Biofilm Resistant Liquid-like Solid Surfaces in Flow Situations
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Edinburgh
Department Name: Sch of Engineering
Abstract
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Publications
Barrio-Zhang H
(2024)
Droplet motion driven by humidity gradients during evaporation and condensation.
in The European physical journal. E, Soft matter
| Description | Biofilms are a problem in many industries, but have a particularly negative effect on human health due to infections from medical equipment, e.g. catheters. In recent years, a new anti-biofouling strategy has been to use a liquid-lubricated surface, but this is susceptible to lubricant depletion through shear stress from the flow of a liquid across the surface. In our work, we have established for the first time a new strategy using a surface coating which behaves as a liquid in terms of its interaction with a liquid, but which is covalently attached to the surface and so is not depleted by shear stress from the flow of liquids. We now have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings which can be attached to medical-device relevant surfaces which show strong anti-biofouling performance. Several peer reviewed journal reports have been submitted for publication. |
| Exploitation Route | We envisage the new knwoledge on anti-biolfilm surfaces related to health will be taken forwards through the CoI working in medical microbiology and through the coPI's links to various hospital collaborators. We also envisaged that it would be possible to translate our findings into marine anti-biofouling. We therefore established partnerships with Jotun as a leading global paints and coatings company and a major producer of specialty chemicals and with the National Biofilms Innovation Centre (an Innovation Knowledge Centre funded by BBSRC and Innovate UK) to support an EPSRC research application. This was submitted 29 February 2024, but as of March 2025 it has still not been put to panel by EPSRC due to delays arising from the transition to the new RCUK Smarter and Better Funding System. |
| Sectors | Agriculture Food and Drink Chemicals Environment Healthcare Manufacturing including Industrial Biotechology Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology Transport |
| Description | The work has also been presented in several technology and industry focused forums including a Cambridge Graphene Centre Guest Lecture Seminar (Strategic Research Initiative (SRI) on Quantum and Advanced Materials for a Sustainable Society (QAMSS) University of Cambridge, UK), a SLB (Schulmberger) Eureka Webinar Guest Lecture Seminar (SLB Chemistry and Materials Science Communities) and an International Paint Ltd/AkzoNobel Guest Lecture Seminar (AkzoNobel, Gateshead). It is not possible to say whether this has influenced their own work. The results have also been included within the PIs public understanding initiative (https://www.naturesraincoats.com). |
| First Year Of Impact | 2024 |
| Sector | Chemicals,Education,Environment,Transport |
| Impact Types | Societal Economic |
| Description | Loughborough University Principal Investigator |
| Organisation | Loughborough University |
| Department | Department of Engineering |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Principal and Co-Investigators at Edinburgh University providing expertise and samples with novel surfaces and wettability. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Professor Chen provides biofilm experiments and expertise. She moved to Loughborough in 2024 from Newcastle Unviersity. |
| Impact | See other sections of Research Fish. |
| Start Year | 2024 |
| Description | Newcastle University Co-Investigator |
| Organisation | Newcastle University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| PI Contribution | Principal and Co-Investigators at Edinburgh University providing expertise and samples with novel surfaces and wettability. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The Newcastle University co-investigator, Professor Nicholas Jakubovics at the School of Dental Sciences, brings in expertise about microbiology and gives professional context for biofilms research, particularly wth regards clinical matters. |
| Impact | See other sections of Research Fish. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | Newcastle University Principal Investigator |
| Organisation | Newcastle University |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| PI Contribution | Principal and cop-investigators at Edinburgh University providing novel surfaces and expertise in wettability. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Dr. Jinju Chen (Engineering) is the Principal Investigator at Newcastle University. She brings expertise in biofilm experimentation complementing our expertise in novel surface production and surface wettability. The collaboration started before the award because it was necessary to build the relationship and write the proposal. |
| Impact | See other sections of Research Fish. |
| Start Year | 2021 |
| Description | 2022 - KDF Guest Lecture Seminar, Guandong Technion, Shantou, China (On-line) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2022 - KDF Guest Seminar Lecture Seminar Guandong Technion, Shantou, China (On-line) 26/10/2022 Invited Research Talk - Wettability and Slippery Liquid and Liquid-like Solid Surfaces 26/10/2022 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | 2022 - Nature Inspired Surface Engineering (NISE 2022) - Liquid-like Solid Surfaces Topic |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2022 - Nature Inspired Surface Engineering (NISE 2022) - Liquid-like Solid Surfaces Topic Seoul, Korea 17/08/2022-19/08/2022 Contributed Research Talk - Contact-Angle Hysteresis and Contact-Line Friction on Slippery Liquid-like Surfaces 19/08/2022 Hernan Barrio-Zhang |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| URL | https://ameriscience.org/nise-2021/ |
| Description | 2022 - Workshop on Droplet and Flow Interactions with Bio-inspired and Smart Surfaces Durham, UK |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2022 - Workshop on Droplet and Flow Interactions with Bio-inspired and Smart Surfaces Durham, UK 14/11/2022-15/11/22 Contributed Research Talk - Statics and dynamic friction of droplets on solid surfaces 15/11/2022 Hernan Barrio-Zhang |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | 2023 - 10th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - 10th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) 2023 Mini-symposium [00781] Physical and Mathematical Research on Transport on Slippery Surfaces Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, 20/08/2023-25/08/2023 Solicited Research Talk - Experimental Applications of Slippery Liquid and Liquid-like-Solid Surfaces 23/08/23 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://iciam2023.org/ |
| Description | 2023 - 2023 CSC Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2. 2023 - 2023 CSC Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition Vancouver, Canada 4/06/2023-8/06/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Wettability, Liquid Friction and Slippery Liquid and Liquid-like Surfaces 07/06/23 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.cheminst.ca/conference/canadian-chemistry-conference-and-exhibition-2023/ |
| Description | 2023 - APS DFD 76th Annual Meeting - Slippery Surfaces Topic |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - APS DFD 76th Annual Meeting - Slippery Surfaces Topic Washington DC, USA 19/11/2023-21/11/2023 Contributed Research Talk (Hernan) - Contact-Angle Hysteresis and Contact-Line Friction on Slippery Liquid-like Surfaces 19/11/23 Hernan Barrio-Zhang |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.2023apsdfd.org/?_gl=1%2A1qsu8zd%2A_ga%2AMTE2NDkxMzY3LjE2OTY3ODIwNDI.%2A_ga_1CCM6YP0WF%2A... |
| Description | 2023 - Hubei University Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - Hubei University Guest Lecture Seminar Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, China 15/10/2023 Invited Research Talk - Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 15/10/23 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | 2023 - ICBE2023 - 7th International Conference of Bionic Engineering |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - ICBE2023 - 7th International Conference of Bionic Engineering Wuhan, China 12/10/2023-15/12/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Wettability, Adhesion and Liquid Friction 14/10/23 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.icbe2022.net/En/Default |
| Description | 2023 - Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems - ILASS Europe 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems - ILASS Europe 2023 Naples, Italy 4/09/2023-7/09/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Wettability, Liquid Friction and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 4/09/23 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://ilasseurope.org/events/ilass-europe-2023-4-7-september-2023-naples-italy/ |
| Description | 2023 - Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS) Workshop "Development Of Smart Surfaces with Antimicrobial Properties" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS) Workshop "Development Of Smart Surfaces with Antimicrobial Properties" University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK 01/03/2023 Invited Research Talk - Wettability and Anti-Biofouling Surfaces 01/03/23 and roundtable discussions Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | 2023 - Leeds Institute for Fluid Dynamics (LIFD) Symposium, |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - Leeds Institute for Fluid Dynamics (LIFD) Symposium, Centre for Doctoral Training in Fluid Dynamics, Leeds University, UK 14/06/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Leeds Institute for Fluid Dynamics 14/06/23 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | 2023 - UK Fluids Conference - Slippery Concepts Topic |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - UK Fluids Conference - Slippery Concepts Topic Glasgow, UK 17/09/2023-19/09/2023 Contributed Research Talk (Zhang SSD-003)- Contact-Angle Hysteresis and Contact-Line Friction on Slippery Liquid-like Surfaces 19/09/2023 Hernan Barrio-Zhang |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.gla.ac.uk/events/conferences/ukfc2023/ |
| Description | 2023 - University of Alberta Guest Lecture Seminar, |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2023 - University of Alberta Guest Lecture Seminar, Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 27/11/2023 Invited Research Talk - Wetting, friction and adhesion of droplets on liquid and liquid-like surfaces 27/11/22 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | 2023- UK Colloids 2023 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2023- UK Colloids 2023 University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK 17/07/2023-19/07/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Super Slippery Surfaces: Wetting on liquid and liquid-like surfaces 17/07/23 Glen McHale |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| URL | https://www.constableandsmith.com/events/uk-colloids-202 |
| Description | 2024 - 2024 Australasian Colloid and Interface Symposium |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - 2024 Australasian Colloid and Interface Symposium Terrigal, Australia 4/02/2024-7/02/2023 Invited Keynote Talk - Wettability, Liquid Friction and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 06/02/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - 24th International Symposium on Advanced Bionics (ISAB 2024), ISBE International Symposium with ISO/TC 266 Biomimetics, Changchun, China |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - 24th International Symposium on Advanced Bionics (ISAB 2024), ISBE International Symposium with ISO/TC 266 Biomimetics, Changchun, China Changchun, China 10/09/2024-13/09/2024 Invited Plenary Talk - Wettability, Liquid Friction and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 12/09/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, 77th Annual Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, 77th Annual Meeting2024 - APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, 77th Annual Meeting Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 24/11/2024-26/11/2024 Contributed Research Talk - Siliconization to create liquid-like coatings for medically-relevant surfaces 25/11/24 (Hernán Barrio-Zhang) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Aalto University Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Aalto University Guest Lecture Seminar Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Edmonton, Finland 1/01/2024 Invited Research Talk - Liquid Friction, Wettability and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 11/01/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Cambridge Graphene Centre Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Cambridge Graphene Centre Guest Lecture Seminar Strategic Research Initiative (SRI) on Quantum and Advanced Materials for a Sustainable Society (QAMSS) University of Cambridge, UK, 23/02/2024 Invited Advanced Technology Lecture - Liquid Friction, Wettability and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 23/02/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - International Paint Ltd/AkzoNobel Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - International Paint Ltd/AkzoNobel Guest Lecture Seminar AkzoNobel, Gateshead, UK 5/06/2024 Invited Research Talk - Wettability and Liquid Friction of Liquid and Liquid-like Surfaces 05/06/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Jilin University Guest Undergraduate Lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Jilin University Guest Undergraduate Lecture Jilin University, Changchun, China 11/09/2024 Invited Research Talk - Water: A Tale of Two Surfaces 11/09/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - McGill University Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - McGill University Guest Lecture Seminar Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 11/12/2024 Invited Research Talk - New Paradigms in Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 11/12/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Nature Inspired Surface Engineering (NISE) 2024 (Poster) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Nature Inspired Surface Engineering (NISE) 2024 (Poster) Granada, Spain 20/11/2024-22/11/2024 Contributed Research Poster - Amontons'-Like Laws for Droplet Friction on Solids 20/11/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Newcastle University Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Newcastle University Guest Lecture Seminar Applied Mathematics Group, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 29/11/2024 Invited Research Talk - Liquid Friction, Wettability and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 29/11/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Norwegian University of Science and Technology Guest Lecture Seminar Nanomechanical Laboratory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway 12/3/2024 Invited Research Talk (Online) - Liquid Friction, Wettability and Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 12/03/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - SLB Eureka Webinar Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - SLB Eureka Webinar Guest Lecture Seminar SLB Chemistry and Materials Science Communities 2/4/2024 Invited Research Talk (Online) - New Paradigms in Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 2/04/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - Toronto University Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - Toronto University Guest Lecture Seminar Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Toronto University, Toronto, Canada 12/12/2024 Invited Research Talk - New Paradigms in Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 12/12/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - University of New South Wales Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - University of New South Wales Guest Lecture Seminar School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia 2/02/2024 Invited Research Talk - Nature-Inspired Strategies for Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 2/02/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - University of South Australia Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - University of South Australia Guest Lecture Seminar Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Australia 9/02/2024 Invited Research Talk - Nature-Inspired Strategies for Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 9/02/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | 2024 - University of Sydney Guest Lecture Seminar |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | 2024 - University of Sydney Guest Lecture Seminar Department of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Australia 31/01/2024 Invited Research Talk - Nature-Inspired Strategies for Surfaces Slippery to Liquids 31/01/24 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2024 |
| Description | A talk or presentation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Physics of Life network talk, presented the work about slippery surfaces to prevent biofilm formation |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Preston Street Primary School Science Fair (19/05/2023) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | On Friday 19th of May, 2023, Dr. Steven Armstrong and Dr. Hernán Barrio-Zhang took part in an outreach event representing the University of Edinburgh as judges of a science fair at the Preston Street Primary School. They judged over 50 P7 students' science projects, where the students had to choose a topic, formulate a hypothesis, perform the experiments, and draw scientific conclusions from the results. They interacted with the students directly and provided feedback on the science projects of the students. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
| Description | The University of Edinburgh PGR Conference public outreach (21/04/2023) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Schools |
| Results and Impact | On Friday, 21st of April, 2023, Dr. Steven Armstrong, Dr. Hernán Barrio-Zhang and members of the WISE lab organised an outreach event during School of Engineering Post-Graduate Conference hosted by the University of Edinburgh. Along with the participation from P7 students from the Preston Street Primary School, the outreach event consisted of a show-and-tell table where the group designed special experiments to highlight the research topics of the Institute of Multiscale Thermofluids and the importance of the research we perform. The experiments covered fundamental concepts of wetting and capillarity which were demonstrated though hydrophobic and ultra-smooth coatings such as Slippery Omniphobic Covalently Attached Liquid (SOCAL) surfaces, Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS), PEGylated surfaces and Glaco. This also included demonstrations on macro scale auxetic metamaterials with discussions on their wetting properties. The P7 students were tasked with going around the show-and-tell tables from the different institutes in the School of Engineering and voting for the ones that they learned from the most. Our group, the WISE lab, was voted as the best outreach table by the students. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |