Modern Slavery: Meaning and Measurement
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Nottingham
Department Name: Sch of Politics & International Relation
Abstract
This project has two key research aims. The first addresses the meaning of modern slavery. It is a study and analysis of how slavery is defined by different 'user groups', with the intention of bringing usability and clarity, and perhaps conformity and agreement, to the different needed types of definitions - specifically legal, operational, and popular definitions. This study also will bring the perspective of the antislavery usable past by asking how formerly enslaved people who became antislavery leaders during past abolitionist movements (18th, 19th and 20th century) understood and used definitions (and measurements) of slavery in their autobiographies, speeches, editorials and other antislavery advocacy. Does the definitional debate, especially with regard to contributions by survivors of slavery, have a usable past? How did former slaves who led past abolitionist campaigns debate and utilize definitions and measurements? A key part of this side of the research will be to bring the perspective and participation of contemporary survivors of slavery into the study through collecting survivor narratives first hand and introducing topics of definition into new interviews with survivors.
The second key activity of this project addresses the measurement of modern slavery. It is a further test of the application of Multiple Systems Estimation techniques to the hidden population of slavery and trafficking victims, this time in the regional setting of Central Florida, USA, as a case study. The PI and the non-academic partner recently pioneered the first ever use of this technique in addressing slavery and trafficking crime in the UK with the result of the government altering their basis for policy and planning. In Central Florida, working with our NGOs, governmental, and law enforcement partners, the study will replicate the technique as a further test and demonstration. It will also broaden this methodological research in two ways. Firstly, a journalist will be embedded into the MSE research process, exploring and interpreting the experiences of the participants to a wider audience, Secondly, as with our first sub-project, survivors of slavery/trafficking will take a key role in this research. We designed and planned the project in collaboration with two slavery survivors
The second key activity of this project addresses the measurement of modern slavery. It is a further test of the application of Multiple Systems Estimation techniques to the hidden population of slavery and trafficking victims, this time in the regional setting of Central Florida, USA, as a case study. The PI and the non-academic partner recently pioneered the first ever use of this technique in addressing slavery and trafficking crime in the UK with the result of the government altering their basis for policy and planning. In Central Florida, working with our NGOs, governmental, and law enforcement partners, the study will replicate the technique as a further test and demonstration. It will also broaden this methodological research in two ways. Firstly, a journalist will be embedded into the MSE research process, exploring and interpreting the experiences of the participants to a wider audience, Secondly, as with our first sub-project, survivors of slavery/trafficking will take a key role in this research. We designed and planned the project in collaboration with two slavery survivors
Planned Impact
For the sub-project on definitions and meaning the sought after impact of this sub-project is, admittedly, audacious. For the past twenty years much forward movement in this field has been blocked by conflicts over definitions. Conferences, planning meetings, potential collaborations, even the drafting and enactment of laws, have foundered at early stages because definitions could not be agreed. While this work may not fully resolve this conflict, it is hoped that it might break the existing logjam, and allow a more free-flowing movement toward debate and consensus. The impact of this will be felt in two key areas: firstly, the large number of existing legal definitions in national laws and international instruments which are not in harmony or contradictory, will be addressed by building a template definition. We are under no illusions that previous definitions now enacted as law will be scraped, but there is the possibility over time of amendment under the pressure of resolving jurisdictional disagreement. Part of this work with legal definitions is linked to the previous AHRC-funded project which led to the promulgation of the Bellagio-Harvard Guidelines on the legal definition of slavery. Secondly, there will be work in parallel to legal definition to develop an operational definition for use within the social sciences. Across the social sciences, whether involving the use of qualitative or quantitative methods, an inability to fix on and operationalise a definition of slavery means that little comparative or common research has been accomplished - a situation very rare amongst the study of other crimes or human activities. Resolving to use a shared operational definition, even amongst sub-set of researchers, would make possible the critical and needed step of research that can be compared 'like with like'. This is not to assert that all research might fall into common agreement on subject matter and definition, the study of crimes such as rape or hate crime are sometimes divided by definitional debate, but this is a healthy process, and not like the broad and contentious debate now affecting the study of slavery.
The impact of the sub-project testing and demonstrating Multiple Systems Estimation will be threefold. Firstly, just as the recent first use of MSE provided a more reliable estimation of slavery crime in the UK which then served as the basis for a re-think of government policy and enforcement, we intend that the same be true for those enforcing law, making policy, and serving survivors in Florida. Secondly, virtually all grounded planning and progress in this field, particularly in the developed countries, has been blocked by reliable prevalence estimates, and the impact of such a demonstration and dissemination of MSE would likely ripple out to other jurisdictions. Thirdly, the participation of the journalist's is intended to spread the concept and possibility of this technique more widely (at the moment it is only known to a handful of statistical specialists). The aim of this being that virtually all jurisdictions within the developed countries lack reliable measures of slavery/trafficking crime, and so lack a basis on which to build policy, budgets, and adequate responses. A key impact aim is to hasten the process of interest, understanding, and adoption of this technique across these countries and jurisdictions.
The impact aim that applies to both of these research activities is the active engagement of survivors of slavery/trafficking in the process of definitional analysis and in the building of the multiple systems estimate. It is difficult to know how best to measure this impact, but the idea of defining a criminal act which does not include the perspective of victims of that crime seems inadequate. We believe that survivor participation will improve the quality and depth of both research exercises.
The impact of the sub-project testing and demonstrating Multiple Systems Estimation will be threefold. Firstly, just as the recent first use of MSE provided a more reliable estimation of slavery crime in the UK which then served as the basis for a re-think of government policy and enforcement, we intend that the same be true for those enforcing law, making policy, and serving survivors in Florida. Secondly, virtually all grounded planning and progress in this field, particularly in the developed countries, has been blocked by reliable prevalence estimates, and the impact of such a demonstration and dissemination of MSE would likely ripple out to other jurisdictions. Thirdly, the participation of the journalist's is intended to spread the concept and possibility of this technique more widely (at the moment it is only known to a handful of statistical specialists). The aim of this being that virtually all jurisdictions within the developed countries lack reliable measures of slavery/trafficking crime, and so lack a basis on which to build policy, budgets, and adequate responses. A key impact aim is to hasten the process of interest, understanding, and adoption of this technique across these countries and jurisdictions.
The impact aim that applies to both of these research activities is the active engagement of survivors of slavery/trafficking in the process of definitional analysis and in the building of the multiple systems estimate. It is difficult to know how best to measure this impact, but the idea of defining a criminal act which does not include the perspective of victims of that crime seems inadequate. We believe that survivor participation will improve the quality and depth of both research exercises.
Organisations
- University of Nottingham (Lead Research Organisation)
- Arts and Humanities Research Council (Co-funder)
- Tougaloo College (Collaboration)
- Loyola University Chicago (Collaboration)
- UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM (Collaboration)
- Independent Anti Slavery Commissioner (Collaboration)
- Yale University (Collaboration)
- University of Central Florida (Collaboration)
- GOHTTF (Trafficking Task Force) (Project Partner)
Publications
Bales K
(2017)
Unlocking the Statistics of Slavery
in CHANCE
Bales K
(2018)
Modern Slavery Meaning and Measurement: New Approaches
Bales K
(2021)
From forests to factories: How modern slavery deepens the crisis of climate change
in Energy Research & Social Science
Bales K
(2021)
What is the Link between Natural Disasters and Human Trafficking and Slavery?
in Journal of Modern Slavery
Bales K
(2019)
How many trafficked people are there in Greater New Orleans? Lessons in measurement
in Journal of Human Trafficking
Bales, K.
(2016)
The Global Slavery Index 2016
Boyd D
(2018)
Slavery from Space: Demonstrating the role for satellite remote sensing to inform evidence-based action related to UN SDG number 8
in ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Chan L
(2020)
Multiple Systems Estimation for Sparse Capture Data: Inferential Challenges When There Are Nonoverlapping Lists
in Journal of the American Statistical Association
Decker Sparks J
(2021)
Growing evidence of the interconnections between modern slavery, environmental degradation, and climate change
in One Earth
| Title | Making Freedom video for MOOC nominated for the Learning on Screen Awards 2017 (Director Simon Barnett/Producer: Arthur Torrington both of University of Nottingham) |
| Description | Making Freedom is a video lecture from the MOOC course, Ending Slavery and was nominated in the Courseware & Curriculum In-House Award category for a video lecture from the MOOC course, Ending Slavery: ... |
| Type Of Art | Film/Video/Animation |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Impact | The film has reached over 9000 people internationally through the MOOC course Ending Slavery that ran on Future Learn in October 2016 and May 2017. |
| Description | New estimates of slavery figures have better informed antislavery actors of the true nature of the crime. The ILO Director-General explained the significance of having a new estimate (2018). "The world won't be in a position to achieve the SDGs unless we dramatically increase our efforts to fight these scourges. These new global estimates can help shape and develop interventions" (www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=57550). He also told the UN audience at the launch of the new estimate that the new statistics will be "difficult to ignore" and should motivate action: "I hope this will encourage us to put our foot on the accelerator." The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said the estimate was fundamental to "shifting from this lethargy" and the IOM Director-General noted: "If you don't have statistics, you have nowhere to start" (https://goo.gl/2haeT2). Speaking to journalists, Bales explained: "We're finally reaching the point of having a reliable benchmark [for] policymakers, corporations and the people trying to understand how best to intervenewe won't know whether we're winning or losing [without] a metric by which we can measure our progress. With a metric, we can begin to estimatewhat the total cost might be in a certain country [to end slavery], and what kinds of actions might be most appropriate" (https://goo.gl/qbTKxX). This grant was awarded the ESRC International Impact Prize. In presenting the Prize, Prof. Saggar stated that, ""Very rarely do you see an example of outstanding impact that is perfectly aligned with a brand new statute. That is really quite an accomplishment, not so much in the research itself, but it speaks volumes about aligning the research and the evidence to one of the those very rare policy windows when government develops a capacity, the confidence and the certainty to bring about new laws." The use of the two key outputs continue to spread and be used by scholars and policy makers. We achieved the grant objectives, which were essentially two: 1. to bring the voices, views, lived experiences, and understanding of survivors of slavery into the contentious debates about how to DEFINE slavery in ways which better supported legal definitions AND operational definitions. We did this as proposed through bringing together slavery survivors with specialist in law and policy, along with experts in the field of modern slavery. The result is a article, now accepted for publication that sets out new ways of understanding and defining slavery - the first time this key definition has