newly stimulated interactions, two exemplar areas are detailed below:

Multi-scale, coherent diffraction imaging of catalysts: An Impact acceleration fellow will bring together the Catalysis Hub and two x-ray imaging groups, and DLS to produce a technique which can be used for fast screening of commercial catalysts and novel materials. Catalysis is at the heart of the UK's Chemical sector, and such a technique will directly impact on companies such as GSK, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Johnson Matthey, BP and Unilever. It will also lead to more sustain

Next Generation Scaffolds: These project will combined the MXIF, DySS, laser, DLS and BBSRC groups, together with SME Industry to transition novel flexible bioactive glass scaffolds from the petri dish to the body. These materials both actively induce wound healing, whilst providing an anti-microbial delivery method. The potential societal impact is large, as currently, more than 200,000 patients in the UK alone suffer from chronic wounds (NHS spend is £2.3-3.1bn per year in this area).

Another strong impact will be on Early Career Researchers. Not only will we run specialised workshops, but it is envisaged that the Early Career Researchers at RCaH will be pioneers in the collaborative method of working fostered by RCaH. Via hosting 8 workshops, the scientific, industrial, educational impact will be translated to the broader academic and industrial communities.

Our proposed exchange of ideas and business focused interaction between the four groups at RCaH and incoming Fellows will lead to a step change in the way research is viewed and performed leading to high impact outputs, new business opportunities and potential spinouts.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description This grant enabled the collaboration with both international academics and industry. It resulted in our developing x-ray imaging techniques and applying them to better understand processes, including: 1. the solidification and ageing of both micro-alloyed steels and aluminium alloys via both 4D synchrotron tomography and small angle X-ray and neutron scatter; 2. the impact of fibre orientation, layout and type on the strength of paper; and 3. the multi-scale heirarcical nature of automotive catalysis constructs.

Aluminium alloys
The SAXS study permitted the analysis of a statistically significant numbers of nanoscale precipitates (billions) as compared to electron microscopy (hundreds). Two cast aluminium alloys were studied and SAXS results compared well with transmission electron microscopy. The results provide evidence that multi-component Al-Zr-V-Si alloys have a significant volume fraction of thermally stable nanoscale precipitates which can provide additional high temperature strengthening.

Microalloy steels
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study nanoscale carbide precipitates in an advanced high strength steel with potential application as highly formable sheet in the automotive industry. In a novel approach, combing analysis of nuclear and magnetic scattering, it was possible to measure nanoscale precipitate size (averaged over billions of precipitates) and volume fraction as a function of thermal processing treatments. These measurements were used in a dislocation model to predict variation in hardness and strength of the alloy which is in agreement with experimental data. Modelling of the neutron scattering behaviour provided further insight into the shape and composition of the nanoscale vanadium carbide present in the alloy and agreed with high resolution electron microscopy of individual particles.

Paper
The 4D X-ray synchrotron imaging study permitted the direct 3D imaging of tensile deformation and fracture in Canadian softwood paper sheets. The experiments were conducted on three handsheets, produced from pulp that was low consistency refined at 0 kWh/t and 100 kWh/t and either air-dried in restraint or freeze-dried. The fibre deformation was found to be highly complex; initially being accommodated via straightening resulting in fibre separation and then complete fibre pull-out or fibre fracture. The 3D strain fields, computed by Digital Volume Correlation, revealed increasing out-of-plane deformation in samples with decreasing inter-fibre bonding. It was shown that the accumulated out-of-plane deformations could be used as a metric to quantify the relative contribution of inter-fibre bond breakage, and subsequently, fibre pull-out during tensile deformation of handsheets. Fibre pull-out and fibre fracture are thought to be the two dominant failure mechanisms of softwood. paper. The results demonstrate that 4D imaging provides new insights into paper deformation mechanisms
Exploitation Route The results demonstrate specific applications of synchrotron and neutron imaging to three different materials, suggesting that the techniques may be applicable to a much wider range of materials.
Sectors Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Energy,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Transport

 
Description Small angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons have been employed within the framework of this grant to study the nano-precipitation behaviour in complex industrially relevant aluminium alloys and steels; both used in automotive applications. Journal publications on these metallurgical systems demonstrate the advances that we have made in using and applying small angle scattering techniques at Diamond and ISIS. The collaborations forged with both Tata Steel and with Ford illustrate the potential for these studies to be translated into changed industrial practice and, ultimately, to the development of new and improved alloys capable of reducing energy consumption in the automotive sector. 4D X-ray synchrotron imaging at the Diamond Light Source has been employed within the framework of this grant to study the deformation of Canadian softwood pulp fibres used in a wide range of applications from printing to electronics. Through a collaborative project with Canfor Corp., two main mechanisms (fibre pull-out and fibre fracture) were observed. This work has demonstrated the industrial advances that can be made in using and applying synchrotron tomography imaging techniques to cellulose materials. Ultimately, this work will lead to improved industrial practice and enhanced use of environmentally-friendly paper-based products. The research has been presented at the Fundamental Research Symposium (the top world-wide paper physics conference, held every 4 years, Oxford, Sept. 2017), where it received very positive reviews and high interest by university and corporate research groups in Sweden, Austria, and Canada.
First Year Of Impact 2016
Sector Energy,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology
Impact Types Economic

 
Description EPSRC IAA: Chemical Imaging device for additive manufacturing processes (EP/R511638/1)
Amount £99,924 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/R511638/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 10/2020 
End 03/2022
 
Description Imaging dynamics in biophysical/biochemical processes across the hierarchical scales (BioPro Network)
Amount £609,196 (GBP)
Funding ID MR/R025673/1 
Organisation Medical Research Council (MRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 05/2018 
End 04/2022
 
Description MAPP: EPSRC Future Manufacturing Hub in Manufacture using Advanced Powder Processes
Amount £10,315,413 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/P006566/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 10/2016 
End 09/2023
 
Description National Research Facility for Lab X-ray CT
Amount £10,091,511 (GBP)
Funding ID EP/T02593X/1 
Organisation Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 07/2020 
End 07/2025
 
Description RAEng CiET: Transforming Additive Manufacturing Via Multiscale Imaging (TAMMI)
Amount £2,687,000 (GBP)
Organisation Royal Academy of Engineering 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 04/2019 
End 03/2029
 
Description Ford and Tata Steel 
Organisation Ford Motor Company
Country United States 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Industrial collaborations with Ford and with Tata Steel have been sustained and further developed through the Impact Acceleration Fellowship. One of the outcomes of the Fellowship has been greater links with Ford on alloy development for next generation automotive engines. Their overall aim is to manufacture engine parts with mechanical properties that are retained to higher temperatures and hence improve engine efficiency, reduce emissions and make better use of energy resources. A programme of fundamental science has been initiated between Prof Lee's group and Ford to provide fundamental understanding of precipitation in Al alloys for such applications. This involves a small angle X-ray scattering study at Diamond to complement other work on material properties and microstructural characterization.
Collaborator Contribution The companies have provided a range of alloys and expertise, as well as EM characterisation.
Impact ICME tools have developed that are being used to optimise components.
 
Description UCL and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay collaboration 
Organisation Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Country India 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Provide training, technical support and intellectual contribution. Hosted visits at Harwell of scholars from IITB.
Collaborator Contribution Workshop on in situ X-ray imaging: applications and modelling.
Impact Collaboration paper and conference talks.
Start Year 2019
 
Description 2016 Royal Society Summer Exhibition: 4D Science 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This exhibition on "4D Science" highlighted how we've used 4D synchrotron X-ray tomography to solve a range of challenges from materials science to geology to food stuffs. Highlights included replicating the flow of magma to better understand volcanic eruptions, to the coarsening of ice crystals to understand why some ice cream tastes better. 16,000 visitors came to the week long exhibition. The Lee group led the work, together with Diamond Light Source, the Lavallee group at Liverpool, the Research Complex at Harwell, and Unilever.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/summer-science-exhibition/exhibits/4d-science/
 
Description 8th World Congress of Biomechanics 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Disney, MicroCT and digital volume correlation measurement of strain in the intervertebral disc"
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL http://www.wcb2018.com
 
Description Arkwright Mentor, D Rees 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact D Rees became an Arkwright Mentor from April 2020 who commited a few hours per month to an A-level student. He provided the student a structural design project to develop and test a quadcopter rotor arm, gave them hands-on experience with CAD design, FEA modelling, materials selection, manufacturing, and testing.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description BBC Radio 1, Oxford 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact PDL Interviewed live about ice cream on the Lilley Mitchell Show
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06dbv10
 
Description Diamond Open Days and School Visit Days 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Diamond Light Source holds both regular open days for the general public, and also separate days for school visits. Being based in the RCaH, my group regularly sets up one stand or posters as part of many activities. Demonstrations included 3D printing demonstrations, a lego working replica of a tomography beamline, and examples of how tomography is used to research problems in multiple length scales e.g. from looking inside bioactive implants to looking inside a battery during discharge.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013,2014,2015,2016,2017
URL http://www.diamond.ac.uk/Public/VisitUs.html
 
Description Keynote talk, P D Lee, Industrial Workshop on Additive Manufacturing 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact P D Lee gave a presentation entitled "Quantifying dynamic phenomena during laser additive manufacturing using synchrotron imaging" at the Industrial Workshop on Additive Manufacturing
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Keynote, plenary talk, P D Lee, Technical University of Denmark 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact P D Lee gave a keynote plenary presentation entitled "Seeing Materials Through a Synchrotron Looking Glass: Inside Additive Manufacturing to Intact Covid-19 Injured Organs with Micron Resolution" at Technical University of Denmark
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Member, STFC Scientific Advisory Board Meeting, Feb 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Professor Peter D Lee invited to be a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the STFC Annual Meeting
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Popular science talk to the Richmond Scientific Society 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I gave a talk to 40 members of the Richmond Scientific Society and general public on "4D Science: how we use synchrotron x-ray glasses to see inside a volcano (and other materials).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Royal Society Satelitte Exhibition 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This exhibit showed how we've used 4D synchrotron X-ray tomography of magma to better understand volcanic eruptions, and of ice crystals, to work out why some ice cream tastes better! This was a repeat of the summer exhibition held outside London as part of Manchester Science Festival, nearly 13, 000 visitors came over the 5 day exhibition
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://royalsociety.org/science-events-and-lectures/science-exhibition-manchester/
 
Description Talk, "For the love of engineering show - feature a unique blend of short films, music, science comedy and engineering research", UCL, Oct 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Peter D Lee & Le Gall gave a presentation of the research carried out in our group to the general public in a London West End Theatre
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://mecheng.ucl.ac.uk/events/for-the-love-of-engineering/
 
Description UK Research and Innovation Launch Event 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PDL Participated in UK Research and Innovation (implementing policy)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://blogs.bl.uk/living-knowledge/2018/05/uk-research-and-innovation-launched-at-the-british-libr...
 
Description UKRI Research Infrastructure Roadmap Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact PDL Participated in UKRI Research Infrastructure Roadmap Workshop (implementing policy) on 14 June
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018