EconoMical, PsycHologicAl and Societal Impact of RanSomware (EMPHASIS)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Leeds
Department Name: Law

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
 
Description The findings are ongoing, but early work in 2017-2018 is showing that
a) the delivery and scale of Ransomware is evolving as a cybercrime of extortion from delivery primarily by email attachment or drive by download, to internet worm (wannacry and not-petya). Various papers have been written with the project RA (Dr Alena Connolly), they have been presented as papers conference and workshop and one has been written up and submitted for publishing. We have (March 2019) a number of papers either being written
b) Another theme emerging from the research is how the fragmented nature of (cybersecurity) protection and prevention structures led to the wannacry ransomware attack falling between a number of cracks in the structure.
Since 2019 a new type and range of ransomware Ransomware 2.0 has emerged which not only seeks to victimise organisations, but also publicly names and shames the victim organisations. The ransomware groups also show new forms of organisation in the form of cartels and also the use of affiliates.

In 2018-2019 the ransomware attacks are continuing to grow, but there is a change from previous year
A) Most ransomware campaigns (typically against individuals) are actually unsuccessful and seem to be fairly amateur attacks that are countered by preventative actions. GandCrab (mainly via phishing campaigns) seems to be the one exception to this rule as the developers keep evolving it to avoid counter-measures.
B) The remaining campaigns, however, tend to be more sophisticated and carried out by more professional actors. They tend to specific targeting bigger fish, mostly rich individuals, businesses, organisations and infrastructure. They use whale phishing methods for delivery, but also RDP, remote desktop protocol. Which explains the success of families such as SamSam, BitPaymer, and CrySiS. These campaigns are supported by RAAS.
C) Ransomware as a Service (RAAS). Ransomware as a Service (RAAS) facilities are increasing both in number and also power to support a number of specific trends as pay-for-service. They can deliver Ransomware via spamming (phishing) campaigns or open Remote Desktop Protocol. Most recent ransomware programmes have affiliate RAAS facilities.
D) Blended Attacks (including online crime/terror nexus). Nation-states actors are increasingly using the same ransomware tools as criminals to blend ransomware attacks in order to obscure their actions from full view. Nation-state actors are using cybercriminal code to build their ransomware variants, but likewise cybercriminals are also using Nation-state actors code also. The purpose of blending is mainly to obscure the origin of attacks from view and to disrupt and destroy opposition systems to either i) distract attention ii) create competitive advantage iii) generate income streams or create unstability in markets vi) or even create public fear and distrust
E) State and criminal actors are most successful when they quickly adapt their techniques to the changes in the security landscape. Whilst organizations are successfully operating successful technical and social anti-phishing countermeasures, they are less effective against attackers who have shifted their delivery of ransomware to other methods like RDP.
F) So, security teams have to be ever vigilant to rapid changes in ransomware delivery methods and purpose (motive) to keep their organisations safe from attack.

In 2019-2020 we have found some further developments
G) There has been a solid shift in ransomware attack vector from individuals to organisational victims which have a higher crime yield
H) Attackers are specifically targetting key individuals within organisations to infect systems with ransomware
I) There are clearly three groups of attackers present. i) amateurs who experiment with ransomware routines and their delivery ii) ransomware gangs who are financially motivated iii) APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) groups who are typically state actors who use ransomware to weaken organisation's security for espionage, or to disable or destroy facilities (with wiper ransomware). We have looked mainly at economic criminal activity, but the presence of the latter is felt.
I) Attackers have specifically targeted in different ways by different ransomware groups 4 sectors i) cities and municipalities - often focusing upon their public safety services (emergency services and police & courts etc) ii) education establishments iii) health institutions iv) and the high stakes private sector organisations. Many victims are vulnerable because they have legacy systems and not the resources to fully overhaul their IT services.
J) There has also been a multiplier effect in that attackers have focussed attacks on i) organisations that manage systems across an area, such as hospital and school boards, and also government. There has also been a shift towards attacking 'third party' MSPs, multiple service providers to whom key services are outsourced which also affects all other organisations who buy in similar services.
K) The attack processes are now carefully planned operations that use phishing, social engineering, RDP (remote desk protocol) etc. and can now take up to 12 month or more to implement. They also choose times to attack when organisations are more vulnerable, such as public holidays. A recent, disturbing trend (MAZE, Revil/Sodinbinki, Nemty) is that attackers are exfiltrating data before they start the encryption process. They are publishing the names of their victims in the internet and releasing parts of the stolen data when their payment deadline is not met.
L) Victims are increasingly paying the ransom because it shortens the services down time whilst systems are being rebuilt (even if backup data is kept). Victim's Cyber-insurance often does this for them in collaboration with 'negotiators' whom they employ. Whilst this reduces the downtime, it does let offenders know that they will be paid, further encouraging them to reoffend. Not least, this has resulted in a clear increase in ransom payments.
L) We have looked at the ways that organisations respond to attacks and find that whilst it is fairly good, they are not as adaptive as the attackers and need to be more innovative in their responses.

As papers are accepted for publication they will be included on the EMPHASIS www site

In terms of the achievements of the broader EMPHASIS project with DeMontort, Kent, City, Conventy and Newcastle here is the joint achievement

"Current ransomware is imperfect from technological, economical, and psychological points of view. Malware infection methods may still be the best place to disrupt attacks. Evidence that ransomware is used by large scale organised crime has materialised, maybe not as expected through wide-ranging indiscriminate attack, but rather through the stark increase in large scale targeted attacks with high ransom amounts. Intelligence services have ascribed some of the mainly disruptive ransomware campaigns to rogue states; targeted attacks appear to be undertaken by criminal organisations developing their own ransomware variants.

We have obtained deeper insight also in the motivations and approaches of the stakeholders in the ransomware world other than the criminals: victims, law enforcement, and the increasingly important cyber insurance companies. These insights have been reported to the academic community, embodied in advice to businesses, law enforcement, policy makers and the general public.

From a technical point of view, we have also explored novel ways for detecting a ransomware attack. The typical approach for detecting ransomware is by measuring statistical values of files in a target system or device. When statistical values (such as entropy and chi-square) of the files appear to be random, it might indicate that the files are being encrypted and potentially being attacked by ransomware. We have found that only relying on this approach will not be sufficient. We have combined it with other detection methods (such as using honeypot or canary files) in order to provide a better confidence that a ransomware attack is taking place, while minimising the false positives. There is also scope for using machine learning techniques for identifying new strains of ransomware through analysis of activity within a computer system.
As with all forms of protection, access to information is a vital tool in our arsenal. Although ransomware criminals are often keen to provide contact to themselves, for the purpose of helping victims pay their ransom, there is a strong reluctance for victims to gain information from other channels. Especially as these channels can provide information as how to avoid payment. Providing mechanisms to help victims identify pertinent information is therefore essential."

In 2020-2021 continued work on the database and its analysis has detected new developments in the use of ransomware, not least the increased targeting of multiple service providers to escalate and scale up the number of organisational victims and their clients. Ransomware has become the premier cybercrime in terms of disruptive impacts on organisations and their clients, in fact it has become a cybercrime of many specialised component cybercrimes which are carried out by specialists and controlled by brokers. This is reflected in the changes in the organisation of ransomware that we have found. Namely a) the development of fierce competition between ransomware brands b) the emergence of ransomware cartels c) the use of affiliate models and Ransomware as a Service d) an expanded use of fear tactics through the attackers' naming and shaming www sites and directly contacting influencers to alert them of an organisations victimisation. All combined with e) an ephemerality whereby ransomware gangs will deliberately, and very quickly, close down their operations after a certain period to disrupt police agencies investigations and also thwart competitors.
Exploitation Route Understanding the fact that the problem continually evolves is important in developing technological prevention techniques and also security policies.

In 2018-2019 (summarising the above)
A) Most ransomware campaigns (typically against individuals) are actually unsuccessful because they are carried out by amateurs
B) The remaining campaigns, however, tend to be more sophisticated and carried out by more professional actors. They target the wealthy and also infrastructure. The more effective attacks are carried out by Remote Desktop Protocol.
C) Ransomware as a Service (RAAS) is becoming much more prominent and effective.
D) Blending: Nation-states actors are increasingly using the same ransomware tools as criminals to blend ransomware attacks in order to obscure their actions from full view.
E) State and criminal actors are most successful when they quickly adapt their techniques to the changes in the security landscape
F) As are security teams most successful when they quickly adapt to changes in attack vectors

The ransomware attacks that are now fairly commonplace can hit any sector, including those listed below.

Aerospace, Defence and Marine
Agriculture, Food and Drink
Chemicals
Communities and Social Services/Policy
Construction
Creative Economy
Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software)
Education
Electronics
Energy
Environment
Financial Services, and Management Consultancy
Healthcare
Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism
Government, Democracy and Justice
Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechnology
Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology
Retail
Security and Diplomacy
Transport
Other

There has in the past 3 years been a distinct attack focus upon Local governments and finctions, education and also health sectors. In addition to public facing private sector organisations.

In terms of the broader EMPHASIS project, the Economical and technological analysis will need to continue, hand in hand with the evolution of ransomware and the modus operandi of the criminals. Various data sources have been created including databases on ransomware incidents and a survey on cybercrime victimisation which has provided data that require and allow further analysis.
Sectors Aerospace, Defence and Marine,Agriculture, Food and Drink,Chemicals,Communities and Social Services/Policy,Construction,Creative Economy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Electronics,Energy,Environment,Financial Services, and Management Consultancy,Healthcare,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Pharmaceu
URL https://www.emphasis.ac.uk/
 
Description Our work has begun to create debate in policy circles and has generated wide interest. A short article with Eerke Boiten from DMU (the main EMPHASIS PI) in The Conversation, [Boiten, E. and Wall, D.S. (2017) 'WannaCry report shows NHS chiefs knew of security danger, but management took no action', The Conversation, 30 October, https://theconversation.com/wannacry-report-shows-nhs-chiefs-knew-of-security-danger-but-management-took-no-action-86501 was Republished in Scientific American, also Yahoo, Homeland Security Newswire, Deviant World, Ageless Living Now, Global Cybersecurity Report, SecNews24, The UK Bulletin, AND was linked to from many sites including sites - NUEZD, Bloglikes, Moblog, Top.adlesse.com, Philstockworld, Hacker for Hire (no accreditation!), telescope, Nigerian Technology News, WE also wrote another article for Public Sector Focus [Wall, D.S. and Boiten, E. (2017) 'NHS caught out by WannaCry - now scrambling to catch up, Public Sector Focus, November/ December, 13: 22-23, http://flickread.com/edition/html/index.php?pdf=5a31881f4d346#24]
Sector Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy
Impact Types Policy & public services
 
Description David Wall appointed as Chair of the Scientific Board of RISCS (Research Institute of Science into Cybersecurity Studies)
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
URL https://www.riscs.org.uk/
 
Description Participation in the 'The technologies of Human Trafficking', UNODC Working group, United Nations, Vienna 27-29 November, 2019
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
 
Description UN (UNODC) Expert Group Meetings on Cybercrime, UN Vienna International Centre, April 3-5 2018 / Also May 14 2018 / August 27-31 2018 / Oct 16-19 2018
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
Impact This is hard to exactly quantify. I contributed to a) the UN Cybercrime Treaty meetings in April 2018 b) to the UN ODC 27th United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and talked about cybercrime (see presentations) in May 14 2018 c) I took part in the UNODC Doha meetings to develop a cybercrime curriculum in August and October 2018 I contibuted to thinking on Cybercrime and also to the development of a model cybercrime curriculum that will be offerred to lecturers globally which they will adapt to their own jurisdictions
URL https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/tertiary/cybercrime.html
 
Description Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data Interest Group (1st Meeting, 29 January) 
Organisation Alan Turing Institute
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution My colleague and I (as Turing Fellows) have worked together to form a TURING interest group called "Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data" based upon some of the experiences and dissapointments in being unable to access data during the EMPHASIS project, We held our first meeting with various interested fellows, academics, government and policing agencies and industry representatives on the 20th December. Beforehand we published a short article/ posiiton piece (see Atapour-Abarghouei, A., McGough, S. and Wall, D.S. (2020) listed below). We are currently arranging a second meeting of the working group. This interest group is a follow through and is based upon an earlier group we organised and ran in June 2019.
Collaborator Contribution We wrote the proposal which brought in some funds for meetings (I could not enter this on the appropriate page) and we organised the meeting, and also co-wrote the position piece.
Impact The group is still on going but the position piece has been published as Atapour-Abarghouei, A., McGough, S. and Wall, D.S. (2020) 'Resolving the cybersecurity Data Sharing Paradox to scale up cybersecurity via a co-production approach towards data sharing,' Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Big Data Analytics for Cyber Intelligence and Defense, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData 2020) December 10-13. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12709
Start Year 2020
 
Description Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data Interest Group (1st Meeting, 29 January) 
Organisation Newcastle University
Department School of Computing Science
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution My colleague and I (as Turing Fellows) have worked together to form a TURING interest group called "Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data" based upon some of the experiences and dissapointments in being unable to access data during the EMPHASIS project, We held our first meeting with various interested fellows, academics, government and policing agencies and industry representatives on the 20th December. Beforehand we published a short article/ posiiton piece (see Atapour-Abarghouei, A., McGough, S. and Wall, D.S. (2020) listed below). We are currently arranging a second meeting of the working group. This interest group is a follow through and is based upon an earlier group we organised and ran in June 2019.
Collaborator Contribution We wrote the proposal which brought in some funds for meetings (I could not enter this on the appropriate page) and we organised the meeting, and also co-wrote the position piece.
Impact The group is still on going but the position piece has been published as Atapour-Abarghouei, A., McGough, S. and Wall, D.S. (2020) 'Resolving the cybersecurity Data Sharing Paradox to scale up cybersecurity via a co-production approach towards data sharing,' Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Big Data Analytics for Cyber Intelligence and Defense, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData 2020) December 10-13. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12709
Start Year 2020
 
Description "Recent developments in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity: impacts upon healthcare", Talk to the Bristol Medico-Legal Society, 10 May, 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a talk on ransomware to the Bristol Medico Legal Society . It informed the audience about the ransomware problem in the health service and also the problems to come
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description 'AI and Cybercrime: balancing expectations with delivery!', Proceedings of ACM WebSci 2020 workshop on "Socio-technical AI systems for defence, cybercrime and cybersecurity", Southampton, July 7th. 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact This was a plenary speech at a prestigious conference in the field of study. It generated much interest and discussion.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.southampton.ac.uk/~sem03/STAIDCC20_wall_slides_07_07_2020.pdf
 
Description 'Cybercrime Escalation: the increase in scalability and impact of cybercrime', West Yorkshire Police Independent Advisory Group on Cybercrime, 4 November 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a talk to a Police regional cybercrime independent advisory group
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description 'Cybercrime in the 21st Century', Talk and Interview Session with Kevin Sweeney, University College, Cork. 19 November 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact I gave a brief talk and then was interviewed about my research by a member of academic staff at UCC
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description 'The Challenges of Cybercrime in a Technology Dependent World: then along came Covid-19!', 15th International Conference on Internet, Law & Politics: Cybercrime: new threats, new responses, Barcelona, June 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a plenary speech on my research to an international conference. It generated interest in my research and also many questions from participants
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018,2020
URL https://youtu.be/XBPbkcujGh0
 
Description 'Today's Cybercrime Challenges: the increase in scalability and impact of cybercrime', ECU Law Assembly, Edith Cowan University, Joondalong Campus, 3 November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This plenary speech was to an international workshop of policy makers, practioners and academics. It generated interest and communications about my research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.ecu.edu.au/schools/business-and-law/research/research-news/ecu-law-assembly
 
Description Boiten, E. and Wall, D.S. (2017) 'WannaCry report shows NHS chiefs knew of security danger, but management took no action', The Conversation, 30 October, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A discussion of the April 2017 Wannacry attack on the NHS and how it was not a cybersecurity failure practicality, but a failure of cybersecurity management at the top level. Has received 6000 reads in The Conversation. Was also reproduced by Scientific American and about 15 other magazines.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://theconversation.com/wannacry-report-shows-nhs-chiefs-knew-of-security-danger-but-management-...
 
Description Chaired Ransomware sessions at the Technologies of Crime, Justice and Security Conference, Leeds 19-20 March 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The activity was a 2 day workshop organised by the Cybercrime Research Group at Leeds University. Papers were presented (mostly on the EPSRC EMPHASIS and CRITICAL research projects) but also other academics. The audience was varied and discussed issues related to technology and crime.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Chaired the Interdisciplinary approaches on future cybercrime research, at the Future Directions in Cyber Crime Research, RISCS/ Home Office and National Cyber Security Centre Workshop, 30th November, London. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact I chaired the Interdisciplinary approaches on future cybercrime research at the Future Directions in Cyber Crime Research. This was a RISCS/ Home Office and National Cyber Security Centre Workshop, 30th November, London.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Co-Organiser and Participant of "Machine learning and data challenges in ransomware and the cloud", Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, 7th June 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a workshop organised with EMPHASIS project partners (Stephen McGough and Budi Arief) at the Alan Turing Institute (McGough and I are Turing Fellows). The workshop dealt with the issue of sharing data in research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.turing.ac.uk/events/machine-learning-and-data-challenges-ransomware-and-cloud
 
Description Co-organised Turing Interest Group (with S, McGough) "Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data", 2 December 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact I co-organised a Turing Interest Group "Developing Best Practice for Collecting Cybersecurity Data" with Dr Stephen McGough (a co-participant on the CRITICAL and EMPHASIS projects). It was held on 2 December and generated much interest and we have recieved requests from people interested in joining it. This is a Turing project but based upon the data collection experiences of the EMPHASIS and CRITICAL research projects.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/interest-groups/developing-best-practice-collecting-cybersecurity-...
 
Description Co-presenter on 'Modelling the Cybercrime Cascade Effect of Data Theft' at the IEEE Workshop on Attackers and Cyber-Crime Operations (WACCO 2021) Sep 7 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact The IEEE Workshop on Attackers and Cyber-Crime Operations (WACCO 2021) is an interdisciplinary conference. We published a paper from this talk - Modelling the Cybercrime Cascade Effect in Data Crime (w. M.G Porcedda)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=128990
 
Description Coles-Kemp, L. and Wall, D.S. (2018) 'Cyber Security Scholarship: A Provocative and Critical look at the Science of Cybersecurity', RISCS Research Institute in the Science of Cyber Security, Friends Meeting House, London, 8th February 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The activitity was organised by the RISCS group to develop scientific research methods and interdisciplinary working
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.riscs.org.uk/
 
Description Connolly, A. & Wall, D.S. (2017) Emphasis on Ransomware, Midsummer Ransomware Roundtable, Leeds, 21st June 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A general workshop on cybersecurity and our paper addressed the issues related to ransomware
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Connolly, A. and Wall, D. (2019) 'Hackers are making personalised ransomware to target the most profitable and vulnerable', The Conversation, 15 March, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact An article that discusses how ransomware attacks are now being personally aimed at the wealthy and those in positions of power in organisations to infiltrate them. Has received 10,000 reads.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://theconversation.com/hackers-are-making-personalised-ransomware-to-target-the-most-profitable...
 
Description Connolly, L. and Wall, D.S. (2019) 'Cyber security: Think like the enemy', Computing, 16 July, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An article which draws upon a larger piece of work published in Computers and Security to argue that cyber-security professionals need to get more cybercrime savvy about responsing to preventingn and mitigating crypto-ransomware attacks.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.computing.co.uk/opinion/3078977/cyber-security-think-like-the-enemy
 
Description Contributor and participant in the EU Eurocities Knowledge Society Forum Cybersecurity Community of Practice on Cybercrime and Ransomware, 14 December, 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a EU Eurocities Knowledge Society Forum Cybersecurity Community of Practice on Cybercrime and Ransomware, 14 December, 2021
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Double jeopardy: Are universities becoming the new target for cybercriminals and spies? (Computing Magazine) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact During their attempts to recover from the Covid-19 lockdown recent attacks on both Newcastle Universities and others in the UK have highlighted how exposed the university sector is to cyberattacks. They are particularly vulnerable to Ransomware, which encrypts operating systems and steals data before extorting ransom payments to return the system to normal.

An analysis of a database of over 1650 attacks illustrates the modern cybercrime problem (EPSRC EP/M020576/1/ EP/P011772/1). It shows that there has been a suprising decline in attacks on the public sector this year during lockdown, especially healthcare. Yet, there has been a marked rise in attacks on the private sector. Interestingly, the analysis also indicates an increase in attacks upon large and complex businesses, which include Universities.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.computing.co.uk/opinion/4020075/double-jeopardy-universities-target-cybercriminals-spies
 
Description Economic Cybercrimes: international cooperation between police agencies, Cybercrime Workshop, United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 14 May 2018, Vienna 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was a talk to the UNODC session on Cybercrime convened by the Australian Crime Intelligence Commission. I talked about the problems that law enforcement face when dealing with ransomwware and onlin extortion and how intelligence could be more effectively shared more effectively across national borders?
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ_Sessions/CCPCJ_27/Workshop_Programme_REV2_we...
 
Description Goldsmith, A. and Wall, D.S. (2017) The Seduction of Cybercrime, paper given at the Illicit Networks (IX) Policing Flows (III) Conference, Flinders University, Adelaide South Australia 11-13 December. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This joint talk was to the Illicit Criminal Networks and Policing Flows conference in Adelaide Australia
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description I was an expert panel member on a (UKRI funded) Cybercrime Hackathon (8, 10, 15 Feb. 2021) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact I took part in 3 meetings and talked about my research then listened to presentations and took part in the final panel to decide upon a winner of the challenge.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Interview by BBC Online about Police Blunders. Quoted in "Police blunders that made the headlines" 12 February, 2017, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interview about police blunders and how social media are exacerbating them
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38861475
 
Description Interview with BBC Breakfast News (National) on Ransomware. Shown 28th November 2016 on Breakfast TV and also shown on BBC Lunchtime news and other new programmes throughout the day. Plus, a variation for Look North. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The TV interview discussed Ransomware and how to obtain it. It was broadcast nationally and regionally at various points during the day.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Interview with Bethan Bell BBC News about counterfeits. See Bell, B. (2016) 'What's wrong with buying fake luxury goods?', BBC News Online, 15 July, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This interview was about the online sale of fake goods
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36782724
 
Description Interview with Radio Sputnik (Friday 26 July, 2019) and published in Sputnik News. Sputnik (2019) ''Ransomware Preys On All Aspects of Our Social, Economic, Political, Even Sexual Lives' - Professor', Sputnik News, 26 July, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Radio podcast and press Interview with Radio Sputnik (Friday 26 July, 2019) and published in Sputnik News.
Sputnik (2019) ''Ransomware Preys On All Aspects of Our Social, Economic, Political, Even Sexual Lives' - Professor', Sputnik News, 26 July,
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://sputniknews.com/analysis/201907261076373243-ransomware-preys-on-all-aspects-of-our-social-ec...
 
Description Interview with Radio Sputnik and Sputnik News about the National Cyber Security Centre's Internet Fraud Successes - 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interview with Radio Sputnik and Sputnik News about the National Cyber Security Centre's Internet Fraud Successes -
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://sputniknews.com/analysis/201910231077130713-public-has-to-be-more-aware-of-various-fraudulen...
 
Description Interview with Robert Elms on the "increase in organisations and government bodies having their data held to ransom", BBC Radio London (and syndicated) (Tuesday 13th August 2019) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interview with Robert Elms on the "increase in organisations and government bodies having their data held to ransom", BBC Radio London (and syndicated) (Tuesday 13th August 2019)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Interviewed about Cybercrime Statistics, BBC TV Victoria Derbyshire Show, 10.35, Thursday 26 April 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed about Cybercrime Statistics, BBC TV Victoria Derbyshire Show, 10.35, Thursday 26 April 2018
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Interviewed about Cybercrime in Social Media by Sputnik International, see EU Needs Larger Budget, Int'l Cooperation to Tackle Cybercrime - Analysts, Sputnik International, 14 December, 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed about Cybercrime in Social Media by Sputnik International, see EU Needs Larger Budget, Int'l Cooperation to Tackle Cybercrime - Analysts, Sputnik International, 14 December,
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Interviewed about Data Breaches (Sheffield Credit Union), BBC TV Look North, 8 May, 2018. 6pm & 10.30pm - 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed about Data Breaches (Sheffield Credit Union), BBC TV Look North, 8 May, 2018. 6pm & 10.30pm -
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Interviewed about ransomware attacks on Universities for Research Professional News 9 Sept 2020. See McIntyre, F. (2020) Universities should treat cybersecurity like an 'arms race', Research Professional News, 9 Sept., 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We discussed the increase in ransomware attacks upon Universities and the impact on students and staff as well as the funders of the research whose work was stolen
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.researchprofessional.com/0/rr/news/uk/universities/2020/9/Universities-should-treat-cybe...
 
Description Interviewed by Al Jazeera TV News about Cybercrimes under the Covid 19 lockdown (11.15-11.45, 5th June, 2020) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Discussed the new tactics used by cybercriminals which exploit work at home arrangements to victimise teh public and also organisations
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Interviewed by Highsnobriety (fashion magazine) about counterfeit cars in China and the lack of international copyright laws enforceable. 'China's Counterfeit Car Culture Is All Kinds of Sus', Highsnobriety, 17 May, 2017 - 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The interview touched on IP law and also internet use, but marginally. It touched on some issues found in the CERES project.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://www.highsnobiety.com/2017/05/17/chinese-counterfeit-cars/
 
Description Interviewed by Radio York Breakfast time, on Crime (such as Ransomware) and the Darkweb 8am, 26th September, 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed by Radio York Breakfast time, on Crime (such as Ransomware) and the Darkweb 8am, 26th September, 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Interviewed by The Register about seizing cryptocurrency as the proceeds ransomware crime. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed by The Register about seizing cryptocurrency as the proceeds ransomware crime
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/11/30/cps_cryptocurrency_confiscation/
 
Description Interviewed by The Sun about cyber-sleuths cited in 1st June 2020 article - CYBER SLEUTHS We're 'armchair detectives' investigating grim cold cases from home - from serial killer victims to mystery 'tent girl', 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact We discussed the use of CYBER SLEUTHS / armchair detectives to assist the police to investigate cold cases from their own homes
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/11593868/amateur-detectives-dleuths-solve-crimes-cold-cases-home/
 
Description Interviewed by Yorkshire Post on 'Policing the internet: cyber-security and the dark web, and the developing experience we have here at the University and across Yorkshire' 19th September 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed by Yorkshire Post on 'Policing the internet: cyber-security and the dark web, and the developing experience we have here at the University and across Yorkshire' 19th September 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Interviewed by the BBC TV News on buying drugs on the Darkweb for broadcast on Look North - 6.30 pm Monday 25th September 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed by the BBC TV News on buying drugs and ransomware on the Darkweb for broadcast on Look North and also later on national TV - 6.30 pm Monday 25th September 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Komsky, J. (2017) 'All Hands on Deck for Cybercrime Regulation', The Regulatory Review, 22 November, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact An article about my own work on cybercrime
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.theregreview.org/2017/11/22/komsky-cybercrime-regulation/
 
Description Member and Participant on HMIC-FRS external reference group Cyber-dependent crime, Vauxhall, London, 26 November, 2018. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This closed meeting was a working party of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary which is reviewing the policing of cybercrime in England and Wales. Ransomwware creates some unique challenges for UK policing.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Musotto, R. and Wall, D. (2019) 'Facebook's push for end-to-end encryption is good news for user privacy, as well as terrorists and paedophiles', The Conversation, 16 December 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact An article about Facebook's plan to introduce end-to-end encryption on all its messaging services to increase privacy levels. Australian, British and United States governments and law makers are opposed to it and fear it will make it impossible to recover criminal conversations from Facebook's platforms, thus offering impunity to offenders. But has Facebook been placed between a political rock and an ethical hard place? Has received 6000 reads.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://theconversation.com/facebooks-push-for-end-to-end-encryption-is-good-news-for-user-privacy-a...
 
Description Musotto, R. and Wall, D.S. (2019) Online Crime-Terror Networks, TAKEDOWN Final Research Meeting, Valencia, 17-18 June 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was a talk to the final meeting of another project I am invilved with, but drew heavily upon work on cybercrime from the EMPHASIS and CRITICAL projects
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Nothing like the mafia: cybercriminals are much like the everyday, poorly paid business worker (The Conversation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact New research is questioning the popular notion that cybercriminals can make millions of dollars from the comfort of home - and without much effort. Our paper, published in the journal Trends in Organised Crime, suggests offenders who illegally sell cybercrime tools to other groups aren't promised automatic success. Indeed, the "crimeware-as-a-service" market is a highly competitive one. To succeed, providers have to work hard to attract clients and build up their criminal business. They must combine their skills and employ business acumen to attract (and profit from) other cybercriminals wanting their "services". And the tactics they use more closely resemble a business practice playbook than a classic Mafia operation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://theconversation.com/nothing-like-the-mafia-cybercriminals-are-much-like-the-everyday-poorly-...
 
Description Observer at the UN (UNODC) Expert Group Meeting on Cybercrime, UN Vienna International Centre, April 3-5 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact I participated as an observer at the formal development of the Cybercrime Treaty (this is a long standing process). I did not talk to the assembly this time, but I did contribute to meetings with members.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Participant and contributor to the RISCS Ransomware workshop, Improving the UK's resilience to ransomware, UCL, Online, 2nd December, 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact This RISCS Improving the UK's resilience to ransomware workshop was intended to help the organisers develop a survey tool.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Participant and presenter "Experiences and Expectations of Social Data in Cybersecurity", RISCS policy workshop: Optimising the use of UK government survey data on cyber security, 22nd July 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Participant "Experiences and Expectations of Social Data in Cybersecurity, RISCS policy workshop: Optimising the use of UK government survey data on cyber security, 22nd July 2021
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.riscs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POLICY_NOTE_QUANTIFICATION.pdf
 
Description Participant at the Crime/Terror Nexus workshop, Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Whitehall, London, 22 May, 2018. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This closed workshop discussed the crime/terror nexus. I was discussing in one of the groups, how the nexus was developing online.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://rusi.org/event/organised-crimeterror-nexus-workshop
 
Description Participant at the Cryptocurrency and Money Laundering Workshop, Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Whitehall, London, 30 May 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This workshop discussed cryptocurrency which is used in paying ransomware ransoms. It broadened the discussion from money laundering.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Participant at the UNODC Cybercrime Experts Group meeting Vienna 26-29 March 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact I participated in the expert group as an official UK observer
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/open-ended-intergovernmental-expert-group-to-conduct-...
 
Description Participant in the Friends of Europe "What does the UK's Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy mean for Euro-Atlantic cooperation?", Tuesday, 30 March 2021. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Participant in the Friends of Europe "What does the UK's Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy mean for Euro-Atlantic cooperation?",
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/what-does-the-uks-integrated-review-of-security-defence-dev...
 
Description Porcedda, M.G. and Wall, D.S. (2019) 'Cascade and Chain Effects in Big Data Cybercrime: Lessons from the TalkTalk hack', proceedings of WACCO 2019: 1st Workshop on Attackers and Cyber-Crime Operations, IEEE Euro S&P 2019, Stockholm, Sweden, 20 June 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact This was an invited talk to a conference about hackers and is linked to work done for CRITiCAL and drew on examples from EMPHASIS
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://wacco-workshop.eu/past/2019/index.html
 
Description Porcedda, M.G. and Wall, D.S. (2019) Big Data Crime and the Cascading Effect, CRITiCal/ Emphasis meeting, 3 May, Leeds 2-3 May 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact My colleagu and I addressed a meeting organised to share research results to a mainly academic audience
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Presentation and coordination "Threats and opportunities for AI in cybersecurity working group (1st Meeting)" 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The activity was a Turing cybersecurity working group (1st Meeting)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/interest-groups/developing-best-practice-collecting-cybersecurity-...
 
Description Presented a paper on "Ransomware as a Serious Organised CyberCrime - Ransomware, Covid and Observations for Law Enforcement" to Nederland National Police, Nov 4, 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a Netherlands National Police/ PWC Cybercrime COPS Workshop, London, Nov. 4th, 2021 to explore joint ways of responding to ransomware
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Presented paper on "Ransomware as a modern cybercrime" at the Cyber Crime and Digital Forensics panel of Kent Cyber Security Forum (KCSF 2021), 22 July 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Kent Cyber Security Forum (KCSF 2021), Institute of Cyber Security for Society (iCSS), University of Kent
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://research.kent.ac.uk/cyber/kcsf2021/
 
Description Presented paper on The Transnational Cybercrime Extortion Landscape and The Pandemic: Changes in offender tactics, attack scalability and the organisation of offending", CEPOL (European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training) Annual Research Conference 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Featured Presentation 16.00, 5 May 2021. https://conference.cepol.europa.eu/cepol-online-conference-2021/talk/DBR7WE/

CEPOL (European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training) Annual Research Conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://conference.cepol.europa.eu/cepol-online-conference-2021/talk/DBR7WE/
 
Description Radio interview 'On the Aire' programme on Made in LeedsTV, 6pm Thursday 19th January 2017 about the latest Cybercrime statistics https://www.madeinleeds.tv/ 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Radio interview to discuss the latest Cybercrime statistics
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Radio interview with BBC Radio Leeds on the Talk Talk case, 5.30pm, 23rd October 2015 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Discussed developments in Cybersecurity after the TalkTalk case
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2015
 
Description Radio interview with Radio Leeds on the Darkweb and buying ransomware and drugs at 5pm Monday 25th September 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Interviewed by Radio Leeds on buying ransomware and drugs on the Darkweb at 5pm Monday 25th September 2017
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Talk - Wall, D.S. (2019) The Darker Side of Data: A New Online Crime-Terror nexus? IHEDN (French Embassy), RUSI 21 March 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was a talk on ransomware as a cybercrime organised by the French Embassy at the Royal United Services Institute, Whitehall to talk to a visiting delegation of judiciary and senior police officers
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Television Interview with ITV Calendar News (Yorkshire) about the Cyberattack on Lincoln Hospital. 1st November, 2016. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Discussing the implications of the cyberattack on Lincoln Hospital
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Television Interview with Sarah Jane Mee on the Sky Sunrise programme about Policing, Terrorism and radicalisation, 24th May 2017, 08:35 AM 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Television Interview with Sarah Jane Mee on the Sky Sunrise programme about Policing, Terrorism and Radicalisation via internet, 24th May 2017, 08:35 AM. The URL link to it no longer works.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description The Criminal misuse of Cryptocurrencies as an evolving problem: Empirical Evidence 25 February, 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The paper looked at the Criminal misuse of Cryptocurrencies as an evolving problem and explored the available Empirical Evidence which draws upon databases built up at Leeds for the EPSRC Emphasis and Contrails project. The paper argues that cryptocurrencies have evolved crime in three ways to create cryptocrimes. They assist and enable existing crimes and also are the focus of new types of crime. Policy and practice responses should differ according to each type of cryptocrime.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://wwwen.uni.lu/index.php/fdef/news/cryptocurrencies_and_crime_building_regulation_and_enforcem...
 
Description The Evolution of Ransomware as a Serious and Organised CyberCrime, Dubllin, 28 February, 2022 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact This was a talk to postgraduate students in the Law School at Trinity College, Dublin as part of their cybercrime masters degree. The talk looked at the Evolution of Ransomware as a Serious and Organised CyberCrime and focused upon how the new ecosystem that has evolved around cybercrime is enabling criminals to scale up their attacks in terms of volume and also impact in order to increase the yield from cybercrime.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description The New Normal: Linking up Academic Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Research at Leeds, West Yorkshire Police, Independent Advisory Group on Cybercrime, Leeds University, 6th June 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This talk included reporting on the EMPHASIS project to the West Yorks Police independent advisory group on cybercrime. It generated considerable discussion and has also led to interviews with practitioners for the research project as well as a continued particpation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Threats and opportunities for AI in cybersecurity working group (1st Meeting), online, Turing Institute, 29 January 2021 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact I participated in a Turing Workshop on Cyber, AI and Cybersecurity
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Videos - Wall. D.S. (2019) Copyright, trolling and speculative invoicing in the shadow of law, FACULTI, April, 2019, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Copyright, trolling and speculative invoicing in the shadow of law - touches on impact of IT on legal practices
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://faculti.net/copyright-trolling-speculative-invoicing-shadow-law/
 
Description Videos - Wall. D.S. (2019) Policing Cybercrime: networked and social media technologies and the challenges for policing - FACULTI, April, 2019, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Videos - Wall. D.S. (2019) Policing Cybercrime: networked and social media technologies and the challenges for policing - FACULTI, April, 2019,
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://faculti.net/policing-cybercrime-networked-social-media-technologies-challenges-policing/
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) "The Gifts that Keep on Taking: Cybercrime Futures", Keynote Address, 22nd Annual CyberPsychology, CyberTherapy & Social Networking Conference (CYPSY22), University of Wolverhampton, England, June 26-28 2017. CYPSY22 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This keynote addressed the issue of the cybercriminals involved in cloud crime and also ransomware
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL http://interactivemediainstitute.com/cypsy22/
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'A New Online Crime-Terror nexus? The Darkweb & The Weaponisation of Data?', Festschrift, Clive Walker, Leeds University, 1st Dec. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was a presentation at a festschrift for a retiring colleague. The audience were members of the House of Lords, Government, Judiciary, Crown Prosecution Service. The outcome has been much interest in the research projects.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'BIG DATA, BIG CRIME: The Cloud, CyberCrime and Policing', Big Data and Cyber Security Workshop, TILT (Tilburg University Institute of Law and Technology), Nederlands, 25th October. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A talk to a workshop on the implications of Big Data on crime. It helped develop ideas and about upstream (Data Breach, DDOS, Mass Spam) and downstream cybercrime such as Ransomware and frauds.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'CYBERCRIME and the problems of prosecuting offenders', Presentation to the Sri Lankan Judiciary - Familiarisation Programme on Procedural Justice and Judicial Role 18 December. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact The presentation was to senior Sri Lankan Judiciary who were learning about solutions to the challenges of cybercrime, including cloud crime and cybercrimes of extortion
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'Conceptualising Cybercrime Today: Happy Birthday WWW you are 25', 5th International Conference on Cybercrime and Computer Forensics, Sofitel, Broadbeach, Gold Coast, Australia 18 July 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was a keynote speech to the annual conference of the Australian Crime Intelligence Commission in Brisbane.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'Darknets, Deepweb and Cryptocurrencies in relation to Organized Crime', Paper to ISSE The future of digital security & trust, Deloitte EMEA., Belgium, 15th November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact This talk was to a conference of the cybersecurity industry.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.eema.org/isse-2017-future-digital-security-trust/
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'Policing Bitcoin: The Challenge of CryptoCurrencies for Policing, 2017 CEPOL Research & Science Conference, Hungarian National University of Public Service in Budapest, 28th November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This talk was to the CEPOL (European Police Training College) on Bitcoin as a payment method for Ransomware and Extortion.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.cepol.europa.eu/science-research/conferences/2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'Ransomware, Cloud Crime and Bitcoin', West Yorkshire Police Cyber Independent Advisory Group, Leeds, 13th December. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Presentation to the West Yorkshire Police Independent Advisory Group on Cybercrime
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'The Human Dimensions of Ransomware', RUGIT Meeting (Russel Group IT Managers meeting), Bristol Engine Shed, 2nd November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact A presentation to develop a dialogue with practitioners (Russell Group IT managers) to help us with our research and also feed back to them.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'The Reality of the Virtual Currency Threat: An Academic Perspective', Virtual Currencies and the Future of Money Laundering, RUSI (Royal United Services Institute), 61 Whitehall, London, 26th September 2017 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This talk was to the Royal United Services Institute and covered Ransomware and Cloud Crimes
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2017) 'The Use of Encryption by Criminals: The UK Experience', Encryption Policy Workshop, Directorate General Joint Research Centre (DG-JRC), 30th May 2017, EU JRC Ispra, Italy. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was a meeting of the EU policy group at Ispra in Italy to discuss amending EU policy on the regulation relating to the use of encryption by criminals. My presentation included ransomware as an issue.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2018) 'Breaking the cybercrime chain', Third Annual Cybercrime Conference, Cambridge University Cybercrime Centre, 12 July 2018 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact This talk was about the cybercrime ecosystem in which teh actors involved in ransomware play a large part. It generated discussion and I got useful comments back froi the audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.cambridgecybercrime.uk/conference2018.html
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019 (Policing) Cybercrime in the Cloud Cloud Technologies and Cybercrime, to West Yorkshire Police, Independent Advisory Group on Cybercrime, Moot Court Room, School of Law, University of Leeds, 10 Jan. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was another meeting of the Police Independent Advisory group on Cybercrime. I discussed developments in our research since the last meeting. The meetings are useful because the interactions help us develop our research and also change the practitioners perspectives.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) 'Facilitating the Online Crime-Terror Nexus: Cybercrime Kingpins and the Cybercrime Ecosystem', ECPR SGOC (Standing Group on Organised Crime), Sofia, Bulgaria, 4-9 July 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact An invited talk and panel at the conference of the European Group on Organised Crime in Bulgaria talking about my research
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://standinggroups.ecpr.eu/sgoc/sofia-20191/
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) 'Towards Understanding Cybercrime as an Ecosystem', Presentation to the Home Office, London, 2 July 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was an invited talk to the Home Office working group on Cybercrime to discuss my research on the EMPHASIS and CRITiCal projects
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Analysis of the ransomware ecosystem, CRITiCal/ Emphasis meeting, 2 May, Leeds 2-3 May 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact This was a show and tell to diseminate research ideas to colleagues and invited participants to disseminate information and receive comments
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Big Data, Big Data Crimes and the Cybercrime Ecosystem, Annual conference of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, 13 November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact This was one of three talks to panels at the American Society of Criminology on my work