comprehensively included survivor input. This work has been taken into teaching on the MA Slavery & Liberation, and is beginning to filter out to policy makers and social scientists. The second objective was to expand the uptake and use of Multiple Systems Estimation as a way to measure the prevalence of slavery within a jurisdiction. In this we succeeded in several ways. One was the first use of this technique on a city (New Orleans), showing how it could be used at different levels of administration. Second, was the training materials we made public on its use. Thirdly, was simply the dissemination of this technique to other scholars and policy makers which led to its uptake in several countries and the UN. A key lesson learned from this project was that the primary obstacle to the use of this technique is not methodological but social and political. Because the technique relies on the use of existing lists of known cases, and because access to such lists often raise data security concerns (in spite of the fact that no personal/identifiable data is ever needed), the largest investment needed for successful completion of an estimation is the investment in careful communication and bridge building with list holders. The original proposal planned for the use of the MSE technique in Central Florida, in spite of extensive preparation that work could not proceed precisely because of the social and political concerns about MSE. When it was apparent that we might not meet that objective we pivoted to another location and achieved the objective in New Orleans. In terms of the specific statistical technique, this has clearly entered, in part due to this project, a period of refinement. There are now at least four research groups using the technique, but also re-writing the programming in efforts to improve its predictive power. A key next step is to bring these groups together so that their different versions of MSE could be tested on a uniform data set. In terms of the use of the improved operational and legal definition of slavery, we understand that this is an objective and outcome that "has legs", we expect it to spread and change laws and policies and methods of measuring slavery as we disseminate the work after publication, but understand this will be a process not an event. |
| Exploitation Route | Bales now sees potential for MSE in the US to form the basis for a country-level US index, estimating state-by-state figures. As the ASA observes, "MSE has attracted the attention of the US government, which is evaluating its feasibility in the context of human trafficking." A senior statistician added: "'Success in the US context would encourage many other developed countries to take similar action and contribute substantially to the information that existsboth domestically and abroad.'" A researcher at Walk Free has also looked beyond slavery for learning potential: "'MSE and the GSI are 'game changers' in the way slavery is measuredwith potential for application to other human rights issues'" (www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171102121019.htm). |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Digital/Communication/Information Technologies (including Software),Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy |
| URL | https://esrc.ukri.org/research/celebrating-impact-prize/ |
| Description | As part of his research for this grant, the PI, Kevin Bales, has refined and tested a new technique for measuring numbers of slaves. Virtually all grounded planning and progress in the antislavery field has been blocked by reliable prevalence estimates. Random sample representative surveys have proved successful at measuring the prevalence of slavery in some developing countries, but not in the richer, developed countries. This lack of success in richer countries is due to their better law enforcement and rule of law, meaning that the crime is well hidden. Bales' ESRC-funded work enabled him to carry out further applications of Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE), particularly in a regional US context. By testing and refining the mathematical assumptions underlying the MSE approach, he produced new prevalence estimates for the region, and developed and validated the MSE approach itself. Just as MSE provided a more reliable estimation of slavery crime in the UK, which then served as the basis for a reconsideration of policy and enforcement, the same can now be true for those enforcing law, making policy, and serving survivors-in the US and, through the demonstration of this example, in numerous other countries. For example, MSE has now been adopted by the UN Office for Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and carried out in multiple new countries; and a webinar with human rights NGOs on MSE generated a series of inquiries, including a group seeking to use MSE to estimate slavery in the Indian state of Telangana. This project won the 2018 ESRC International Impact Prize: "Professor Bales' research has advanced a new tool for estimating the true extent of modern slavery and trafficking across the world. His adaptation of the Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE) technique, first pioneered for slavery with Sir Bernard Silverman in 2014 for the UK, is helping to provide the first reliable estimates of modern slavery. National and global slavery estimates, including Walk Free's Global Slavery Index on which Professor Bales collaborates, are the baseline against which the United Nations can measure progress towards its Sustainable Development Goal of ending slavery by 2030. His ESRC/AHRC-funded work has enabled him to carry out further applications of MSE, particularly in a regional US context." 2022 Entry: While there are more publications from other scholars on the use of MSE statistics for estimating hard to reach populations, there is also a rather more impactful fact that many practitioners in governments, human rights organisations, and think tanks that are adapting and using MSE in their work. There are currently 82 publications citing our original work introducing this usage of the MSE technique. I would also point to the "Meaning" side of this project and make the same assertion of impact widening in ways that are less easy to measure as simply publications. The specific group we worked closely with, survivors of slavery, have now built up a global organisation, the Survivor Alliance (https://www.survivoralliance.org), with hundreds of members and allies. Most importantly, they have carried out a targetted impact strategy - achieving the appointment of survivor advisors to a number of Boards of Directors of major funding organisations (f.e. The Freedom Fund), companies, and governments. Their training programmes for survivors have lifted many into new roles and oppotunities. These are actions are all from their superlative work, but they are also informed by the shared work and work product of the original grant. |
| First Year Of Impact | 2016 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Security and Diplomacy |
| Impact Types | Cultural,Societal,Economic,Policy & public services |
| Description | Essay for the 2017 Global Slavery Index |
| Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
| Policy Influence Type | Influenced training of practitioners or researchers |
| URL | https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/download/ |
| Description | Joint Submission to the Foreign Affairs and Aid Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, in regard to its Inquiry into Establishing a Modern Slavery Act in Australia, (with Jean Allain, Heli Askola, Andrew Crane, and Marie Segrave), April 2017. |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Impact | Legislation was passed and became law tht incorporated most of our recommendations |
| Description | Nicola Wright, Melanie Jordan, and Andrea Nicholson, "Support Needs of Survivors of Modern Slavery: Worldwide and UK Evidence from Humanitarian Service Providers." Written evidence submitted to Frank Field MP inquiry into the support needs of survivors of modern slavery |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
| Description | COVID-19 Risk and Response: Impacts and Mitigations for Modern Slavery Victims, Survivors and Vulnerable Populations |
| Amount | £403,125 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | ES/V011154/1 |
| Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 07/2020 |
| End | 11/2021 |
| Description | Pathways Through Liberation - Revealing Survivors' Support Journeys Outside of the UK National Referral Mechanism. |
| Amount | £689,051 (GBP) |
| Funding ID | ES/T016337/1 |
| Organisation | Economic and Social Research Council |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2020 |
| End | 06/2023 |
| Description | UKRI SPF Funding: Modern Slavery and Human Rights Policy and Evidence Centre |
| Amount | £10,000,000 (GBP) |
| Organisation | UK Government Investments |
| Sector | Public |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Start | 09/2019 |
| End | 08/2024 |
| Title | Archive of contemporary slave narratives |
| Description | Now as in the 19th century, the slave narrative is at the centre of abolitionism. More effectively than any other abolitionist writing in the 19th century, slave narratives detailed the brutality of slave life and highlighted the heroism of people who made their escape from bondage. Today, formerly enslaved people make themselves subjects of a story instead of objects for sale, and use narrative as a tool for ending slavery. This archive collects hundreds of contemporary slave narratives and makes them available to the public. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2017 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Use of the narratives by multiple NGOs to guide their campaigns and policy. |
| Title | Contemporary Slavery in Armed Conflict (CSAC) dataset |
| Description | We introduce a new dataset, Contemporary Slavery in Armed Conflict (CSAC), coding instances and types of enslavement in armed conflicts from 1989 to 2016, building on the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. CSAC currently covers 171 armed conflicts from 1989 to 2016, with the primary unit of analysis being the conflict-year. We identify different types of enslavement within these conflicts, and find that 87% contained incidence of child soldiers, 32% included sexual exploitation/forced marriage, 21% included forced Labor, and 14% contained instances of human trafficking. We note that enslavement is more likely to take place in internal armed conflicts. The use of enslavement in armed conflicts to support strategic aims is identified, and found in 16% of cases. Because this data coding exercise is novel, we highlight limitations and suggest areas for further research. We see the coding of slavery within conflict as a step toward generating greater understanding of when and how state and non-state actors use enslavement within conflicts, with the goal of learning how to mitigate and possibly eradicate slavery in warfare. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2020 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Dataset launched online in Autumn 2020, first analyses and "launch" article in Journal of Peace Research will be published in 2021. |
| URL | https://www.csac.org.uk |
| Title | Global Slavery Index 2018 data set |
| Description | The full Global Slavery Index data base of 169 countries as well as extensive variables measuring vulnerability to enslavement and government responses to modern slavery is made freely available via the GSI website along with methodological materials. |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2018 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Data is provided yearly since 2014. National governments use these data to explore their region, or to consider different policy responses they might make to modern slavery. |
| URL | http://www.globalslaveryindex.org |
| Title | Global Slavery Index Government Response Ranking |
| Description | Delivery of the 2019 government response ranking using new indicators designed by survivors - from Nov 2018 to March 2019, for launch at the UN in July 2019 by the Walk Free Foundation |
| Type Of Material | Database/Collection of data |
| Year Produced | 2019 |
| Provided To Others? | Yes |
| Impact | Global ability to understand government responses to modern slavery, with resulting actions on new legislation and policy |
| Description | Collaboration with Florida Abolitionist (Anti-Trafficking Coalition of Central Florida) in prevalence research, and U. of Central Florida |
| Organisation | University of Central Florida |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Trained NGO partners, local government, and local, state and federal law enforcement in MSE methodology, coordinated work with Criminology Dept, U. of Central Florida. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Supply both insight into hidden crime AND data to used in prevalence research. |
| Impact | In the trial of MSE use in local areas, this collaboration highlighted the importance of, and significant challenges faced by, local NGO and law enforcement groups. While the original proposal called for this to be the location of the first trial MSE calculation, and despite assurances from Central Florida groups, they were ultimately unable to surmount data sharing and political concerns. This led to a 'no fault' end to the collaboration and a transfer of the area of focus to New Orleans. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Collaboration with Loyola University New Orleans, Modern Slavery Research Project, and New Orleans Anti-Trafficking Coalition |
| Organisation | Loyola University Chicago |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | trained local NGO coalition, and Modern Slavery Research Project staff in MSE methods. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Working together carried out first use of MSE statistics to generate reliable estimate of slavery prevalence in the United States. Partners gathered and shared data. |
| Impact | Publication in submission at this time. Key data already in use by local organisations for policy and practice planning. |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Collaboration with Tougaloo College in establishing Inst. for the Study of Modern Slavery |
| Organisation | Tougaloo College |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Tougaloo College is a 'traditionally Black college' in the USA, it's campus is situated on the old Tougaloo Plantation outside Jackson Mississippi, a slave-based plantation that was converted into a college for freed slaves in 1867. It was a centre for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. Tougaloo faculty and students, working with Historians against Slavery and our teams from Nottingham, built up, within funding from the Mellon Foundation, an Inst. for the Study of Modern Slavery - the first in the United States. |
| Collaborator Contribution | They provided space, researchers, student interns, and some travel funding. |
| Impact | Conferences with representation from a number of TBCUs, reports to Mississippi government, other research outputs. |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Independent Antislavery Commissioner Office |
| Organisation | Independent Anti Slavery Commissioner |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Public |
| PI Contribution | We are providing research team members to work on two new joint projects: The first mapping of contemporary slavery research around the UK: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/news-insights/help-create-uks-first-mapping-of-modern-slavery-research/ And the first mapping and analysis of modern antislavery partnerships around the UK: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/news-insights/launch-of-research-into-uk-modern-slavery-partnerships/ |
| Collaborator Contribution | The Commissioner's office provides expertise, research collaboration, data and partnership links. |
| Impact | To be updated at the end of the projects (autumn 2017) |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | Student Antislavery Group |
| Organisation | University of Nottingham |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | We launched a new student antislavery group at the University of Nottingham, which now fund raises for our partner Antislavery International, holds public events, and partners with us on engagement activities. |
| Collaborator Contribution | The students organise their own events, have built a large student membership, and employ social media for communication. |
| Impact | New student engagement Internship opportunities for students at Antislavery International in London Funds raised for Antislavery International, a registered charity |
| Start Year | 2017 |
| Description | Yale University Working Group |
| Organisation | Yale University |
| Country | United States |
| Sector | Academic/University |
| PI Contribution | Jean Allain, Kevin Bales and Zoe Trodd are now members of the new Gilder Lehrman Center (GLC) for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition Working Group on Modern Day Slavery, Yale University (2016-19), a group of the world's 12 leading scholars of modern slavery. We will attend two meetings a year (March 2017, September 2017, March 2018 and September 2018) and work on specific outputs that will be collaborations between the Antislavery Usable Past and the GLC. |
| Collaborator Contribution | Yale University funds travel (from the UK for Bales/Trodd and from Australia for Allain), accommodation and meals during the two-day workshops, meeting space on campus, and coordinates the organisation of the meetings. |
| Impact | Outputs to come in 2018 |
| Start Year | 2016 |
| Description | All day workshop on slavery and the environment |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | In this scoping workshop our aim is to bring together academic researchers who are working at the interface of modern slavery, environmental destruction, and climate change. This is a new and rapidly evolving field of study that seeks to better understand the relationship between human and environmental (in)security. The workshop will begin to address the evidence gap surrounding this nexus. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Anti-Slavery Model Legislation workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | A workshop to feedbakc on and develop model antislavery legislation for the 91 States that have yet to implement criminal legislation. In progress |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Antislavery Culture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Public talk and panel debate for Childreach International, "Taught, Not Trafficked: 'Sold; Screening" |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | https://www.childreach.org.uk/civicrm/event/info?id=1680&reset=1 |
| Description | Appearance on panel discussion Radio 4 Belfast 11 Feb 2018 - with Cardinal and the Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Discussion generated by presentation of special report on modern slavery to the Pope on the previous day. Hour long discussion. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09r7f3g |
| Description | Book Launch event in Oslo Norway |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | My book #SlaveTech, co-authored with Catharina Drejer was published by a Norwegian think tank - with first launch event for the book at a large event in Oslo. Attended by government officials and policy makers/civil society. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://skaperkraft.no/publikasjoner/bok/bok/article/1493384 |
| Description | Collaborating to End Slavery by 2030 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Supporters |
| Results and Impact | Staff Development training for Campaigns Officers about modern slavery |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Distinguished World Affairs Lecture, Utah Council for Citizen Diplomacy |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Additional talks while there at: University of Utah Hinckley Institute forum, Weber State University, Utah Valley University, Brigham Young University. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKXf1GwaASc |
| Description | Ending Global Slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | TedX talk, live with video recording available online. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Ending Modern Slavery. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | 2017-18 Eleanor Roosevelt Lecture, University College London, for International Women's Day and Women's History Month. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Engaged Research for Ending Slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Conference keynote at "The Grand Challenge of Sustainability" conference |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Gave evidence to Air Space Tribunal - Tribunal inquiring into issues relating to moving towards a new human right to protect the freedom to exist without physical or psychological threat from above |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Description:The Airspace Tribunal: towards a new human right to protect the freedom to exist without physical or psychological threat from above - first in a series of Tribunals taking evidence toward moving a new right within the UN framework. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Global Webinar on Multiple Systems Estimation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Webinar on how to use Multiple Systems Estimation to uncover prevalence of slavery - attending primarily by global and regional NGOs |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Improving Policing on Modern Slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Day long meetings working with local and regional police forces on improving their response to modern slavery |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Ingenious Antislavery Ideas |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Ingenuity18 Ideas Summit: keynote talk and afternoon workshop |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Interview and filming with lead Dutch newspaper and news outlet on methodological advances in slavery measurement. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Hour interview (filmed) turned into feature article in main newspaper and an online film on the issue. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2018/01/19/waarom-er-nu-403-miljoen-slaven-zijn-a1588994?utm_source=SIM&ut... |
| Description | Interview with Peter Beauount, the Guardian |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview linked to early 2018 slavery and trafficking events and political initiatives |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Interviewed by Guardian on release of UK government audit report on Home Office efforts to enforce anti-slavery legislation Dec 18 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A magazine, newsletter or online publication |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview included in Guardian article on on Audit Office review of Home Office anti-slavery work. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Joint Submission to the Foreign Affairs and Aid Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, in regard to its Inquiry into Establishing a Modern Slavery Act in Australia, (with Jean Allain, Heli Askola, Andrew Crane, and Marie Segrave), April 2017. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Joint Submission to the Foreign Affairs and Aid Sub-Committee of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, in regard to its Inquiry into Establishing a Modern Slavery Act in Australia, (with Jean Allain, Heli Askola, Andrew Crane, and Marie Segrave), April 2017. Covered widely in press and media, both within Australia and in the UK. Several keys points carried into the new legislation. Use of new measurement techniques, such as MSE, highlighted. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Joint launch of Walk Free/Rights Lab/ILO/IOM global estimtes at UN General Assembly |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Launch of first-ever collaborative prevalence estimates between UN, Walk Free (including Notts Rights Lab), ILO, and IOM - ending years of disputed numbers. Google shows 1.5 million hits on this specific launch and topic. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_574717/lang--en/index.htm |
| Description | Keynote - National Conference Gangmasters Licensing Authority |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Introducing new statistical techniques and other breakthroughs to the sharp end of slavery detection and response - key government agency with enforcement powers, but needful of statistical backup and guidance. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Keynote Address, annual International Trust Conference (Thompson-Reuters) 15 Nov 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Keynote on breakthroughs in slavery research methodologies, key result was that within minutes of keynote Trust Conference trended to Number 3 for entire UK on twitter as hundreds tweeted and re-tweeted slides from my presentation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | http://www.trustconference.com/videos/i/?id=319075a4-42c4-461c-8df3-877e07a3cdd3&confYear=2017 |
| Description | Keynote CogX Conference London 21 June (Annual Meeting of Artificial Intelligence Experts) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Invited to speak on use of new measurement techniques in antislavery work, plus our use of AI in slave location detection. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Keynote Speech, Legatum Institute/Freedom Fund Conference 2 Dec. 2016 Tackling Slavery to Promote Freedom and Prosperity |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | High level conference hosted by Legatum Institute - @ 150 in attendance including Sec. of State for Development; Baroness Stroud; several MPs; CEOs of international human rights groups; Princess Mabel of Netherlands, etc. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | https://www.li.com/events/tackling-slavery-to-promote-freedom-and-prosperity |
| Description | Keynote at LUSH Summit |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | LUSH is an international cosmetics company dedicated to slave-free supply chains, their Summits bring together hundreds of NGOs with their employees. My keynote brought together the issues of modern slavery, supply chains, environmental destruction, and how new research methods were addressing these. Presentation was filmed and will be posted, but has not been posted as of this entry, |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Keynote, national conference: "Meeting the challenge: ending slavery by 2030" |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Keynote talk to the "Meeting the challenge: ending slavery by 2030" national conference at U. of Nottingham Nov 9 2017 |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Launch of Global Slavery Index 2018 - United Nations New York |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Launch of 2018 Global Slavery Index at United Nations New York - the launch included formal event in the UN, series of other meetings with UN depts, media, NGOs, presentations to sub-groups, and a number of media interviews. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/beacons-of-excellence/rights-lab/news/2018/july/global-slavery... |
| Description | Lecture for a UC Berkeley Political Science course |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Local |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | This lecture was intended to educate UC Berkeley students in a Political Science class about the issue of modern slavery. At least several dozen students came up to ask follow up questions, the lecture was recorded and posted for public viewing, and there is an annual request for this talk. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Lush Summit - Panel on Mica Production and Supply Chain 14 Jan 2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | The mineral mica is used in cosmetics, but also has a 'dirty' origin of child labour and slavery in the main export country - India. Panel discussion including business executives and supply chains specialists on how best to reduce exploitation in mica supply chain. Panel was filmed but has not yet been posted. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Modern Slavery, Environmental Destruction, and Creating Ethical Supply Chains |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Podcast discussion on how the pandemic has affected victims of forced labor, the surprising connection between slavery and ecological devastation, and what companies can do to address both of these issues. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfRtl4GHYT4 |
| Description | National television program (USA) entire broadcast devoted to grant activity |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | "Kevin Bales, author of Blood and Earth, discusses his experience as a researcher and abolitionist in the first of a three part series on modern slavery." |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365711807/ |
| Description | Nationally broadcast (USA) television program devoted to this grant. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Third in a 3-part series on this research, filmed on 1 Feb 2018, not yet broadcast. Will be available on website below after broadcast. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365948911/ |
| Description | Nationally broadcast television program. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Second episode in 3-part series on modern slavery:meaning and measurement. "Kevin Bales, Professor of Contemporary Slavery at the University of Nottingham, discusses the problem of slavery in the 21st century and his research effort to figure out the exact numbers of people in slavery." |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | http://video.wucftv.org/video/2365948911/ |
| Description | Outreach to Attorney General, State of Utah |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Meetings and discussions, ongoing, with the Attorney General of the State of Utah on how to achieve reliable prevalence measure of slavery crime in his state. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Panel with Princess Eugenie and Hon. Caroline Haughey on technology and modern slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | @100 International and national attenders for Tech Tackles Trafficking event in London - foundational meeting of new orgnasation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2018111564600/princess-eugenie-reveals-big-announcement-anti-s... |
| Description | Parliamentary Hearing on Work and Sex Trade Supply Chain |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Asked to be main 'witness' on Parliamentary Working Group Inquiry on modern slavery with special reference to enslavement into sexual exploitation. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Participation in Expert Working Group - Global Slavery Index |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Three day meeting of Expert Working Group supporting the Global Slavery Index. Led introduction of Multiple Systems Estimation to the Global Index, also worked on the merger of Index numbers with ILO prevalence numbers to achieve single global prevalence numbers based on agreed, shared, and transparent methodologies. Work was especially in preparation of the launch of the joint numbers at the UN General Assembly in Sept 2017. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Podcast for Rights Track |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The intended purpose was to discuss why the voices of modern slavery survivors are key to finding the solutions that will help end slavery. We discussed research projects that ensure survivors' voices are at the center, and survivor informed solutions. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | http://rightstrack.org/voices-of-slavery-listen-and-learn |
| Description | Premier of new general release film on human trafficking - panel discussion after showing with Producer. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | European premier of new (Hollywood made) film on human trafficking in Brussels, after discussion on stage with film producer. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation and consultation with staff at Facebook HQ Dublin |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | Facebook needs help with their content and outward facing policies concerning tech crime, human trafficking, and modern slavery - I met with 40-50 staff and several side meetings with executives to help guide their responses to these issues. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation at Conference on child vulnerability in the aftermath of natural disasters (with an emphasis on human trafficking) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Conference attended by a small number of senior academics and stakeholders - my presentation addressed the relationship between natural disasters and human trafficking, the policy implications, and how new statistical methods could be utilised, as well as what previous anti-slavery movements might tell us. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation at Falling Walls Conference Berlin |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | The German government each year hosts a conference with invited speakers to address key global issues that can be understand or approached by breaking down walls between disciplines. I was invited to speak about the trans-disciplinary approaches to modern slavery, and included the introduction to new measurement techniques. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | http://falling-walls.com/videos/Kevin-Bales-10661 |
| Description | Presentation on breakthroughs in anti-slavery research methods at Hull Freedom Summit 28 Oct 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Keynote at Hull Freedom Summit (part of Euro-City of Culture) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Presentation to EU Country representatives facilitated by QCEA in Brussels |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Presentation to EU Country representatives facilitated by QCEA in Brussels. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation to Nexus Partnerships (New York City) on breakthroughs in slavery research methodologies 29 Jan 2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Nexus Institute and Partners is a large group of professionals supporting and directing anti-slavery efforts (and other human rights efforts) primarily in New York. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation to Scottish Parliament - Event on Modern Slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | Presentation and discussions with Scottish Parliament - featured speaker at Parliamentary inquiry event |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Presentation/talk GILDER LEHRMAN CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF SLAVERY, RESISTANCE & ABOLITION 20th ANNUAL CONFERENCE |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Talk on "what works" to the GILDER LEHRMAN CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF SLAVERY, RESISTANCE & ABOLITION20th ANNUAL CONFERENCE. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://glc.yale.edu/events/conferences/past-glc-conferences/2018-annual-conference |
| Description | Public talks, group discussions, meetings with leadership, classroom visits - Vassar College, New York 30 Jan. 2018 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Large public talk, plus meetings with President of College, classes and close work with local anti-slavery group at Vassar College. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Radio Interview |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | An hour long interview programme, 'Voices and Views' - I was the only guest, so an in depth exploration of my work - on KCMJ radio in Colorado. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Radio Interview Denver Colorado USA |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Interview on topical human rights program discussing slavery and trafficking |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Series of talks at Upsalla University Sweden |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Upsalla University is the premier university in the world for conflict education, policy support, and activism. Talk focussed on both how to use social research methods to further such work, my own research findings on the nexus of slavery and armed conflict, and what lessons might be learned for current action against slavery from the usable past. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Series of talks at Wageningen University (Netherlands) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | Wageningen University is the premier university in the world for environmental education, policy support, and activism. Talk focussed on both how to use social research methods to further such work, my own research findings on the nexus of slavery and ecocide, and what lessons might be learned for current action against slavery from the usable past. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Series of talks/seminar with business leaders, Norway |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
| Results and Impact | The event, Speaking For Freedom, Bales was the main speaker. The main topic was slavery in the supply chains and ethical trade/production.Speaking in two sessions for approximately 20-25 minutes each on supply chains and the use of new technology to discover victims and prevent exploitation. Second event: was a lunch seminar for politicians and business leaders in Bergen. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Slavery and Environmental Destruction |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Talk to National Science Foundation National Research Traineeship (NRT) Program (Nebraska, US) |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://nrt.unl.edu/slavery-harms-environment-well-humans-professor-tells-nrt |
| Description | Speaking at Beyond Borders Int'l Festival Scotland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | The purpose of the festival is to promote Scotland in the world and the world in Scotland. It's a place for people who have like-minded ideas to come together and discuss them in a tranquil and neutral environment. It is an annual large-scale show case of current events and culture. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | https://www.reviewsphere.org/news/the-world-in-a-weekend-beyond-borders-international-festival/ |
| Description | Survivor Knowledge: Learning from Lived Experience |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Roundtable hosted by Yale University's Gilder Lehrman Center on survivors' lived experience and research, featuring Zoe Trodd |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | TEDxBerkeley Talk |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | The activity was intended to educate the general public in the City of Berkeley, CA, including the community within the University of California, Berkeley. The focus of the talk was on understanding the issue of the psychological impact on survivors of slavery as well as every members' complicit role in the dehumanization of some survivors of slavery. In addition to 2500 people in the audience, the TEDxBerkeley talk has reached 1600 views. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| URL | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=god2U0yhhkk |
| Description | Talk to Annual Yearly Meeting of Belgian and Netherlands Quakers |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Quakers are strong supporters and practitioners in anti-slavery work - talk led them to new findings and practices. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Talk to the Quakers of Yorkshire (and others) 21 Oct 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Supporters |
| Results and Impact | Led to an article in The Friend (internationally read Quaker magazine), also a large number of A-level students in attendance. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | The Freedom Blueprint |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Undergraduate students |
| Results and Impact | Public talk for the University of Hertfordshire's Connect Series |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| URL | http://www.herts.ac.uk/connect/events/2016/the-freedom-blueprint-how-we-end-contemporary-slavery |
| Description | The impact of forced labour on CO2 emissions |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press) |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Video answering key questions around what needs to be done to effect change in the area of modern slavery and environmental destruction. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| URL | https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/news/modern-slavery-environmental-degradation-climate-change |
| Description | Transdisciplinary Research for Ending Slavery |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Study participants or study members |
| Results and Impact | Yale University, Gilder Lehrman Center, workshop with the Modern Slavery Working Group |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Yale lecture |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
| Results and Impact | Yale University Gilder Lehrman Center Annual International conference: talk on "Survivor Voices." |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |