THE PATTERNS, ORGANISATION AND GOVERNANCE OF ECONOMIC CRIMES: ENHANCING THE EVIDENCE BASE
Lead Research Organisation:
Cardiff University
Department Name: Sch of Social Sciences
Abstract
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Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
| Michael Levi (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Antonopoulos, Georgios; Groenhuijsen, Marc; Harvey, Jackie; Kooijmans, Tijs; Maljevic, Almir
(2011)
Usual and Unusual Organising Criminals in Europe and Beyond: Profitable Crimes, from Underworld to Upper World: Liber Amicorum Petrus Van Duyne
Cullen, Francis T.; Wilcox, Pamela K.
(2010)
Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory
Deflem, Mathieu; Deflem, Mathieu
(2011)
Economic Crisis and Crime
Doig A
(2020)
Editorial: The dynamics of the fight against fraud and bribery-reflections on core issues in this PMM theme
in Public Money & Management
Doig A
(2013)
A case of arrested development? Delivering the UK National Fraud Strategy within competing policing policy priorities
in Public Money & Management
Doig A
(2009)
Inter-agency work and the UK public sector investigation of fraud, 1996-2006: joined-up rhetoric and disjointed reality
in Policing and Society
Edwards A
(2008)
Researching the organization of serious crimes
in Criminology & Criminal Justice
Gadd, David; Karstedt, Professor Susanne (University Of Keele, UK); Messner, Steven F.
(2011)
The Sage Handbook of Criminological Research Methods
Gomes Pereira, Pedro; Thelesklaf, Daniel
(2011)
Non-State Actors in Asset Recovery
| Description | 1. International 'mutual evaluations' for money laundering, threat finance and transnational bribery are key drivers of financial crime controls in developed and developing countries; in public and private sector fraud controls, 'lesson learning' happens through pre-existing networks (plus the EC) and global consultancy firms. 2. The findings falsify the proposition that the police are 'knowledge workers' who inform the public and businesses about crime. Software developers and analysts link individuals to each other and to disguised credit and insurance fraud activities, without which such frauds would continue; high value management frauds are unaffected by these data integration techniques. Police are reluctant actors, though they now use data for 'intelligence'. The impact of criminal justice and regulatory measures upon financial crime levels is very difficult to assess, due to poor fraud career tracking and data quality. 3. Although the research carefully measured some forms of fraud in the UK, 'sizing' money laundering and 'market abuse' proved analytically irresolvable within margins of error small enough to help national regulators to fine-tune their actions or to track their performance. 4. The global financial crisis had modest positive and negative effects on different financial crimes and more effect on their control. 5. Despite high motivation of some governments and international banks to reduce terrorist attacks and nuclear proliferation, this private-public policing interface cannot rationally target and eliminate many sources of threat. 6. The structure of crime 'groups' is less important than what people need to commit frauds and how/if they meet those pre-requisites. |
| Exploitation Route | 1. Among the changes stimulated by my work has been the (limited) reframing of white-collar crime or fraud issues as part of 'organised crime' issues in law enforcement and policy as well as in academic circles, in the UK, Australasia and globally via the World Economic Forum. This could influence current enquiries such as the Charbonneau Commission in Quebec Canada, which is looked at whether alleged public works cartels can properly be viwed as 'organised crime', and by others in reorienting focus from drugs/people trafficking to include economic crime, as Europol and the UK National Crime Agency have already begun to do. 2. The fraud costing principles and typologies of impact were taken forward in annual fraud indicators by the new National Fraud Authority, who also appointed me to advise on an identity theft strategic assessment. It impacted their work on victims of fraud. 3. On the back of this, with colleagues elsewhere, I helped the Financial Services Authority (now retitled the Financial Conduct Authority) to develop an evidence-influenced strategic view of the harms (scale and impact) of a broader range of financial crimes - including fraud, market abuse (e.g. insider trading) and money laundering - and how they might be prioritized and counteracted. 4. The analysis of e-gambling and money laundering falsified the common view that all internet opportunities generated extra risks, and encouraged the Council of Europe's Moneyval committee to conduct a money-laundering typologies exercise on that subject, to which I was adviser. 5. The research on mutual evaluation and the internationalisation of controls over 'threat finance' led to an invitation by the American Bar Foundation to join two US scholars in a study in collaboration with the IMF of how the IMF develops its evaluation criteria and conducts anti-money laundering/terrorist finance evaluations, and how they might develop a more rigorous approach to risk-based monitoring and evaluation, which fed into the Financial Action Task Force review in 2012-13. |
| Sectors | Financial Services, and Management Consultancy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy |
| URL | http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/38041-levi-michael |
| Description | 1. Among the changes stimulated by my work has been the (limited) reframing of white-collar crime or fraud issues as part of 'organised crime' issues in law enforcement and policy as well as in academic circles, in the UK, Australasia and globally via the World Economic Forum. This theme has been taken up by Europol in its Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessments and Internet-enabled Organised Crime Threat Assessments (to which I am adviser) 2. The fraud costing principles and typologies of impact were taken forward in annual fraud indicators by the new National Fraud Authority, who also appointed me to advise on an identity theft strategic assessment. It impacted their work on victims of fraud and is currently part of the straegic planning of the Home Office, National Crime Agency, and City of London police Economic Crime Command. 3. On the back of this, with colleagues elsewhere, I helped the Financial Services Authority to develop an evidence-influenced strategic view of the harms (scale and impact) of a broader range of financial crimes - including fraud, market abuse (e.g. insider trading) and money laundering - and how they might be prioritized and counteracted. 4. The analysis of e-gambling and money laundering falsified the common view that all internet opportunities generated extra risks, and encouraged the Council of Europe's Moneyval committee to conduct a money-laundering typologies exercise on that subject, to which I was adviser. 5. The research on mutual evaluation and the internationalisation of controls over 'threat finance' led to an invitation by the American Bar Foundation to join two US scholars in a study in collaboration with the IMF of how the IMF develops its evaluation criteria and conducts anti-money laundering/terrorist finance evaluations, and how they might develop a more rigorous approach to risk-based monitoring and evaluation to feed into the Financial Action Task Force review in 2012-13. My involvement was co-financed by the British Academy. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2008 |
| Sector | Financial Services, and Management Consultancy,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy |
| Impact Types | Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | ESRC Strategy Committee |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | Yes |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | the aim of this body is to decide on research priorities for RCUK in this field development of research priorities |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2013,2014 |
| URL | http://www.globaluncertainties.org.uk/ |