Pain rehabilitation: E/Motion-based automated coaching

Lead Research Organisation: Imperial College London
Department Name: Computing

Abstract

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Publications

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Zafeiriou S (2015) A survey on face detection in the wild: Past, present and future in Computer Vision and Image Understanding

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Jiang B (2014) A dynamic appearance descriptor approach to facial actions temporal modeling. in IEEE transactions on cybernetics

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Georgakis C (2016) Discriminant Incoherent Component Analysis in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

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Zafeiriou L (2017) Nonnegative Decompositions for Dynamic Visual Data Analysis. in IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society

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Antonakos E (2015) Feature-based Lucas-Kanade and active appearance models. in IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society

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Liwicki S (2015) Online kernel slow feature analysis for temporal video segmentation and tracking. in IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society

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Tzimiropoulos G (2014) Active Orientation Models for Face Alignment In-the-Wild in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

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Papaioannou A (2014) Principal Component Analysis With Complex Kernel: The Widely Linear Model in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

 
Description (a) Pain intensity, as shown in rehabilitation-related scenarios, can be automatically estimated from facial expressions with high Pearson correlation coefficient (CORR >= 0.5). This can be done either by firstly recognising facial actions (i.e. facial action units) underlying the expression of pain, or by estimating the intensity of facial expression of pain directly from the extent of changes in facial features such as the displacement of facial characteristic points.

(b) The best results are achieved if accurate facial point trackers are used and facial point locations and displacements are used to represent changes in the observed facial expressions.

(c) Discriminative machine learning approaches perform robustly for the target problem (i.e. pain intensity estimation) but cannot handle missing data, which is typical in real-world scenarios as occlusions and self-occlussions often occur. For this problem, it has been shown that a generative approach (i.e. newly-proposed Latent Trees) has a superior performance.
Exploitation Route Some of the developed methodologies are publicly available in http://ibug.doc.ic.ac.uk/resources
Sectors Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Healthcare

URL http://www.uclic.ucl.ac.uk/people/n.berthouze/EPain.html
 
Description The consortium collected a large database of multimodal recordings of human behaviour in rehabilitation scenario in which they experienced pain while performing rehabilitation exercises. The database has been properly documented, annotated in terms of pain level as judged by human experts, and released according to ethical clearance guidelines. This database has a very large potential impact as it allows academics and scientists all over the world to study the problem of pain estimation by humans and machines based on various signals including facial expressions captured at a very high frequency and resolution.
First Year Of Impact 2015
Sector Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Healthcare
Impact Types Societal