S-PROTECT: Tissue-specific repression of S factor expression to enhance wheat disease resistance

Wheat rusts are known as the "polio of agriculture" due to the threat they pose to wheat production worldwide. With a severe lack of resistance in European germplasm and issues around fungicide resistance and/or restrictions there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies to enhance resilience. One alternative and likely more durable strategy is to disrupt host genes that encode susceptibility (S) factors. Pathogens target S factors to support their own establishment or colonization and/or modulate host defence responses. Thus, S factor disruption can confer a fundamental loss of susceptibility. In our ERC STG we developed a novel strategy for identification of S factors and found a series of host genes that play essential roles in supporting wheat rust colonization. However, disruption of S genes can have deleterious effects on yield or plant growth, which has prevented exploitation of many promising S factors in plant breeding. This PoC proposal will focus on overcoming this critical limitation, by employing precision transcriptional regulation. We will develop this approach into a platform technology for assessing S factor expression in wheat. Furthermore, we will use our long-standing connections at JIC will all major seed companies (including multinationals) to assess the commercial viability of this approach. The invention may also have broad applicability beyond wheat, which will be clarified during the project by identifying homologs of our previously characterised S factors and a strategy for precision transcriptional regulation in rice, soybean, maize, cotton and other cereals.