Computing with proteionids
Lead Research Organisation:
University of the West of England
Department Name: Faculty of Environment and Technology
Abstract
The resources and methodologies used to manufacture electronic devices raise urgent questions about the negative environmental impacts of the manufacture, use, and disposal of electronic devices. The use of organic materials to build electronic devices may offer an eco-friendly and affordable approach to growing our electronic world. New organic computing substrates might create novel properties impossible to replicate with silicon, expanding the world of computing and electronics in ways unimaginable until now. The sister field of organic electronics is the unconventional computing which uncovers novel principles of efficient information processing and computation in physical, chemical and biological systems, to develop novel computing substrates, algorithms and architectures. We will hybridise the unconventional computing and organic electronics to design and prototype a unique micro-scale protoneuromorphic network made of hollow protein microspheres. The network processes information analogous to ensembles of coupled oscillators.
People |
ORCID iD |
| Andrew Adamatzky (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Fortulan R
(2023)
Reservoir Computing with Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids
Fortulan R
(2024)
Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids.
in ACS omega
Mougkogiannis P
(2023)
Light-induced spiking in proteinoids yields Boolean gates
in Materials & Design
Mougkogiannis P
(2025)
Serotonergic Mechanisms in Proteinoid-Based Protocells.
in ACS chemical neuroscience
Mougkogiannis P
(2023)
Electrical Properties of Proteinoids for Unconventional Computing Architectures
Mougkogiannis P
(2024)
On interaction of proteinoids with simulated neural networks.
in Bio Systems
Mougkogiannis P
(2024)
Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Cross-Linked by Actin Filaments.
in Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
Mougkogiannis P
(2023)
Logical gates in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres
Mougkogiannis P
(2025)
Chondroitin Sulfate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models.
in ACS applied bio materials
Mougkogiannis P
(2023)
Proteinoid microspheres as proto-neural networks
| Description | The research on Computation with Proteinoids has uncovered several significant findings, demonstrating the potential of proteinoid microspheres as a novel medium for unconventional computation. One of the most striking discoveries is that ensembles of proteinoid microspheres exhibit spontaneous spiking activity similar to the electrical behavior of neurons. This suggests that proteinoids could serve as an artificial model for studying primitive bioelectrical processes, offering a unique perspective on bio-inspired computing. An important aspect of this spiking behavior is its tunability. The research has shown that the spiking activity of proteinoid microspheres can be modulated by exposure to light, allowing for external control over their computational dynamics. Additionally, beyond light-induced changes, the spiking patterns can be further modulated through various external stimuli, demonstrating their adaptability and responsiveness to environmental influences. Beyond their dynamic behavior, proteinoids have also been utilized to construct fundamental logical functions, proving their ability to perform basic computational tasks. This ability establishes a foundation for integrating proteinoids into bio-inspired computing architectures. Furthermore, their computational capacity extends to pattern recognition tasks, as demonstrated through their successful application in optical recognition of the English alphabet. In addition to visual processing, proteinoid microspheres have also exhibited capabilities in sound recognition, highlighting their potential for sensory data processing and unconventional auditory computing. These findings collectively illustrate that proteinoid microspheres are a dynamic and responsive computational medium capable of processing information in a manner reminiscent of neural networks. Their ability to respond to light, modulate spiking activity, and perform logical operations positions them as a promising candidate for future research in unconventional and bio-hybrid computing systems. |
| Exploitation Route | As the project is still ongoing and in its exploratory stage, the full scope of its outcomes is yet to be realized. However, the preliminary findings suggest several promising directions in which the research could be taken forward and utilized by others. The discovery of neuron-like spiking activity in proteinoid microspheres, along with their ability to be modulated by external stimuli such as light, opens up potential applications in bio-inspired computing and neuromorphic engineering. Future research could build upon these findings to develop novel computational systems that mimic biological information processing. Additionally, the demonstrated capability of proteinoids for optical and auditory recognition suggests their potential use in unconventional sensory computing. This could be of interest to researchers working on alternative materials for artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, and biocomputing. Further studies may refine and expand these applications, leading to practical implementations in areas such as adaptive signal processing or hybrid organic-electronic computing interfaces. At this stage, our focus remains on fundamental exploration, but as the project progresses, we anticipate that the methodologies and insights developed will be of interest to a wide range of disciplines, from synthetic biology to computational neuroscience. Collaboration with experts in these fields could facilitate the translation of our findings into more applied research and technological innovation. |
| Sectors | Chemicals Electronics |
| Description | As the project is still in its early stages, the findings have not yet been widely applied. However, they provide a foundation for future research in bio-inspired computing and unconventional information processing. The discovery of neuron-like spiking activity in proteinoid microspheres, along with their ability to be modulated by external stimuli, has generated interest in exploring their potential for neuromorphic systems and biocomputing applications. At this stage, our focus remains on understanding the fundamental properties of proteinoid-based computation. While the results have not yet been implemented in practical applications, they offer valuable insights that could be further developed by researchers in synthetic biology, materials science, and computational neuroscience. As the project progresses, we anticipate that these early findings will serve as a stepping stone for more applied studies and potential collaborations across disciplines. Our project contributes to societal impact by advancing research in bio-inspired computing, which has the potential to influence future technologies in artificial intelligence, neuromorphic engineering, and sustainable computing. By exploring proteinoid-based computation, we are laying the groundwork for innovative, energy-efficient, and biologically inspired information processing systems. Additionally, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of synthetic biological networks, which could inspire new approaches in biomedical research, materials science, and interdisciplinary collaboration. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2024 |
| Sector | Chemicals,Electronics,Environment,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
| Impact Types | Cultural Societal |
| Title | Experimental setup of recording electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres ensembles |
| Description | Proteinoids (thermal proteins) are produced by heating amino acids to their melting point and initiation of polymerisation to produce polymeric chains. Amino acid-like molecules, or proteinoids, can condense at high temperatures to create aggregation structures called proteinoid microspheres, which have been reported to exhibit strong electrical oscillations. When the amino acids L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) were combined with electric fields of varying frequencies and intensities, electrical activity resulted. We recorded electrical activity of the proteinoid microspheres' ensembles via a pair of differential electrodes. This is analogous to extracellular recording in physiology or EEG in neuroscience but at micro-level. We discovered that the ensembles produce spikes of electrical potential, an average duration of each spike is 26 min and average amplitude is 1 mV. The spikes are typically grouped in trains of two spikes. The electrical activity of the ensembles can be tuned by external stimulation because ensembles of proteinoid microspheres can generate and propagate electrical activity when exposed to electric fields. |
| Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Proteinoids (thermal proteins) are produced by heating amino acids to their melting point and initiation of polymerisation to produce polymeric chains. Amino acid-like molecules, or proteinoids, can condense at high temperatures to create aggregation structures called proteinoid microspheres, which have been reported to exhibit strong electrical oscillations. When the amino acids L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-aspartic acid (L-Asp) were combined with electric fields of varying frequencies and intensities, electrical activity resulted. We recorded electrical activity of the proteinoid microspheres' ensembles via a pair of differential electrodes. This is analogous to extracellular recording in physiology or EEG in neuroscience but at micro-level. We discovered that the ensembles produce spikes of electrical potential, an average duration of each spike is 26 min and average amplitude is 1 mV. The spikes are typically grouped in trains of two spikes. The electrical activity of the ensembles can be tuned by external stimulation because ensembles of proteinoid microspheres can generate and propagate electrical activity when exposed to electric fields. |
| Title | Chondroitin Sulphate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models |
| Description | Data for the ''Chondroitin Sulphate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' paper |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13730654 |
| Title | Chondroitin Sulphate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models |
| Description | Data for the ''Chondroitin Sulphate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' paper |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13730655 |
| Title | Data Sets "Living Kombucha Electronics with Proteinoids" |
| Description | The data presents the electrical oscillations observed in Kombucha-proteinoid solutions with compositions of 40:60% (v/v) and 25:75% (v/v). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10206807 |
| Title | Data Sets "Living Kombucha Electronics with Proteinoids" |
| Description | The data presents the electrical oscillations observed in Kombucha-proteinoid solutions with compositions of 40:60% (v/v) and 25:75% (v/v). |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10206806 |
| Title | Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters" |
| Description | Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters" |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12805408 |
| Title | Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters" |
| Description | Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters" |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12805409 |
| Title | Data Sets "Proteinoids--Polyaniline Interaction with Stimulated Neurons on Living and Plastic Surfaces" |
| Description | Data sets for the paper Proteinoids--Polyaniline Interaction with Stimulated Neurons on Living and Plastic Surfaces. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10949538 |
| Title | Data Sets "Proteinoids--Polyaniline Interaction with Stimulated Neurons on Living and Plastic Surfaces" |
| Description | Data sets for the paper Proteinoids--Polyaniline Interaction with Stimulated Neurons on Living and Plastic Surfaces. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10949539 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Kombucha--Proteinoid Biosynthetic Classifiers of Audio Signals'' |
| Description | These voltage signals represent the electrical response generated by the Kombucha-Proteinoid biosynthetic system when exposed to various audio signals. The analysis of this voltage signal data contributes to the understanding and development of novel audio classification methods based on organic systems. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Unique prototype of zoogleal mats with proteinoids designed in the lab. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10326191 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Kombucha--Proteinoid Biosynthetic Classifiers of Audio Signals'' |
| Description | These voltage signals represent the electrical response generated by the Kombucha-Proteinoid biosynthetic system when exposed to various audio signals. The analysis of this voltage signal data contributes to the understanding and development of novel audio classification methods based on organic systems. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10326192 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Omeprazole and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' |
| Description | Data Sets ''Omeprazole and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13208374 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Omeprazole and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' |
| Description | Data Sets ''Omeprazole and Proteinoids in Neuron Models'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13208375 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Alters the Spiking Characteristics of Proteinoids'' |
| Description | Data Sets for the paper ''Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Alters the Spiking Characteristics of Proteinoids'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12707313 |
| Title | Data Sets ''Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Alters the Spiking Characteristics of Proteinoids'' |
| Description | Data Sets for the paper ''Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Alters the Spiking Characteristics of Proteinoids'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12707312 |
| Title | Data for: Learning in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres |
| Description | Proteinoids are thermal proteins which form microspheres in water in presence of salt. Ensembles of proteinoid microspheres exhibit passive non-linear electrical properties and active neuron-like spiking of electrical potential. We propose that various neuromorphic computing architectures can be prototyped from the proteinoid microspheres. A key feature of a neuromorphic system is a learning. Through the use of optical and resistance measurements, we study mechanisms of learning in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres. We anlyse 16 types of proteinoids, study their intrinsic morphology and electrical properties. We demonstrate that proteinoids can learn, memorize, and habituate, making them a promising candidate for novel computing. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Protocols for sound recognition via electrical activity. |
| URL | https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.mgqnk994r |
| Title | Data sets ''Origin of Intelligence: Proteinoids and Fungi'' |
| Description | The data from this research article ''Origin of Intelligence: Proteinoids and Fungi'' is available in Origin Pro software format for further analysis and visualization. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11131867 |
| Title | Data sets ''Origin of Intelligence: Proteinoids and Fungi'' |
| Description | The data from this research article ''Origin of Intelligence: Proteinoids and Fungi'' is available in Origin Pro software format for further analysis and visualization. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11131868 |
| Title | Kombucha--Proteinoid Crystal Bioelectric Circuits |
| Description | The uploaded data files contain information for the paper titled "Kombucha-Proteinoid Crystal Bioelectric Circuits." The dataset includes data on calcium ion concentrations, pH values, impedance, capacitance, and input-output voltage harmonics. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Novel hybrid prototypes. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10300340 |
| Title | Kombucha--Proteinoid Crystal Bioelectric Circuits |
| Description | The uploaded data files contain information for the paper titled "Kombucha-Proteinoid Crystal Bioelectric Circuits." The dataset includes data on calcium ion concentrations, pH values, impedance, capacitance, and input-output voltage harmonics. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10300341 |
| Title | Light-Induced Spiking Response in Proteinoid-Actin-Kombucha System |
| Description | Data for the paper: 'Light-Induced Spiking Response in Proteinoid-Actin-Kombucha System' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12554506 |
| Title | Light-Induced Spiking Response in Proteinoid-Actin-Kombucha System |
| Description | Data for the paper: 'Light-Induced Spiking Response in Proteinoid-Actin-Kombucha System' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12554505 |
| Title | Neuromorphic electrical activity of sea mud |
| Description | Potential vs Time data for the paper ''Neuromorphic electrical activity of sea mud''. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14509679 |
| Title | Neuromorphic electrical activity of sea mud |
| Description | Potential vs Time data for the paper ''Neuromorphic electrical activity of sea mud''. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14509678 |
| Title | On Oscillations of External Electrical Potential of Sea Urchin |
| Description | This data shows the spontaneous oscillations of sea urchins (Column A: time in seconds, Column B: potential in mV) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14335742 |
| Title | On Oscillations of External Electrical Potential of Sea Urchin |
| Description | This data shows the spontaneous oscillations of sea urchins (Column A: time in seconds, Column B: potential in mV) |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14335741 |
| Title | On effect of chloroform on electrical activity of proteinoids |
| Description | Within the scope of this study, titled "On the effect of chloroform on the electrical activity of proteinoids," we present a comprehensive investigation and characterization of various electro-physical parameters. These include impedance, capacitance, resistance, and voltage. These metrics were determined over time to comprehensively understand the system's temporal response, particularly in the presence of chloroform. Furthermore, time-dependent voltage outputs were carefully analyzed to distinguish regular voltage spike trains, which are vital to understanding the system's electrical signal propagation properties. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10443058 |
| Title | On effect of chloroform on electrical activity of proteinoids |
| Description | Within the scope of this study, titled "On the effect of chloroform on the electrical activity of proteinoids," we present a comprehensive investigation and characterization of various electro-physical parameters. These include impedance, capacitance, resistance, and voltage. These metrics were determined over time to comprehensively understand the system's temporal response, particularly in the presence of chloroform. Furthermore, time-dependent voltage outputs were carefully analyzed to distinguish regular voltage spike trains, which are vital to understanding the system's electrical signal propagation properties. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | We have uncovered how electrical activity of proteinoids changes in response to chloroform. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10443057 |
| Title | On response of proteinoids ensembles to Fibonacci sequences |
| Description | Data for the paper "On the response of proteinoid ensembles to Fibonacci sequences." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13858434 |
| Title | On response of proteinoids ensembles to Fibonacci sequences |
| Description | Data for the paper "On the response of proteinoid ensembles to Fibonacci sequences." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13858433 |
| Title | Optical Recognition of the English Alphabet Using Proteinoids |
| Description | This data set contains the potential in mV vs time in seconds for each letter of the English alphabet detected by proteinoids. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12522410 |
| Title | Optical Recognition of the English Alphabet Using Proteinoids |
| Description | This data set contains the potential in mV vs time in seconds for each letter of the English alphabet detected by proteinoids. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12522409 |
| Title | Proteinoid-Polyaniline Neuromorphic Composites for Audio Recognition |
| Description | The data presented is in CSV format and includes potentials vs. time and the magnitude of the signal in dB vs. time. This data is related to the research titled "Proteinoid-Polyaniline Neuromorphic Composites for Audio Recognition." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11083636 |
| Title | Proteinoid-Polyaniline Neuromorphic Composites for Audio Recognition |
| Description | The data presented is in CSV format and includes potentials vs. time and the magnitude of the signal in dB vs. time. This data is related to the research titled "Proteinoid-Polyaniline Neuromorphic Composites for Audio Recognition." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.11083635 |
| Title | Proteinoid-Rhodopsin-Based Spiking Neuron |
| Description | Data of potential vs time for paper ''Proteinoid-Rhodopsin-Based Spiking Neuron''. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14418160 |
| Title | Proteinoid-Rhodopsin-Based Spiking Neuron |
| Description | Data of potential vs time for paper ''Proteinoid-Rhodopsin-Based Spiking Neuron''. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14418161 |
| Title | Recognition of sounds by ensembles of proteinoids |
| Description | Proteinoids are artificial polymers that imitate certain characteristics of natural proteins, including self-organization, catalytic activity, and responsiveness to external stimuli. This paper investigates the potential of proteinoids as organic audio signal processors. We convert sounds of the English alphabet into waveforms of electrical potential, feed the waveforms into proteinoid solutions and record electrical responses of the proteinoids. We also undertake a detailed comparison of proteinoids' electrical responses (frequencies, periods, and amplitudes) with original input signals. We found that responses of proteinoids are less regular and have lower dominant frequency, wider distribution of proteinoids and less skewed distribution of amplitudes compared with input signals. We found that letters of the English alphabet uniquely map onto a pattern of electrical activity of a proteinoid ensemble, that is the proteinoid ensembles recognise spoken letters of the English alphabet. The finding will be used in further designs of organic electronic devices, based on ensembles of proteinoids, for sound processing and speech recognition. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2023 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Protocols for sound recognition via proteinoids electrical activity. |
| URL | https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.6wwpzgn49 |
| Title | Replication Data for: Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids |
| Description | Replication Data for: Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12180077 |
| Title | Replication Data for: Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids |
| Description | Replication Data for: Boolean Circuits in Colloidal Mixtures of ZnO and Proteinoids |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12180078 |
| Title | Serotonergic Mechanisms in Proteinoid-Based Proto-Cells |
| Description | Raw data for the paper Serotonergic Mechanisms in Proteinoid-BasedProto-Cells |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14570874 |
| Title | Serotonergic Mechanisms in Proteinoid-Based Proto-Cells |
| Description | Raw data for the paper Serotonergic Mechanisms in Proteinoid-BasedProto-Cells |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14570875 |
| Title | Spike Trains in PANI--Proteinoid Nanofibers with Different Light Pulse Rates |
| Description | Origin Pro datasets for the paper ''Spike Trains in PANI--Proteinoid Nanofibers with Different Light Pulse Rates.'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Spike trains discovered. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10808307 |
| Title | Spike Trains in PANI--Proteinoid Nanofibers with Different Light Pulse Rates |
| Description | Origin Pro datasets for the paper ''Spike Trains in PANI--Proteinoid Nanofibers with Different Light Pulse Rates.'' |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Response to stimulation is discovered. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10808306 |
| Title | The data on the optical properties of kombucha and kombucha proteinoids, as well as chaos calculations are provided for the paper titled "Kombucha Mats as Responsive Materials." |
| Description | The data on the optical properties of kombucha and kombucha proteinoids, as well as chaos calculations are provided for the paper titled "Kombucha Mats as Responsive Materials." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12794215 |
| Title | The data on the optical properties of kombucha and kombucha proteinoids, as well as chaos calculations are provided for the paper titled "Kombucha Mats as Responsive Materials." |
| Description | The data on the optical properties of kombucha and kombucha proteinoids, as well as chaos calculations are provided for the paper titled "Kombucha Mats as Responsive Materials." |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.12794214 |
| Title | Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Crosslinked by Actin Filaments |
| Description | This Origin Pro file contains the data related to the paper titled "Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Crosslinked by Actin Filaments." The data includes analysis of electrical potential activity patterns exhibited by actin filament networks, such as voltage waveforms, baseline-subtracted signals emphasizing transient excitation peaks, frequency analysis, and distribution of peak amplitude ranges. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Unique prototype of proteinoid-actin networks was developed. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10777712 |
| Title | Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Crosslinked by Actin Filaments |
| Description | This Origin Pro file contains the data related to the paper titled "Thermosensory Spiking Activity of Proteinoid Microspheres Crosslinked by Actin Filaments." The data includes analysis of electrical potential activity patterns exhibited by actin filament networks, such as voltage waveforms, baseline-subtracted signals emphasizing transient excitation peaks, frequency analysis, and distribution of peak amplitude ranges. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2024 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Thermal response discovered. |
| URL | https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10777713 |