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cyber-Crime: risks, trends and responses, 'Global Issues', MoD Combined Forces, Bradford, 4th June. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was one of two talks to MoD Combined forces on the nature of Cyberthreats and attacks. The talk covered both ransomware and also cloud crime projects
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cybercrime Kingpins and the Commoditization of Cybercrime, ESC, Ghent 19th Sept. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact An invited panel and talk at teh European Society of Criminology in Ghent on my various research findings
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.eurocrim2019.com/
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cybercrime Kingpins and the Modern Cybercrime Infrastructure, Annual conference of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, 14 November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The third talk - to a panel at the American Society of Criminology on my research findings
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cybercrime Kingpins, ANZOC Dec 10-13, Perth Convention and exhibition Centre, Perth, Western Australia 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The second of invited talks at the Australian Society of Criminology Conference
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cybercrime Kingpins: The Changing Division of Criminal Labour in the Cybercrime Ecosystem, University Lecture Series, University College Cork 10th, October 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact This was an invited University Lecture at University College Cork with a large varied audience.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Cybercrime: the organisation of big data crime online, Leeds Cybersecurity Week 22nd October 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact A talk to the general public and others for the University Cybersecurlty Week
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/cybercrime-kingpins-the-organisation-of-big-data-crime-online-tickets...
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Pathways in to and out of Cybercrime: Seductions versus Choices or Carrots and Sticks?, Keynote Speech to the International Conference on Youth and Cybercrime and Expert Round-table Meeting (The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups), 14th and 15th June, Hong Kong. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was an invited keynote speech to an international conference in Hong Kong.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Pathways out of Cybercrime, ANZOC Dec 10-13, Perth Convention and exhibition Centre, Perth, Western Australia 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact An invited talk (one of two) at a panel on cybercrime at the Australian Society of Criminology
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Ransomware and the Modern Cybercrime Ecosystem - 9 Dec. Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An invited presentation on Ransomware as part of a University Lecture series
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Ransomware attacks on cities are rising - authorities need to stop paying out', The Conversation, 27 August, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact They reflect a general shift in ransomware tactics from "spray and pray" attacks on large numbers of individual consumers, to "big game hunting", which targets organisations, usually through people in positions of power. Has received 3500 reads
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://theconversation.com/ransomware-attacks-on-cities-are-rising-authorities-must-stop-paying-out...
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) The Changing Division of Criminal Labour in the Cybercrime Ecosystem, 2nd Annual Conference on the Human Factor in Cybercrime, 17 October, Castle Oud-Poelgeest, Leiden, Netherlands. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact This was an invited talk to a Human Factors conference in the Netherlands. Talking about my research findings
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.rechten.vu.nl/en/research/organization/research-programmes/empirical-normative-studies/h...
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) The Increase of Scalability and Asymmetry in Cybercrime, paper to the Roundtable: Research Agenda and Curriculum in Cybercrime and Cybercriminology, Annual conference of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, 14 November. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact The second talk to a roundtable on cybercrime at the American Society of Criminology
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) The technologies of Human Trafficking, UNODC Working group, United Nations, Vienna 27-29 November, 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact A thematic persentation at a UNODC meeting I was invited to attend at which I gave a presentation and took part in the discussion
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) The threat of Online Crime/ Terror Nexus in Airports and Seaports, EAASP (European Association of Airport and Seaport Police, Lisbon, Portugal 29-31 May 2019 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This activity was an invited keynote speech to the European Association of Airport and Seaport Police to talk about my research findings from my EPSRC projects
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2019) Transnational Crime and Criminal Networks, 'Global Issues', MoD Combined Forces, Bradford, 4th June. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This was the second of the talks to the MoD Combined forces workshop on cyberthreats
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2020) 'How cities can fight back against ransomware attacks', The Conversation, March 10 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Short article based upon original research which discusses how ransomware now targets large complex organisations (such as cities) which manage or provide services to others and vicimises them and clients. It also focuses upon ways in which cities can defend themselves and fight back.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://theconversation.com/how-cities-can-fight-back-against-ransomware-attacks-132782
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2020) 'The evolution of ransomware as a major cybercrime', Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, 4pm, 12th March. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact A talk about my research on the evolution of ransomware as a major cybercrime. (was not given in person because of being recalled due to coronavirus - eventually delivered via video)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL http://symposium.uoc.edu/47551/detail/ransomware-as-an-evolving-cybercrime.html
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2020) 'What is Cybercrime and what are the issues for law and enforcement?', Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona. 5pm, 11th March. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact A talk to international students in Spain on what cybercrime is and its implications for society in the 2020s. Was not delivered because of being recalled doe to the coronavirus - eventually delivered via video.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2020) 'What is cyberrime and what is the (legal) issue?', School of Law, Trinity College, Dublin, 9th March. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact A talk to postgrads (with some undergrads and staff on my research into cybercrime and cybersecurity and what to do about hackers.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Wall, D.S. (2020) Ransomware Evolution in the Modern Cybercrime Ecosystem, Final EMPHASIS Research Meeting, De Montfort University, Leicester, 8 January. 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact Presentation at the final EMPHASIS research meeting at De Montfort University
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
 
Description Wall, D.S. and Boiten, E. (2017) 'NHS caught out by WannaCry - now scrambling to catch up, Public Sector Focus, November/ December, 13: 22-23, 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An article in Public Sector Focus about the NHS recovery after the Wannacry ransomware attack.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://flickread.com/edition/html/index.php?pdf=5a31881f4d346#24
 
Description Wall, D.S. and Connolly, L (2017) 'RANSOMWARE: the (crime) gift that keeps on taking, Your data, Your money: Ransomware Briefing, 19th May, AQL Ltd, Leeds. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact The workshop was held to inform regional businesses about the perils of ransomware and to be more prepared against attack.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Wall, D.S. and Connolly, L. (2017) EMPHASIS on Ransomware, 1 &2. The Human Dimensions of Ransomware, EPSRC EMPHASIS project Kick off meeting, DMU, Leicester, 20th Sept. 2017. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact This was a talk to the Kickoff of the Ransomware Project, but the auduence included academics but also key stakeholders
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Was an expert panel member on a UKRI Cybercrime Hackathon 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact I was a member of the judging panel.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021