Sexual practices and repertoires of young people in the UK

Lead Research Organisation: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Department Name: Public Health and Policy

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.
 
Title Wellcome Trust "sexology" exhibition 
Description Helped Wellcome Trust create their 'Sexology' exhibition 
Type Of Art Artistic/Creative Exhibition 
Year Produced 2014 
Impact Helped in the process of creating the exhibition based on findings from the project. Impacts not yet realised as exhibition not open at time of writing. 
URL http://www.wellcomecollection.org/exhibitions/institute-sexology
 
Description This research provided crucial insights into how young people's sexual practices manifest and what social meanings are attached to them. Our findings about anal sex have particularly had an impact. For instance, we have shown that despite a common tendency to 'blame' pornography for anal sex, the reality is more complex. Sexual coercion in anal sex appears to be a problem for young people, and young men badgering young women for anal sex is normalised. While the idea to have anal sex may come from many places, including peers, or pornography, the practice of badgering or even attempting anal penetration without consent is attributable to sexual double standards and normalisation of coercion in general. We also showed how oral sex is practised in ways that are not always consensual and despite talking about how oral sex should be reciprocal between men and women partners, men were far more likely to report refusing to 'go down' on women when they did not want to whereas young women reported using strategies to make it more palatable such as using flavoured lube. Ideas about reciprocity were sometimes used to pressure partners into oral sex (I went down on you so now you have to go down on me). Our research highlights the importance of consent and mutuality in sex, whatever the practice, and addressing this should be a priority in sexuality education.
Exploitation Route Our findings have been used to help the general public understand sexual practices and coercion among young people, and have helped inform healthcare practitioners. The work has been used by those developing and delivering sexuality education curricula.
Sectors Education,Healthcare

 
Description Even several years after the award, we continue to write about and disseminate our findings, which have been of wide interest. Our findings have contributed to theory and understanding of young people's sexual practices. We have spoken to numerous practitioners about our findings both formally via conferences and meetings and informally in other settings. Our findings have been covered in national and international media and have reached the public. Members of the public have contacted us directly to us to discuss our work, and have provided commentary on the work via BBC radio 4 and on numerous internet sites. This has particularly been the case for our work on coercive sexual activity. Work from this project has led to invitation to sit on an expert panel to inform government strategies to limit children's access to online pornography and is likely to influence the eventual policy in this area. Senior lawyers are interested in the work on coercion and conversations about this are ongoing. I worked with the World Health Organization developing guidelines in related work on child and adolescent maltreatment, including sexual abuse. Interest in the work has led most recently to new collaborations which we hope to develop into funded research projects.
First Year Of Impact 2014
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Healthcare,Leisure Activities, including Sports, Recreation and Tourism,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections
Impact Types Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services

 
Description APPG on Sexual Violence
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact Long term impact unknown, but this evidence submission was listed as one of three key pieces of evidence in the final response (see link below), and the minister after the fact said my verbal contribution to the APPG discussion was 'very interesting'.
URL https://filia.org.uk/news/2018/3/16/all-party-parliamentary-group-response
 
Description DCMS panel on limiting children's access to online pornography
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Guideline Title Curriculum for Excellence (Scotland school curriculum)
Description Inclusion in sexuality education curriculum
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in clinical guidelines
Impact Improved curriculum taking account of our evidence. Within the curriculum is a lesson plan for Senior Level which has a discussion activity based on our anal heterosex paper (see URL)
URL https://rshp.scot/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Sex-Masturbation-Oral-Anal-sex-Activity-plan.pdf
 
Description Methodologist for World Health Organization Guideline Development Group on health sector responses to child and adolescent maltreatment
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Membership of a guideline committee
 
Description Participation in Office of Children's Commissioner Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact Presented oral evidence to the Inquiry panel and participated in workshop to develop recommendations
 
Description Participation in Office of Children's Commissioner Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
Impact Presented oral evidence to the Inquiry panel and participated in workshop to develop recommendations
 
Description World Health Organization adolescent sexual and reproductive health research priorities setting workshop
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Participation in a guidance/advisory committee
 
Description ALIGN
Amount $15,000 (USD)
Organisation Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United States
Start 06/2018 
End 03/2019
 
Description Consultancy to the Sexology exhibition
Amount £1,000 (GBP)
Organisation Wellcome Trust 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start  
 
Description Individual donor
Amount £10,000 (GBP)
Organisation International Planned Parenthood Federation 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start  
 
Description Sexual Violence Research Initiative
Amount $100,000 (USD)
Organisation World Bank Group 
Sector Public
Country United States
Start 06/2019 
End 05/2020
 
Description 'Girls decide' consultative meeting 
Organisation International Planned Parenthood Federation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution International expert meeting ?Girls decide? (Amsterdam) organised by the International Planned Parenthood Federation, which brought together academics and practitioners to share knowledge to improve sexual and reproductive health services for young women.
Start Year 2010
 
Description Collaboration on grant proposal to look at digital intimacies 
Organisation Birmingham City University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborated on a proposal to examine digital intimacies among young people in the UK. Shortlisted for Wellcome Trust Collaborator Award but not awarded. We will seek funds elsewhere.
Collaborator Contribution We jointly came up with the research proposal, submitted, and attended the interview together.
Impact One grant proposal.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration on grant proposal to look at digital intimacies 
Organisation Middlesex University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborated on a proposal to examine digital intimacies among young people in the UK. Shortlisted for Wellcome Trust Collaborator Award but not awarded. We will seek funds elsewhere.
Collaborator Contribution We jointly came up with the research proposal, submitted, and attended the interview together.
Impact One grant proposal.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Collaboration on grant proposal to look at digital intimacies 
Organisation University of Sunderland
Department Journalism Media & Cultural Studies
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Collaborated on a proposal to examine digital intimacies among young people in the UK. Shortlisted for Wellcome Trust Collaborator Award but not awarded. We will seek funds elsewhere.
Collaborator Contribution We jointly came up with the research proposal, submitted, and attended the interview together.
Impact One grant proposal.
Start Year 2017
 
Description Contribution to consultation on themes for Millennium Cohort Study 
Organisation University College London
Department Institute of Education (IOE)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We submitted an invited contribution to the consultation for themes for the Millennium Cohort Study (wave 6, age 14), and participated in the consultative conference.
Start Year 2013
 
Description Contribution to consultation on themes for Millennium Cohort Study 
Organisation University College London
Department Institute of Education (IOE)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution We submitted an invited contribution to the consultation for themes for the Millennium Cohort Study (wave 6, age 14)
Start Year 2013
 
Description "Not talking about sex" presentation 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Participants in your research or patient groups
Results and Impact Invited talk as part of Magdalen College Oxford symposium (subject gaudy) for Biological and Human Sciences

Section not completed
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description A grown-up conversation about children and porn online starts here (The Conversation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Article in The Conversation drawing on work that arose from the sixteen18 project, helping inform UK Govt strategy on limiting access to pornography by children. The report that the article summarises is being used to inform government policy and a public consultation on this issue.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2006
URL https://theconversation.com/a-grown-up-conversation-about-children-and-porn-online-starts-here-54848
 
Description Accounts of the sensory in young people's talk about sexual pratices 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact .
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
URL http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1ri7h/BSAAnnualConference2/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%...
 
Description All too often, anal sex isn't about young women's desires (The Conversation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I was asked to write an article based on the paper I published about anal sex. The article draws out the main messages of the paper, calling for a focus on mutality and not consent in sex education. The purpose was to draw attention to different types of sexual coercion and begin a conversation in wider society about coercive anal heterosex.

The article was republished by The Washington Post, and the website informed me on the day that it was viewed >8000 times in the first few hours of publication. There was huge interest in the paper in general, but it seems likely that this article helped to bring the key messages to a wider audience and its popularity helped me to control the message, i.e. what was being shared came from me and not from a journalist.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL https://theconversation.com/all-too-often-anal-sex-isnt-about-young-womens-desires-30489
 
Description Article in The Atlantic 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact The work was featured in the lead article of The Atlantic
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/12/the-sex-recession/573949/
 
Description Article in The Washington Post 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I was asked to contribute a 650 word feature to The Conversation magazine, which was then picked up and republished by The Washington Post verbatim.

There was a huge amount of interest in the article, with thousands of views and shares on various social media and direct from the websites of the Washington Post. There were also hundreds of comments under the article itself.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/14/when-it-comes-to-sex-teaching-consent-isn...
 
Description Australian Broadcasting Corporation podcast "Ladies we need to talk" 
Form Of Engagement Activity A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Conducted pre-interview for ABC Ladies We Need To Talk podcast on anal sex aimed at general public, (audience for podcast is adult women) - aimed at discussing safer anal sex and also how to discuss this with young adult children of the audience. Podcast researcher decided to go ahead with podcast (future date at time of submission)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description BBC R4 Woman's hour Saturday 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The interview from the daily show was selected for the weekly roundup of highlights and re-broadcast the following Saturday 20 September.


After the second airing of the interview, various emails from members of the public were read out, suggesting that the programme had had a significant impact on at least those people who had corresponded with the programme afterwards. One said he was a sex educator and the interview would be an excellent way to facilitate discussion in his classes.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description BBC R4 Woman's hour interview 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I was interviewed about some of the findings from this project. The programme aired after numerous warnings about the content and was included in the weekly roundup of the programme on the following weekend. On the podcast that day, emails were also read out with the audience reactions to the interview, which were highly encouraging and sometimes moving.

So far, the main impact has been that there has been a very public discussion of something that had previously been an issue that was completely off-limits in 'polite society'. Anecdotally many people have told me that it has helped them open up conversations that they previously would not have felt able to have. Talking about issues like this in a public forum allows others to have conversations about the conversation they just witnessed i.e. depersonalises the conversation and also allows it to be mentioned in the first place ('did you hear that programme on the radio?')
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p026sv9x
 
Description BMJ Open press release 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Article press released by LSHTM and also by BMJ Open press office to their extensive network

A great deal of interest was generated, on traditional and social media.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
URL http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/8/e004996/suppl/DC1
 
Description Bases, stages and 'working your way up' : discourses of sequence in talk about young people's sexual practices 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Although research into young people's sexual development has tended to be preoccupied with vaginal intercourse, researchers are increasingly examining a wider range of sexual practices that young people engage in, including the sequences in which they are experienced. As in other aspects of young people's lives, concepts of linearity have been utilised to classify sequences of practices - or 'sexual trajectories' - with a 'linear' sequence typically described as progressing from kissing to hand-genital contact to vaginal intercourse. Ideas about sexual sequence are also present in young people's own discourse, with the language of 'bases' being a common way of talking about early sexual activity.



Drawing on data from an ESRC-funded qualitative longitudinal study, we examine what young people perceive to be a 'normal' sequence of sexual practices amongst their age group, and how they account for their own, often more diverse, repertoires and sequences of sexual practices. This paper, therefore, complements a broader discussion about 'ordinariness' by contributing empirical data which challenges current discourses of 'normality' in relation to young people's sexual development.

DIscussion of material and invitation to contribute to a set of papers emerging from the conference.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description Bloomsbury Festival Creative Lab 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Participation in Bloomsbury Festival 'creative lab' bringing academics and artists together to create ideas for the Bloomsbury Festival, a public engagement exercise.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Concerned about porn? Here's what we should really worry about (The Conversation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact This blog post was in response to media reports (e.g. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3639411/Men-watch-soft-core-porn-likely-negative-view-women-controversial-study-claims.html?ITO=1490&ns_mchannel=rss&ns_campaign=1490) that claimed harms to young people from viewing 'soft core' pornography.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://theconversation.com/concerned-about-porn-heres-what-we-should-really-worry-about-61118
 
Description Consent, choice and control 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Plenary lecture given at 2011 Brook Annual Sexual Health Conference and Awards, entitled "Yes. No. Maybe? Young people, sex and consent"

Part of ongoing conversation with Brook about best practice in sexual health services for young people.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Hygiene, tightness and pain. Experiences of anal sex and other sexual practices among young people in England 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation keynote/invited speaker
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk led to discussion afterwards with both researchers and practitioners who were present. BBC contacted us for interview.

This talk was designed to promote discussion among non-specialists, which did occur.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
URL https://showtime.gre.ac.uk/index.php/hsc/shrpconf2012/schedConf/program
 
Description I had oral sex and I couldn't even sit down afterwards : methods and findings from the sixteen18 young people's sexual practices project 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Invited seminar for Oxford Brookes University School of Health and Social Care Research Seminar Series

Various participants expressed interest in finding out more. We hope it will influence their practice (they were mostly trainees in nursing and similar fields)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2010
 
Description LSHTM press release of anal sex paper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Various journalists interviewed me for traditional media. Re-hashed versions of the press release also appeared without additional material from interviews.

A large amount of interest was generated both in traditional but particularly social media.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014
 
Description Multiple media enquiries 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact i have had so many requests for comment relating to this work that I cannot enumnerate them all. At one stage I was being phoned by journalists every week, particularly to ask about the effects of pornography on young people, but also about other aspects of our work or its implications. Journalists have contacted me from most english-speaking countries and the resulting articles have been published in English and in some cases also translated into many different languages.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2014,2015,2016,2017,2018
 
Description New York Times article 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The New York Times ran a long article about school education on pornography in the US. They quoted our work extensively in the article and we helped them report it correctly, working with the writer and the NYT fact checkers. The article is online and ran in print on February 11, 2018, on Page MM30 of the Sunday Magazine with the headline: When Porn Is Sex Ed.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/07/magazine/teenagers-learning-online-porn-literacy-sex-education.ht...
 
Description Polluting bodies: young people's accounts of seeing, smelling and tasting and feeling sex 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Type Of Presentation paper presentation
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk led to discussion with other researchers about implications of the findings

Good contacts made with other researchers in similar areas.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
URL http://gasrn.wordpress.com/2011/10/07/cfp-youth-gender-and-sexuality-contemporary-debates/
 
Description Presentation to UK Department for Education 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Main findings from study presented to representatives from Department for Education

Department for Education
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Principles of Social Research lectures 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Used project findings to illustrate teaching social research methods (annually) for many masters students as part of the compulsory term 1 course 'Principles of Social Research'

Students engaged with the theoretical material better via the specific example of this research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012,2013,2014
 
Description Repertoires and sequences of sexual practices among young people in the UK : a qualitative study 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact An invited seminar for researchers and sexual health practitioners at the UCL Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Market Mortimer Centre, London.

-
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2011
 
Description Researching young people's sexual practices in the UK : notes from a project in progress 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact An invited talk given to DHRes students at University of Hertfordshire as part of their research methods training.

-
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2010
 
Description Round table discussion on the evidence base around the claims made on the subject of pornography 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This round table discussion was convened by the Science & Media Centre to bring together researchers focussed on the effects of pornography on children/teenagers, the brain, relationships, and societal normsevidence base around the claims made on the subject of pornography. Researchers were brough together to discuss the main issues and whether there is a gap between science and opinion, as there is a lot of media opinion on this subject and it often seems very light on evidence.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description The government cited my research in its campaign against porn and anal sex - here's why I disagree (The Conversation) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact This blog post was a response to the government citing me in their policy note on Child Safety Online (https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/child-safety-online-age-verification-for-pornography).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://theconversation.com/the-government-cited-my-research-in-its-campaign-against-porn-and-anal-s...
 
Description Using software in analysis : an example 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Lecture given to MSc and PhD students at LSHTM, using the sixteen18 project as an example of how qualitative computer software can be used to support data management and analysis throughout a study.

The work provided excellent teaching material - engaging and interesting for the students.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Young people and sexualities (lecture) 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Presentation of key findings from the study as part of a guest lecture to Masters students taking the Sexual Health module at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Discussion of the findings
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Young people's sexual practices in England: findings from the sixteen18 study 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Other academic audiences (collaborators, peers etc.)
Results and Impact Invited talk to Research Network for Adolescent and Child Health (ReACH), University of Hertfordshire

.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012