Developing a Research-Policy-Practice Hub for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Lead Research Organisation: Cardiff University
Department Name: Sch of Psychology

Abstract

As many as 1 in 100 children have an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Beyond the suffering for the individual and family, the lifetime economic cost of this condition is estimated to be £3-4 million per individual. Although research has advanced our knowledge on evidence based practice in areas of early identification, diagnosis and intervention, much of this knowledge is not reaching policy and practice. Likewise some key issues affecting individuals with autism that are being articulated by third-sector organisations and government agencies are not impacting on research. The aim of this knowledge exchange project is to create a unique Autism Research-Policy-Practice Hub that will reach across research, policy and practice communities to enable the co-production of knowledge of autism. The goal of this initiative is to facilitate advances in health and wellbeing by providing insight into public policy and practice agendas and increasing access to knowledge on evidence-based approaches to autism. This Research-Policy-Practice initiative builds on a unique foundation of policy and research partnership made possible by the first government strategy for autism in the world. It will provide the first national research-policy-practice model of its kind, and a model for the UK and internationally, both within the field of autism and beyond.

Planned Impact

The research will have potential social and economic impact on policy and practice. These potential impacts will be short, medium and long range as detailed in "Pathways to impact" section. The pathway for realising these impacts will be monitored through an impact-performance plan. A Steering group chaired by Professor Leekam, will be formed to track potential impact. This will consist of representative stakeholders including charities, Welsh Assembly Government and health and education professional groups, parents and an evaluation expert. The initial meeting at the beginning of the project will agree actions to ensure engagement of potential beneficiaries and will set objectives for monitoring and report at the end of the project.

The beneficiaries who will gain from the project immediately will be
(a) professionals working in decision making roles in government who work in policy fields of health, education and social care in relation to ASD
(b) practitioners and researchers in the areas of health, education and social care who work directly with individuals with ASD
(c) researchers working in ASD.

As a result of the benefits above, families affected by ASD and the public generally will also benefit from the project.

Benefits will be gained through increased understanding within each professional group about the issues guiding each other's agendas, priorities and constraints. Improved working relations and decision making should be gained as a result of these insights. The activities involving clinical consultants are expected to impact on the skill and confidence of clinicians and researchers and lead ultimately to improved quality of diagnostic data. These improvements in competence in turn will improve the quality and focus of research. In sum, we envisage that through these activities there will be a direct enhancement of professional expertise and enhancement of skills that will have implications for families affected by autism

Publications

10 25 50

publication icon
Ramsden, C (2014) Closing the gap between research, policy and practice in International Society for Autism Research

publication icon
White, L (2013) Integrating research policy and practice in Autism Spectrum Disorders in International Society for Autism Research

 
Description Taken from Key findings report submitted to ESRC July 2014

1. New web resources: A new web platform was designed for the purpose of maximising participation and collaboration between research and non-research professionals who work in the area of autism spectrum disorders (e.g. education and and clinical professions). http://www.autismrpphub.org/

2. New research findings : (1) A series of qualitative interviews and a large scale survey (N=683) identified new findings on the views of research and non-research professionals about access to research evidence. Findings revealed differences but also some similarities in priorities for evidence based resources by researchers and non-researchers (e.g. academic journal reports). These findings informed the design and content of the final online Autism Research Policy Practice Hub, a web-based platform (see above) designed to narrow the gap between research, practice and policy and promote evidence-based outcomes for people with autism.

(3). Resource: A Technical Summary of the development of the Autism RPP Hub was produced to inform others about the model as part of the Project Evaluation report: http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/warc/files/2014/06/EvaluationRPPhub-8th-Aug-2014.pdf

(4) New partnerships: Activity on the Autism RPP Hub by researchers, policy makers and practitioners directly led to new collaborations e.g. a research grant application by UK researchers from different universities, a joint visit by policy makers to Scotland, new knowledge gained by an international audience about policy and practice issues (e.g. diagnosis, employment issues,practice guidelines) through the hub's online seminars and downloads.
Exploitation Route The web architecture provided a model that can be generically applied to other areas (health, education, social services) where knowledge translation between research, practice and policy is needed.
Sectors Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Healthcare,Government, Democracy and Justice

URL http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/warc/about-us/project-reports/
 
Description Narrative Impact Report Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder that affects at least one percent of the population. This ESRC Knowledge Exchange grant supported the development of an Autism Research Policy Practice Hub (Autism RPP Hub) http://www.autismrpphub.org/ designed to promote the translation of research knowledge of autism and encourage dialogue and collaboration across research, practice and policy sectors. This knowledge exchange project was not a standard research grant. Its impact included contributing to new research and to awareness-raising in policy and practice. A full report of impacts during the lifetime of the grant is provided in the evaluation report of outcomes and impacts. http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/warc/files/2014/06/EvaluationRPPhub-8th-Aug-2014.pdf. The current narrative report will draw on the key points of that report and provide updated impact information for the period April 2014-2015. Summary of the impact The project contributed to knowledge capital, by enhancing knowledge of research in the public services and third sector, and by enabling new communications and partnerships between researchers and professionals in non-academic sectors. In addition, the online RPP Hub provided a catalyst for debates on effective service models and informed the work of the Welsh Government (WG) when evaluating and refreshing the WG ASD Strategic Action Plan. How the work supported by the grant has been used and impact achieved 1. Use of the Autism RPP Hubsite During grant period Google Analytics statistics were used to record the use of the hubsite. Statistics showed that from 19th Sept 2013 to 25th July 2014 (hub launch date until date of Key Findings Report) there were 45,000 page views by a total of 9,496 users. Users viewed an average of 4 pages per session and were predominantly from UK (63%), US (16%), Australia (8%) and Canada (5%) but included 5% users in the European countries of Ireland, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, and 2% in India and Japan. The site contained News, Discussions, and Articles and Resources, the content of which were designed around stakeholder requests and research survey data (See Key Findings Report). During the grant period, the three online seminar events; Diagnostic Interview Methods, Employment Hot Topic and Policy Conversation together attracted 16,630 reads. The articles and resources repository contained more than 190 items, read on average 400 times, including certain key articles read over 2000 times. After end of grant The grant ended in April 2014 and, due to absence of further grant income, the site has been minimally maintained without added online seminars, or regular 'news' updates. Therefore, a drop in its use is to be expected. The Google analytics results from July 2014 until 22nd April 2015 show a drop in use by 50%. Nevertheless, there were 20,394 page views, made by 4,461 users that came from UK (53%), USA (28%), Australia (8%), Canada (6%) and India (4%). The average number of page views per user was 3 pages and the site flow showed that most users predominantly moved to access content from the Articles and Resources section after entering through the front page of the site. This level of self-sustainability of the Autism RPP Hub indicates that it has 'seeded'. It is still being actively used by as many as 2,390 users in the UK and 2,000 users in other parts of the world, even with minimum active promotion of the site. Interestingly, of the total traffic through the RPP website during this period, 21% was accounted for by Mobile and Tablet (e.g. iPad) use. Future active use of the Autism RPP Hub in 2015-2016 is planned by linking it to a new ESRC Seminar Scheme, of which Leekam is a Co-I. The RPP hub will be promoted again and new content and facilitation will be provided. See http://www.shapingautismresearch.co.uk for more details. 2. Impact of Research Policy Practice Hub Impacts on stakeholders are discussed in detail in the evaluation of outcomes and impacts in the following document: http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/warc/files/2014/06/EvaluationRPPhub-8th-Aug-2014.pdf. A summary is given here highlighting examples of the impact in the employment sector. The launch of the Autism RPP Hub brought together stakeholders from the research, policy and practice communities, providing a networking opportunity for the influence of research on public policy. The Welsh Government's Deputy Minister for Social Services, Gwenda Thomas AM, launched the hub at a formal meeting and reinforced the link between policy development, good practice and academic research in her speech. Once the hub had been launched the Deputy Minister also contributed an article setting out the achievements of the ASD strategic action plan and priorities for the future. The Research Policy Practice Hub was subsequently used and cited by Welsh Government officials when they were preparing the draft 2014 version of the Welsh Government's Strategic Action Plan for Autism Spectrum Disorders. The opportunity to use the Autism RPP Hub to bring together autism policy leads in governments was attractive and set as an early objective. We used the Autism RPP Hub to construct the basis for dialogue and exchange of ideas between the four governments of the UK in the Policy Conversation online event Nov 6th 2013. This event created the first opportunity for ASD policy leads from Wales, Scotland England and Northern Ireland to meet in a public forum. The RPP Hub discussion directly resulted in a joint visit by officials to Scotland which took place on 16th January, 2014. The purpose of the visit was to discuss together a service model that had been successful in Scotland. Government officials representing England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland attended and visited One Stop Shops for autism in Edinburgh and in Dunfermline. The visit was hosted by the Scottish Government together with Autism Initiatives and Scottish Autism. It should be noted that the employment agenda was earlier featured in posts on the Autism RPP Hub with several mentions of the need to encourage employers/business to become more open to employ people with autism. One direct consequence of the on-line seminar hosted by the RPP Hub on the 6th of November 2013 was the invitation by the Northern Ireland Government to the Wales Autism Employment Ambassador, Robert Lloyd Griffiths, to speak to a meeting hosted by the NI Minister for Employment in Stormont (26th January, 2014). This was followed with a debate on autism and employment in NI Assembly held on 10th April 2014, promoted by the NI Assembly's All-Party Group on Autism. In Wales a project funded by the department for the Economy, Science and Transport in Wales was established to raise the profile and employment opportunities for people with autism throughout the 45 leading 'anchor' companies in Wales. The RPP hub played a significant role in bringing policy makers in UK governments together, for the sharing of knowledge and experiences, and practice influenced as a consequence. Corroborating statement from CEO of Autism Northern Ireland 'The series of online discussions was a particularly useful tool to Autism NI. The policy discussion brought together the respective government ASD Policy Leads from Wales, Scotland, England and Northern Ireland for the first time ever. Autism NI had identified this need and had encouraged the need for such dialogue for some time through the Celtic Nations Autism Partnership (CNAP) so this RPP Hub initiative was a very effective and acceptably independent forum to make it happen. The impact has been significant. During this contact an invitation was extended by the Scottish Executive ASD Policy Lead to facilitate visits in Scotland to a service model much debated and misunderstood in Northern Ireland: the one stop shop. In addition, the follow up networking opportunity that this afforded has ensured an ongoing relationship and information exchange that is government driven rather than voluntary sector motivated.' Dr. Arlene Cassidy, CEO, Autism Northern Ireland. In a later online seminar Employment Hot Topic in December 2013, we were able to capitalize further on the ASD employment agenda, with the agenda focused more directly on research and the use of evidence. A discussion was opened on the Autism RPP Hub on employment issues in autism, led by Dr. Beatriz López (Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Portsmouth). A number of people joined the discussion including Robert Lloyd-Griffiths (Wales Autism Employment Ambassador), Dr. Sue Fletcher-Watson (University of Edinburgh), Prof Elizabeth Hill (Goldsmiths College, University of London) and Equalities and Diversity, Cardiff University. People with autism provided their own experiences. A series of discussions ensued concerning latest research and evaluation on employability programs and postings were contributed by people living with Asperger syndrome and autism, highlighting the psychological challenges faced when living with the condition and attempting to find employment as well as the importance of employer awareness. The online Employment Hot Topic enabled new communications and partnerships between researchers and professionals in non-academic sectors. Many new contacts were created for the first time between researchers at universities and non-academic professionals. One specific outcome was a research survey designed for the Autusm RPP Hub by Dr Beatriz López that led to key recommendations to local authorities who based their proposals on Dr López 's research survey results. The result was the creation of an employment service, the Autism Centre for Employment (ACE), and further successful funding applications for research related to this service. Corroborating statement by Dr. Beatriz López, University of Portsmouth 'The Hub has been invaluable in sharing information about employment (i.e. the report from Ruth Townsley on Welsh government). It enabled me to conduct a large research survey on the Autism RPP Hub, on barriers to employment for people with autism. I wrote a report with the results of the survey which has been circulated to local authorities (Portsmouth, Hampshire), National Autistic Society and Autism Employment Alliance. Four local authorities and the university of Portsmouth based their successful bid, to the Innovation Fund (from 'Think Autism'), on this report to set up the Autism Centre for Employment (ACE). This employment service provides assessment of individual needs, person-centered training to employers with recommendations of adjustments and work placements. My survey was also the basis for another successful research bid to Research Autism to continue the activities of ACE. An additional bid has been submitted to the Peter Cruddas foundation. Academic publications are currently being prepared for publication.' Dr. Beatriz López, Associate Head, Dept Psychology, University of Portsmouth Other impact - The resources provided by the Research Policy Practice Hub have also been used by a range of communities. These include Health Boards, local special schools for Autism in Wales and the Latvian Autism Association. In early April 2015 we were also contacted by the project leader of a non-autism charity, Shelter-Cymru, who has been accessing research summaries and government resources on the Autism RPP Hub to gain more information about the effects of ASD in people who are homeless. 24/04/15
First Year Of Impact 2014
Sector Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Healthcare
Impact Types Policy & public services

 
Description ESRC IAA
Amount £20,721 (GBP)
Organisation Economic and Social Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 07/2016 
End 06/2017
 
Title Autism Research Policy Practice Hub - http://www.autismrpphub.org/ 
Description A description is given in summarised in the technical report (at the end of the evaluation report) 
Type Of Technology New/Improved Technique/Technology 
Year Produced 2013 
Impact These are summarised in the evaluation report. The evaluation report is available on the website of the Wales Autism Research Centre 
URL http://sites.cardiff.ac.uk/warc/about-us/project-reports/
 
Description Autism research to better policy decision making and practice 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An oral presentation and plenary was given to Directors of Social Services and other policy professionals a the Welsh National Social Services Conference, Lllandudno. The talk introduced the audience to research, evidence based practice and the planned Autism Research Policy Practice Hub.

Policy leads who attended this conference followed up this initial contact by joining The Policy Conversation on the Autism RPP Hub
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Media releases 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Media releases, twitter, youtube videos, blogs and websites helped to maximise societal and scientific impact

There were 520 twitter followers and 1100 tweets
Press release on the launch of RPP Hub• Launch of the Autism RPP Hub http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/articles/autism-hub-launches-11776.html; http://www.esrc.ac.uk/my-esrc/grants/ES.J02080X.1/read, Sept 2013.
ESRC features - New hub connecting autism research practice and policy, June 2013 http://bit.ly/1rsDXQz
RPP Hub on Olga Tennison Research Centre http://bit.ly/1rKfhCg
Feature on ASD Mental Health Government of Canada Project http://bit.ly/WCuvi9
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012
 
Description Meeting with Welsh Assembly Members 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact Presentations on the plans for the Autism Research Policy Practice Hub generated interested and ideas from members. The event, in March 2013, was chaired by the current Minister for Health, Mark Drakeford.

Gwenda Thomas, Deputy Minister and Alaister Davey, Social Services both attended the launch of the Autism RPP Hub (Sept 2013)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2013
 
Description Meetings with CEOs of Charities; National Autistic Society, Research Autism, Autistica, Autism Alliance 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Discussion generated about opportunities for collaborating and coordinating with charities.

1.A follow up talk was presented to all members of Autism Alliance.
2.A follow up shared event was held with Research Autism in April 2014 to present results of RPP Hub and Research Autism's work on a Future Made Together
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2012