Development of the full Lagrangian approach for the analysis of vortex ring-like structures in disperse media: application to gasoline engines
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Brighton
Department Name: Sch of Computing, Engineering & Maths
Abstract
As vortex ring-like structures in two-phase mixtures occur in a wide range of systems such as gasoline engines, appropriate mathematical models of such processes would allow engineers to rapidly test novel ways of optimising and improving a range of engineering systems before resorting to costly experimental evaluation of new technologies. This proposal is therefore concerned with the generalisation of a mathematical approach known as the full Lagrangian approach (also known as the Osiptsov-Lagrangian method) to enable it to model vortex ring-like structures in two-phase mixtures. The main focus of the project will be on the development of this approach to enable its use in the modelling of three-dimensional processes within a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework. The project will also investigate the possibility of constructing new mathematical models of vortex ring-like structures, to take into account additional complications relevant to certain engineering applications such as the effect of an elliptical core.
This new approach to the modelling of multiphase flows will incorporate the jet and droplet break-up models developed through a currently active EPSRC project EP/F069855/1. Where appropriate, predictions resulting from the new models will be compared with predictions based on three dimensional numerical simulations of transient vortex ring-like structures, based on the conventional research CFD code KIVA 3 and commercial CFD code FLUENT.
A feasibility study will also be performed into the modelling of these vortex ring-like structures based on the combination of the full Lagrangian approach for the dispersed phase and the vortex method for the carrier phase to examine the advantages and limitations of the different mathematical approaches.
Finally, predictions from numerical and analytical models will be validated against in-house experimental results obtained in gasoline engine-like conditions allowing an assessment to be made into the applicability of using the models for the characterisation of processes in gasoline engines.
This will be a collaborative project involving external consultants Professor A. Osiptsov (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia) and Dr. F. Kaplanski (Tallinn Technical University, Estonia), whose expertise is mainly focused on the development of the full Lagrangian method for multiphase flows and semi-analytical vortex ring models. It will be led by Professor S. Sazhin, whose expertise includes the development of new physical models of fuel droplet and spray processes as applied to modelling internal-combustion engines. The co-investigators Dr. S. Begg and Professor M. Heikal will advise on the relevance of the models to automotive applications and provide the experimental data required for the validation of the models. A Research Fellow will be included in the project. This project will ensure a qualitatively new level of physical and mathematical models, developed in the previously funded EPSRC project EP/E047912/1, supporting the collaboration between the PI, co-investigators and Dr F. Kaplanski, and the currently active project EP/F069855/1.
This new approach to the modelling of multiphase flows will incorporate the jet and droplet break-up models developed through a currently active EPSRC project EP/F069855/1. Where appropriate, predictions resulting from the new models will be compared with predictions based on three dimensional numerical simulations of transient vortex ring-like structures, based on the conventional research CFD code KIVA 3 and commercial CFD code FLUENT.
A feasibility study will also be performed into the modelling of these vortex ring-like structures based on the combination of the full Lagrangian approach for the dispersed phase and the vortex method for the carrier phase to examine the advantages and limitations of the different mathematical approaches.
Finally, predictions from numerical and analytical models will be validated against in-house experimental results obtained in gasoline engine-like conditions allowing an assessment to be made into the applicability of using the models for the characterisation of processes in gasoline engines.
This will be a collaborative project involving external consultants Professor A. Osiptsov (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia) and Dr. F. Kaplanski (Tallinn Technical University, Estonia), whose expertise is mainly focused on the development of the full Lagrangian method for multiphase flows and semi-analytical vortex ring models. It will be led by Professor S. Sazhin, whose expertise includes the development of new physical models of fuel droplet and spray processes as applied to modelling internal-combustion engines. The co-investigators Dr. S. Begg and Professor M. Heikal will advise on the relevance of the models to automotive applications and provide the experimental data required for the validation of the models. A Research Fellow will be included in the project. This project will ensure a qualitatively new level of physical and mathematical models, developed in the previously funded EPSRC project EP/E047912/1, supporting the collaboration between the PI, co-investigators and Dr F. Kaplanski, and the currently active project EP/F069855/1.
Planned Impact
It is expected that outside of the academic research community the principal beneficiaries of this research will be mainly the automotive industry via the industrial partner, Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd. The modellers of the processes in internal combustion engines will be able to use more accurate models for droplet heating and evaporation, which will lead to more reliable predictions of the models. The project's results will be reported at the 10th and 11th Euromech Fluid Mechanics Conferences, which alongside academics attract many representatives from industry, including the automotive industry.
The project is expected to directly benefit the designers of fuel injection systems through an increased understanding of droplet dynamics. Importantly, further understanding of the compromise between the requirements of a direct fuel injection system, that can optimally satisfy both homogeneous and stratified charge operation, whilst simultaneously minimising engine emissions, will be incrementally advanced. It is expected that some of the results will be directly applicable to the modelling of other spray phenomena (e.g. aerosol sprays in medicine or agriculture).
The results will be disseminated to a wider audience through publication on the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories (SHRL) website and the University of Brighton open access repository. This will allow the general public to familiarise themselves with the state of the art developments in this field. A specific website for the project will be set up.
Two Visiting Researchers, Professor Alexander Osiptsov and Dr Felix Kaplanskii, are expected to have direct contact with Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd and the wider engineering and environmental community via their work at the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories. It is likely that their involvement in the project will contribute to the creation of links between the British, Estonian and Russian academic and industrial communities. A collaboration agreement between the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories and the Visiting Researchers' home institutions, Moscow State University (Russia) and Tallinn Technical University (Estonia) will be prepared in due course if the project is funded by the EPSRC.
It is expected that the Research Fellow working on this project will be primarily involved in all impact activities, with strong support from the Principal Investigator, Co-investigators and Visiting Researchers.
The project is expected to directly benefit the designers of fuel injection systems through an increased understanding of droplet dynamics. Importantly, further understanding of the compromise between the requirements of a direct fuel injection system, that can optimally satisfy both homogeneous and stratified charge operation, whilst simultaneously minimising engine emissions, will be incrementally advanced. It is expected that some of the results will be directly applicable to the modelling of other spray phenomena (e.g. aerosol sprays in medicine or agriculture).
The results will be disseminated to a wider audience through publication on the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories (SHRL) website and the University of Brighton open access repository. This will allow the general public to familiarise themselves with the state of the art developments in this field. A specific website for the project will be set up.
Two Visiting Researchers, Professor Alexander Osiptsov and Dr Felix Kaplanskii, are expected to have direct contact with Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd and the wider engineering and environmental community via their work at the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories. It is likely that their involvement in the project will contribute to the creation of links between the British, Estonian and Russian academic and industrial communities. A collaboration agreement between the Sir Harry Ricardo Laboratories and the Visiting Researchers' home institutions, Moscow State University (Russia) and Tallinn Technical University (Estonia) will be prepared in due course if the project is funded by the EPSRC.
It is expected that the Research Fellow working on this project will be primarily involved in all impact activities, with strong support from the Principal Investigator, Co-investigators and Visiting Researchers.
Publications
Zaripov T.S
(2016)
Concentration of droplets in a transient gas flow
Zaripov T
(2017)
THE FULLY LAGRANGIAN APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE/DROPLET DYNAMICS: IMPLEMENTATION INTO ANSYS FLUENT AND APPLICATION TO GASOLINE SPRAYS
in Atomization and Sprays
Zaripov T
(2016)
Numerical and experimental analysis of a gasoline fuel spray
Zaripov T
(2018)
A model for heating and evaporation of a droplet cloud and its implementation into ANSYS Fluent
in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
Strizhak P
(2018)
Heating and evaporation of suspended water droplets: Experimental studies and modelling
in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Sergei S. Sazhin
(2017)
MODELLING OF SPHERICAL AUTOMOTIVE DROPLET HEATING AND EVAPORATION: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Sazhin S
(2017)
Modelling of fuel droplet heating and evaporation: Recent results and unsolved problems
in Fuel
Sazhin S
(2018)
Droplets and Sprays
Rybdylova, O.
(2016)
Modelling of a two-phase vortex ring flow based on the fully Lagrangian Approach
Rybdylova, O.
(2014)
Droplet dynamics in a vortex-ring flow
in n/a
Rybdylova O.
(2014)
Modelling of non-isothermal sprays using a combined viscous vortex method and the Fully Lagrangian Approach
in n/a
Rybdylova O.
(2014)
Numerical modelling of a two-phase vortex ring flow using the FLA method for the dispersed phase
in n/a
Rybdylova O
(2016)
A model for droplet heating and its implementation into ANSYS Fluent
in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
Rybdylova O
(2016)
A combined viscous-vortex, thermal-blob and Lagrangian method for non-isothermal, two-phase flow modelling
in International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow
Rybdylova O
(2018)
Modelling of a two-phase vortex-ring flow using an analytical solution for the carrier phase
in Applied Mathematics and Computation
Rybdylova O
(2017)
Meshless methods for 'gas - evaporating droplet' flow modelling
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Papoutsakis, A.
(2016)
Modelling of the evolution of a droplet cloud in a turbulent flow
Papoutsakis A
(2018)
An efficient Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) algorithm for the Discontinuous Galerkin method: Applications for the computation of compressible two-phase flows
in Journal of Computational Physics
Papoutsakis A
(2018)
Modelling of the evolution of a droplet cloud in a turbulent flow
in International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Lebedeva, N.A.
(2013)
Fully Lagrangian modeling of two-phase impulse microjets
Lebedeva N
(2013)
A COMBINED FULLY LAGRANGIAN APPROACH TO MESH-FREE MODELLING OF TRANSIENT TWO-PHASE FLOWS
in Atomization and Sprays
Kaplanski, F
(2016)
Confined vortex rings in gasoline fuel sprays: modelling and observations
Danaila I
(2016)
A model for confined vortex rings with elliptical-core vorticity distribution
in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Danaila I
(2015)
Modelling of confined vortex rings
in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Al Qubeissi M
(2017)
Modelling of blended Diesel and biodiesel fuel droplet heating and evaporation
in Fuel
A. PAPOUTSAKIS
(2017)
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CONFINED SWIRLING VORTEX RINGS
Description | 1. A meshless method for modelling of 2D transient, non-isothermal, gas-droplet ?ows with phase transitions, based on a combination of the viscous-vortex and thermal-blob methods for the carrier phase with the Lagrangian approach for the dispersed phase, is developed. The one-way coupled, two-?uid approach is used in the analysis. The method makes it possible to avoid the 'remeshing' procedure (recalculation of ?ow parameters from Eulerian to Lagrangian grids) and reduces the problem to the solution of three systems of ordinary differential equations, describing the motion of viscous-vortex blobs, thermal blobs, and evaporating droplets. The gas velocity ?eld is restored using the Biot-Savart integral. The numerical algorithm is veri?ed against the analytical solution for a non-isothermal Lamb vortex and some asymptotic results known in the literature. The method is applied to modelling of an impulse two-phase cold jet injected into a quiescent hot gas, taking into account droplet evaporation. Various ?ow patterns are obtained in the calculations, depending on the initial droplet size 2. A model for droplet heating and evaporation, based on the analytical solution to the heat conduction equation inside the droplet, is implemented into ANSYS Fluent using User-Defined Functions (UDF). The predictions of ANSYS Fluent with the new model are verified against the results predicted by in-house research code for an n-dodecane droplet heated and evaporated in hot air. The predictions of this version of ANSYS Fluent are compared with in-house experimental data. 3. The fully Lagrangian approach (FLA) to the calculation of the number density of inertial particles in dilute gas-particle flows is implemented into the CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The new version of ANSYS Fluent is applied to modelling dilute gas-particle flow around a cylinder and liquid droplets in a gasoline fuel spray. In a steady-state case, the predictions of the FLA for the flow around a cylinder and those based on the equilibrium Eulerian method (EE) are almost identical for small Stokes number, Stk, and small Reynolds number, Re, (Re = 1, Stk = 0:05). For the larger values of these numbers the FLA predicts higher values of the gradients of particle number densities in front of the cylinder compared with the ones predicted by the EE. For transient flows (Re = 200), both methods predict high values of the number densities between the regions of high vorticity and very low values in the vortex cores. For Stk greater or equal to 0.1 the maximal values predicted by FLA are shown to be several orders of magnitude higher than those predicted by the EE. An application of FLA to a direct injection gasoline fuel spray has focused on the calculation of the number densities of droplets. Results show good qualitative agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental observations. It is shown that small droplets with diameters 2 mkm tend to accumulate in the regions of trajectory intersections more readily, when compared with larger droplets. This leads to the prediction of the regions of high number densities of small droplets. |
Exploitation Route | A combined viscous-vortex, thermal-blob and Lagrangian method for non-isothermal, two-phase flow modelling could also be used for the analysis realistic flows including the ones in internal combustion engines. |
Sectors | Education,Energy,Transport |
Description | The project is focused on tackling a problem of producing homogeneous distribution of droplets in direct injection gasoline engines. The modelling of this distribution using conventional methods is a very time consuming task. The predictions of the models developed so far have not been very reliable. The new approach, developed as a result of this project, allowed us to produce a reliable and CPU efficient model. The savings of computer resources due to the application of this model could reach several orders of magnitude. The efficiency of this model has been clearly demonstrated when it was applied to the analysis of the processes in gasoline engines (see our research output). Dr O Rybdylova performed further development of this model during her work on her first EPSRC grant EP/R012024/1. The interest in this model by academic researchers and industry has been steadily growing since the publication of our first papers obtained as results of our work on this project. Also, a new theoretical model of for a confined axisymmetric vortex ring was developed during our work on the project. The predictions of this model were shown to be in agreement with available experimental data and numerical simulations. The model combines the viscous vortex ring model, developed by Kaplanski & Rudi (Phys. Fluids, vol. 17, 2005, 087101), with Brasseur's (PhD thesis, Stanford University) approach to deriving a wall-induced streamfunction correction. This model can be recommended for various application, including those in automotive industry (modelling of the processes in gasoline engines). |
First Year Of Impact | 2015 |
Sector | Energy,Transport |
Impact Types | Economic |
Description | EPSRC project EP/M002608/1 |
Amount | £382,925 (GBP) |
Funding ID | EP/M002608/1 |
Organisation | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 03/2015 |
End | 04/2018 |
Description | Heating and evaporation of droplets with nano-particles: experimental studies and modelling |
Amount | £12,000 (GBP) |
Funding ID | IEC 192007 |
Organisation | The Royal Society |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 12/2019 |
End | 12/2022 |
Description | Ricardo UK Ltd |
Organisation | Ricardo UK Ltd |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Private |
PI Contribution | We developed a model which can be potentially used in automotive applications |
Collaborator Contribution | Ricardo consulted us regarding the relevance of the models to automotive applications |
Impact | See our publications |
Start Year | 2013 |