Rethinking Environment and Development in an Era of Global Norms: Exploring international politics of justice on carbon forestry and hydropower
Lead Research Organisation:
University of East Anglia
Department Name: International Development
Abstract
The research responds to the unprecedented emergence of global environmental norms intended to reconcile natural resource management with poverty alleviation. Prominent examples of such norms are the social safeguards included in global conventions and the human rights-based rulings of international courts. The norms possess the potential to transform development practice in the future, so long as they effectively support poor people's claims on natural resources and rights to sustainable livelihoods.
The increasing significance of global environmental norms challenges research to develop new theory on the dynamics of environment and development that attends to cross-scale relationships between local environmental struggles, environmental mobilizations and global norms. This research employs an environmental justice lens to examine the effects of global environmental norms on poverty alleviation in the Global South through explorations of forests and water.
The proposed research expands the political ecology approach through attention to notions of environmental justice and cross-scale environmental politics. Notions of justice are at the core of many environmental struggles, as they inform people's claims and practices in relation to natural resources. Justice conceptions are also an integral component of international environmental politics and global environmental norms. Thus ideas about justice are an integral element of environmental politics across scales, connecting local struggles to mobilizations at national and international levels as well as the conceptions informing global norms - or causing dissonances between them.
Research in stage 1 proceeded by way of four case studies from Nepal, Sudan and Uganda on how marginalized people's struggles in reaction to carbon forestry and hydropower projects are, or are not taken up in environmental mobilizations, and how this uptake does, or does not contribute to increases in wellbeing.
The particular objectives guiding the research in stage 2 are to:
(1) Generate empirical insights on the resonance of global norms and international mobilisations with environmental struggles by examining international politics of justice on carbon forestry and hydropower.
(2) Combine the empirical insights from stage 1 and 2 to develop new theory on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.
(3) Support practitioners involved in environmental mobilisations in generating impact in low-income countries through novel forms of engagement.
Research in stage 2 will trace references to the struggles examined in our stage 1 research in negotiations over the so-called Safeguards on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and international court cases dealing with hydropower projects in the South. The research team will synthesize their findings in a theoretical and two case-based journal articles. In addition, the insights from stage 1 and stage 2 will inform the development of a theoretical paper on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.
The project team will also expand the cooperation with environmental activists on the basis of the insights gained in stage 1 research, using think tanks and workshops to create new forums for engaging activists, professionals and government officials. Such forums facilitate involved actors to develop shared ideas about justice and apply them to the REDD+ Safeguards and international water law.
The increasing significance of global environmental norms challenges research to develop new theory on the dynamics of environment and development that attends to cross-scale relationships between local environmental struggles, environmental mobilizations and global norms. This research employs an environmental justice lens to examine the effects of global environmental norms on poverty alleviation in the Global South through explorations of forests and water.
The proposed research expands the political ecology approach through attention to notions of environmental justice and cross-scale environmental politics. Notions of justice are at the core of many environmental struggles, as they inform people's claims and practices in relation to natural resources. Justice conceptions are also an integral component of international environmental politics and global environmental norms. Thus ideas about justice are an integral element of environmental politics across scales, connecting local struggles to mobilizations at national and international levels as well as the conceptions informing global norms - or causing dissonances between them.
Research in stage 1 proceeded by way of four case studies from Nepal, Sudan and Uganda on how marginalized people's struggles in reaction to carbon forestry and hydropower projects are, or are not taken up in environmental mobilizations, and how this uptake does, or does not contribute to increases in wellbeing.
The particular objectives guiding the research in stage 2 are to:
(1) Generate empirical insights on the resonance of global norms and international mobilisations with environmental struggles by examining international politics of justice on carbon forestry and hydropower.
(2) Combine the empirical insights from stage 1 and 2 to develop new theory on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.
(3) Support practitioners involved in environmental mobilisations in generating impact in low-income countries through novel forms of engagement.
Research in stage 2 will trace references to the struggles examined in our stage 1 research in negotiations over the so-called Safeguards on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and international court cases dealing with hydropower projects in the South. The research team will synthesize their findings in a theoretical and two case-based journal articles. In addition, the insights from stage 1 and stage 2 will inform the development of a theoretical paper on cross-scale dynamics of environment and development.
The project team will also expand the cooperation with environmental activists on the basis of the insights gained in stage 1 research, using think tanks and workshops to create new forums for engaging activists, professionals and government officials. Such forums facilitate involved actors to develop shared ideas about justice and apply them to the REDD+ Safeguards and international water law.
Planned Impact
The research in stage 1 and 2 serves the overarching goal of poverty alleviation in the Global South through supporting the development and application of effective and equitable global environmental norms. This is of wider relevance to hundreds of millions in low-income countries (LICs) who are particularly susceptible to environmental injustice through a combination of natural resource-dependence, poverty and social marginalisation.
Impact activities in stage 1 have laid the foundations for the proposed expansion of engagement in stage 2. Most importantly, we have developed solid partnerships with particular activists and advocacy organizations, including Forest Action in Nepal, Mohamed Jalal Hashim in Sudan and the Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development (UCSD). See the Interim Report on stage for further information on how the activities have created receptive audiences for us to engage in stage 2.
In stage 2, we will support our partners in the three countries in generating impact on the current development of social safeguards on carbon forestry and hydropower projects. Our pathways to impact seek to engage activists, government officials and professionals in the three countries through novel forms of engagement, in particular the think tanks developed at the UEA Global Environmental Justice Group as forums for the co-production of knowledge by researchers, professionals, activists and government officials.
Beneficiaries: Poor people in LICs are the ultimate beneficiaries of our research since they will benefit from global environmental norms that influence policies at all scales to simultaneously serve poverty alleviation and sound environmental management. We reach the ultimate beneficiaries through activists, professionals and government officials in Nepal, Uganda and Sudan as key intermediaries. Our partners Forest Action, the Manaseer Council and UCSD will facilitate direct access to these intermediaries in the three countries, which are all World Bank defined LICs.
Pathways to impact: Our impact will be developed through three linked pathways:
(1) Impact through national think tanks in Nepal and Uganda organised together with Forest Action and UCSD (see attached letters). The think tanks will be prepared by training two key activists from Nepal and Uganda on global forestry norms in the professional course on 'Forest Governance: Operationalizing Equity and Justice in REDD+, PES and FLEGT' held in Norwich on 24/08-04/09/2015. They will produce short declarations for dissemination in Nepal and Uganda in English, Nepalese and Swahili to inform the ongoing development of social safeguards for REDD+ in both countries. As a result of the think tanks, we expect Nepal and Uganda to develop social safeguards for REDD+ that balance global interests in the conservation of carbon stocks with poverty alleviation.
(2) Impact through video and stakeholder workshops in Sudan: We will produce a video about affected people's resistance against the Merowe Dam and organize two stakeholder workshops in Khartoum in collaboration with Mohamed Jalal Hashim (see attached letter). The workshops will provide a unique chance for local and national activists to connect with each other and deliberate effective strategies against injustice in the hydropower sector, to be synthesized in two policy briefs. As a result, we hope that resistance against dams in Sudan will become more aware of available sources of international support, and that international mobilizations will be able to address issues specific to hydropower development in Sudan.
(3) We will synthesize 'lessons learned' from this and other projects on how UK researchers can engage activists in the Global South to generate impact.
Impact budget: We propose a significant expansion of engagement activities in stage 2 in order to maximize impact, accounting for 26% of the total budget.
See the Pathways to Impact document for further details.
Impact activities in stage 1 have laid the foundations for the proposed expansion of engagement in stage 2. Most importantly, we have developed solid partnerships with particular activists and advocacy organizations, including Forest Action in Nepal, Mohamed Jalal Hashim in Sudan and the Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development (UCSD). See the Interim Report on stage for further information on how the activities have created receptive audiences for us to engage in stage 2.
In stage 2, we will support our partners in the three countries in generating impact on the current development of social safeguards on carbon forestry and hydropower projects. Our pathways to impact seek to engage activists, government officials and professionals in the three countries through novel forms of engagement, in particular the think tanks developed at the UEA Global Environmental Justice Group as forums for the co-production of knowledge by researchers, professionals, activists and government officials.
Beneficiaries: Poor people in LICs are the ultimate beneficiaries of our research since they will benefit from global environmental norms that influence policies at all scales to simultaneously serve poverty alleviation and sound environmental management. We reach the ultimate beneficiaries through activists, professionals and government officials in Nepal, Uganda and Sudan as key intermediaries. Our partners Forest Action, the Manaseer Council and UCSD will facilitate direct access to these intermediaries in the three countries, which are all World Bank defined LICs.
Pathways to impact: Our impact will be developed through three linked pathways:
(1) Impact through national think tanks in Nepal and Uganda organised together with Forest Action and UCSD (see attached letters). The think tanks will be prepared by training two key activists from Nepal and Uganda on global forestry norms in the professional course on 'Forest Governance: Operationalizing Equity and Justice in REDD+, PES and FLEGT' held in Norwich on 24/08-04/09/2015. They will produce short declarations for dissemination in Nepal and Uganda in English, Nepalese and Swahili to inform the ongoing development of social safeguards for REDD+ in both countries. As a result of the think tanks, we expect Nepal and Uganda to develop social safeguards for REDD+ that balance global interests in the conservation of carbon stocks with poverty alleviation.
(2) Impact through video and stakeholder workshops in Sudan: We will produce a video about affected people's resistance against the Merowe Dam and organize two stakeholder workshops in Khartoum in collaboration with Mohamed Jalal Hashim (see attached letter). The workshops will provide a unique chance for local and national activists to connect with each other and deliberate effective strategies against injustice in the hydropower sector, to be synthesized in two policy briefs. As a result, we hope that resistance against dams in Sudan will become more aware of available sources of international support, and that international mobilizations will be able to address issues specific to hydropower development in Sudan.
(3) We will synthesize 'lessons learned' from this and other projects on how UK researchers can engage activists in the Global South to generate impact.
Impact budget: We propose a significant expansion of engagement activities in stage 2 in order to maximize impact, accounting for 26% of the total budget.
See the Pathways to Impact document for further details.
Publications
Ali N
(2019)
Norms, Mobilization and Conflict: The Merowe Dam as a Case Study
in Transnational Environmental Law
Dawson N
(2018)
Barriers to equity in REDD+: Deficiencies in national interpretation processes constrain adaptation to context
in Environmental Science & Policy
Dawson, Neil
Norm entrepreneurs promote local values and practices in pursuit of just and sustainable forest governance
in Sustainability
Fisher J
(2018)
Linking notions of justice and project outcomes in carbon offset forestry projects: Insights from a comparative study in Uganda
in Land Use Policy
Hari Dhungana
Who exactly benefits from REDD+? Assessing dynamics of social differentiation and impacts of REDD+ projects in Nepal
in Sustainability
Pasang Dolma Sherpa
REDD+ in Nepal
Reilly Anne Dempsey Willis
A Square Peg in a Round Hole? The Future of Indigenous Rights in Africa
in International Environmental Agreements
Satyal P
(2018)
Representation and participation in formulating Nepal's REDD+ approach
in Climate Policy
Satyal P
(2020)
Justice-related impacts and social differentiation dynamics in Nepal's REDD+ projects
in Forest Policy and Economics
| Title | Video-Sudan |
| Description | The project is producing script-writing, shooting, editing, promotion) of a high-definition 30min documentary video (Sudan). |
| Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Impact | Kindly refer to our Annual Report. The documentary was completed in September 2018, and premiered to about 50 people at the University of East Anglia in November 2018. Additional screenings are planned for London in May 2019. It was also 'launched' on Youtube in mid-Feb 2019, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Usa4OaMUw0 The feedback received at the premiere was all very positive. People were impressed by the quality. Those who knew the cost of it (about £6-10k, total) were doubly impressed. The Youtube premiere coincides with the beginning of political change in Sudan, for which thousands of people are marching and working for. It is our hope that the topics explored in the documentary will feed into this process in a constructive way, thereby improving the lives of millions of people. |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Usa4OaMUw0 |
| Description | (One of the several papers that has resulted from the projects presents the following quite effectively through two diagrammes, but these cannot be pasted into the online form). The most interesting of the project's contributions to theory come from its combined analysis of the cases in Uganda, Nepal, and Sudan. The work tested the existing theory that the 'travel' of norms related to environmental or national development issues is facilitated whether upwards or downwards by intermediaries. Considering forest governance practice in Uganda, as just one example, such an intermediary would be someone who is aware of both local forest practice (how people manage the forests they depend on) and of international guidelines and funding opportunities made available through the UN. Typically, a national of the country in consideration, and someone who has access to the two communities. Our research has contributed to this theory in a number of ways. The first is that intermediaries influence which norms travel. An example of 'downwards' travel are norms about reduced deforestation in order to reduce carbon emissions, which could only have reached the Ugandan and Nepalese forest rights NGOs through state or sub-national level intermediaries. Likewise, very few - if any - of the people affected by the dams in Nepal or Sudan had ever heard of the WCD guidelines, before the intermediaries used them alongside the people's 'struggles'. While there is certainly an understanding of Sudanese national law amongst the same people, furthermore, few would have been aware of the violations of the laws of the African Commission or of Germany - before the intermediary lawyers made them so. The same holds true at least two examples of 'upwards' travel of norms: the African Commission is likely to be made aware of the misfit of the Indigenous People's-centred approach, only after the intermediary points it out to them. The question left unanswered by this observation is why the intermediaries chose the norms that they did. A second finding is that the travel of some norms in any direction can be facilitated or obstructed by the people and institutions that act as intermediaries. From the assembly of norms catalogued in the project, it can be noted that the great bulk of travel of norms is 'downwards', i.e. international to local. Apart from the ideas about reducing carbon emissions and voluntary guidelines on dam-building, even international norms related to justice (i.e. the safeguards in REDD+ policy, or Indigenous Peoples rights) are passed more frequently downwards than are any local ideas successfully passed upwards (for example about 'satisfaction' with the government's handling of the compensation package of the Merowe dam, for example). A third finding relates to the 'political' form of obstructions to the travel of norms. The characteristics of national political systems is one example. The representatives of the Dalits in REDD+ processes and platforms were found to have little ability to promote their own norms and interests, relative to the more politically influential NGOs. The latter in some cases kept the Dalits (who are not directly represented in national politics) out of coalitions, in order to weaken their influence over politics. The Dalits are not done any service, furthermore, by any intermediary promotion of Indigenous People's rights. The same holds for the people displaced in the case of the Merowe dam, who also are or do not consider themselves 'indigenous'. The promotion of indigenous rights - and, so, the promotion of norms relevant to indigenous peoples - is a step forward for many indigenous groups, but excludes non-indigenous people, and is most harmful to the most vulnerable of these. A second 'political' form of obstruction to the travel of norms is the mismatch in interests between intermediaries and the groups they are mediating between. Whether it be the intermediary in the case of hydropower in Nepal promoting his or his organisations indigenous interests onto the local people, Ugandan intermediaries pushing the UN climate change agenda on forest users, or US- or UK-based NGOs seeking to reverse rather than to mitigate the construction of a dam in Sudan, the interests of the intermediaries and the people most directly affected by the projects do not match. While the intermediaries and the people may be temporary allies against a common 'enemy' (say, those who may be trying to exclude rather than co-opt the people), the differences remain, and will typically manifest as fractures within an otherwise united front. Many of the intermediaries are not 'representatives' of the people directly affected by the confrontations in question, in other words, but act themselves based on multiple objectives, including many of their own. A very closely related political factor influencing the travel of norms is the mismatch in power of the different actors. The promotion of REDD+ norms is fully backed by the financial, convening, and political power of the United Nations and World Bank, and reaches a capacity in each far beyond those of national and sub-national actors. Those who promote IP rights or WCD guidelines have considerably more clout in the international processes than do the local actors. The clout is measured in terms of financial resources allocated to establishing new structures, policy processes and international consultancies. The Dalits, gender rights activists, and executive committees of the different groups of people affected by the Merowe dam have their own distinct know-how and strategic planning, but lack the cash required to promote their own norms and ideas in the international fora for any length of time. |
| Exploitation Route | The research contributes directly to the body of knowledge and research on environmental struggles and norms, and so will be used by people active in political ecology, environmental management, justice, and 'development' research areass. |
| Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections |
| Description | 1. Impact in Sudan. The impact of this research has been increased substantially by its co-incident timing with the 2019 political revolution that led to replacement of the government in Sudan. Starting in November 2018, the revolution was largely peaceful, and resulted in the displacement of the decades long-serving autocratic government in February 2019. It also led to the formation of a technocratic transitional government that is still in rule by July 2021. The revolution was due to dis-satisfaction with the government from many areas of Sudan, many of which have been in open and violent revolt or long-standing protests. The environmental struggle of the people displaced by the Merowe Dam - the subject of part of the REDEGN 2 project being reported on - fits into the latter category. The Merowe Dam workshops held through 2018 (and in 2015/2016 through the related REDEGN 1 project) each contributed to raising awareness beyond the dam reservoir of the human rights abuses and illegal actions taken by some arms of the government. In hindsight, the timing of these workshops was fortuitous, for combining with other struggles for change in the capital (Khartoum) - as drops of water contributing to a bucket of water that would soon overflow. Similarly, the project's documentary film - 'Merowe Dam: a Shattered Dream' - was fortuitously completed just ahead of the start of the revolution. It has been screened to an audience of about fifty people at the University of East Anglia in November 2018, to about 200 at the Regent Street Cinema in London (in May 2019), and to about 100 at the House of Heritage in Khartoum (in September 2019). Whilst no credit of direct contribution is claimed, the over-whelmingly positive response received at each of the screenings re-enforces the claims we heard more informally - that the film is the first and only to document the human-rights abuses behind the dam once heralded as a national flagship project of development. 2. Impact on Sudanese communities in the UK. The previous project led to further funding from the ESRC-DfID Joint Fund for Poverty Alleviation - ES/T016035/1. As reported under the ResearchFish entry for that project, the project's impact was severely limited by the inability to transfer funds into Sudan. However, the project did lead to UEA-funded CoA fund to leverage the impact of existing work. This related fund has led to the planning of three community workshops in the UK (London, Cardiff, Manchester - maybe Oxford), where a panel discussion will be formed around the screening of the film 'Merowe Dam: a Shattered Dream'. The workshops are designed to amplify the voice of diaspora communities, to raise the profile of the issue, and ultimately to help improve compensation for the people affected by the dam. 'Merowe Dam: a Shattered Dream' 3. Impact in Nepal and Uganda Impact of the REDEGN 2 project in Nepal and Uganda was facilitated through the dynamic group of academic, civil society and state partners involved in national policy processes (e.g. national stakeholder committees). Collectively, the groups critically reflected on forest governance issues through a justice lens. The discussions and outputs created and disseminated by the project in each country have influenced the way issues are analysed and addressed in research (at universities), discussed between stakeholders (in mulitple fora) and, to some extent, the way they are approached in national policy processes. For example, the national stakeholder committees focused on REDD+ have paid greater attention to how distant principles in international governance (such as UNREDD programs and their social safeguards or UNFCCC agreements) can be interpreted into contextually relevant, implementable policy goals. This is important as Uganda and Nepal progress towards implementing REDD+ pilot programs and securing additional funding through the Green Climate Fund for example to begin implementing projects. The policy brief produced in Uganda was co-produced with Ugandan people who are deeply involved in policy discussions. The brief has been widely shared, including with key government officials in the field. In Nepal a chapter was co-authored with prominent indigenous civil society representatives (including the UNFCCC's Asia representative for the newly formed Indigenous Peoples' Platform) about the importance of indigenous rights and contributions to just and effective forest governance. This chapter was specifically requested by Nepali state officials and included within a guidance book published by the government's REDD Implementation Centre. The content has therefore been used as a reference point and noted as a key component of continuing debates about how to design and implement forest governance programs to include the knowledge of and bring benefit to local communities as well as the environment. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
| Sector | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice,Culture, Heritage, Museums and Collections,Security and Diplomacy |
| Impact Types | Cultural,Societal,Policy & public services |
| Description | Development Frontiers (applied for by REDEGN Co-I, Jan 2017) |
| Amount | £180,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 06/2017 |
| End | 12/2018 |
| Description | Rethinking Environment and Development in an Era of Global Norms III: Putting Norms to Work in Sudan |
| Amount | £93,500 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | ES/T016035/1 |
| Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 04/2020 |
| End | 04/2021 |
| Title | Research Methods |
| Description | We employed standard social science research tools and methods, including semi-structured interviews and literature reviews. The selection in the previous cell did not allow this, so is without meaning. |
| Type Of Material | Antibody |
| Provided To Others? | No |
| Impact | None. |
| Description | REDEGN2 |
| Organisation | ForestAction Nepal |
| Country | Nepal |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | We have hosted two from Uganda and Nepal undertook UEA's Equitable Forest Governance Short Course for practitioners - see https://www.uea.ac.uk/international-development/dev-co/professional-training/forest-governance. These same and our project partners from Nepal have also benefited in the ways listed in the next section. The Co-Is (one for Uganda and Nepal, one for Sudan) has contributed to this partnership by: - designing and running 2-day think-tank (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and running a single day workshop (Sudan) - presentation of findings at the think-tanks (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and writing policy brief (Uganda) - writing a chapter for a policy book (Nepal) - participation at the COP in Marrakesh (Uganda, Nepal) - lead authorship on two journal articles (Uganda, Nepal) - lead authorship of one journal article (Sudan) - assisting with the production (script-writing, shooting, editing, promotion) of a high-definition 20min documentary video (Sudan) The PI has contributed to the partnership by the two project workshops, and conceptual and bridging work (running the two project team workshops) . |
| Collaborator Contribution | The non-academic partners have participated in - designing and running 2-day think-tank (Uganda, Nepal) - presentation of findings at the think-tanks (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and running a single day workshop (Sudan) - designing and writing policy brief (Uganda) - writing a chapter for a policy book (Nepal) - training (see 4d) (Uganda, Nepal) - co-authorship on two journal articles (Uganda, Nepal) - co-authorship of one journal article (Sudan) - full production (script-writing, shooting, editing, promotion) of a high-definition 20min documentary video (Sudan) - Joint presentation on a panel organised by the project, at the Earth Systems Governance conference in Lund, Oct 2017; further |
| Impact | The collaboration has led to many discussions of future joint research, and strengthened the bonds between the research institutions involved. |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | REDEGN2 |
| Organisation | Uganda Coalition for Sustainable Development |
| Country | Uganda |
| Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
| PI Contribution | We have hosted two from Uganda and Nepal undertook UEA's Equitable Forest Governance Short Course for practitioners - see https://www.uea.ac.uk/international-development/dev-co/professional-training/forest-governance. These same and our project partners from Nepal have also benefited in the ways listed in the next section. The Co-Is (one for Uganda and Nepal, one for Sudan) has contributed to this partnership by: - designing and running 2-day think-tank (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and running a single day workshop (Sudan) - presentation of findings at the think-tanks (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and writing policy brief (Uganda) - writing a chapter for a policy book (Nepal) - participation at the COP in Marrakesh (Uganda, Nepal) - lead authorship on two journal articles (Uganda, Nepal) - lead authorship of one journal article (Sudan) - assisting with the production (script-writing, shooting, editing, promotion) of a high-definition 20min documentary video (Sudan) The PI has contributed to the partnership by the two project workshops, and conceptual and bridging work (running the two project team workshops) . |
| Collaborator Contribution | The non-academic partners have participated in - designing and running 2-day think-tank (Uganda, Nepal) - presentation of findings at the think-tanks (Uganda, Nepal) - designing and running a single day workshop (Sudan) - designing and writing policy brief (Uganda) - writing a chapter for a policy book (Nepal) - training (see 4d) (Uganda, Nepal) - co-authorship on two journal articles (Uganda, Nepal) - co-authorship of one journal article (Sudan) - full production (script-writing, shooting, editing, promotion) of a high-definition 20min documentary video (Sudan) - Joint presentation on a panel organised by the project, at the Earth Systems Governance conference in Lund, Oct 2017; further |
| Impact | The collaboration has led to many discussions of future joint research, and strengthened the bonds between the research institutions involved. |
| Start Year | 2012 |
| Description | Think-Tanks in Uganda and Nepal |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Think-tanks held in Kathmandu and Kampala each attracted 20-40 practitioners specialized in REDD+ forestry, including representatives from the the relevant ministries. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Workshop in Sudan |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The workshop in Khartoum attracted a number of activists from the people displaced by the Merowe Dam, and put them in touch with academics and researchers from our project and others. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |