Do neighbourhoods matter? Country- cluster- and individual effects on attitudes towards intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Bristol
Department Name: Sch for Policy Studies
Abstract
The study will address significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of women's and men's attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women (IPV) at the neighbourhood-level in 54 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Central-, East- and South Asia, the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and North- and Sub-Saharan Africa. The study builds on the lead investigator's recent research [ES/L009811/1] and will inform evidence-based prevention in 3 original areas:
1) Geographical patterning and spatial analyses of neighbourhood attitudes amongst women and men in LMICs
2) Identifying the social, economic and political influences on IPV attitudes across neighbourhoods, regions and countries.
3) Impact of legislation and mediating effects of socio-economic and political factors like on IPV attitudes.
Attitudes justifying IPV is the strongest predictor of IPV perpetration/victimisation. There is growing recognition of country-level social, political and economic influences on societal acceptability of IPV. Our recent multi-country study on IPV attitudes at country- and individual-levels, other emergent research and evidence from community-based organisations highlight the urgent need for research into the impact of local contexts, that is, neighbourhoods, on the acceptance of IPV. The impact of neighbourhood features such as poverty, access to education and educational attainment, paid employment, women's political participation, and rural/urban residence on IPV justification has been understudied. This would be the first study in LMICs across geographical regions to examine neighbourhood risk factors of IPV acceptance amongst women and men within and across national and cross-national environments. It would provide much-needed data for strategic development of local, national and international prevention programming.
The influence of IPV legislation on attitudes is complex and little understood. Whilst over 140 countries currently have explicit laws on IPV, prevalence of IPV and its acceptance remains widespread. We will tease out how key socio-economic and political factors like education, media access, and political conflict may mediate the impact of legislation on IPV acceptability.
The study will use nationally-representative, internationally comparable household surveys with individual-, neighbourhood, regional- and country-level data on both women's and men's IPV attitudes; and a meta-database constructed by the project's lead investigator using high quality topic-specific and UN databases on countries' social and economic development. This will be the first study using spatial and mapping techniques in LMICs to highlight neighbourhood patterns in women's and men's attitudes to IPV and the 'hotspots' of high IPV acceptance. Cutting-edge multilevel statistical analyses will help identify the contribution of individual, neighbourhood, regional and national socio-economic and political factors to IPV acceptance levels.
The research team is uniquely placed to carry out the project with expertise in IPV attitudinal and primary prevention research, intimate knowledge of and extensive experience in using the Demographic and Health Surveys and relevant country-level datasets, and expertise in the proposed analytical techniques. Building on a robust and unique meta-database of quality-checked and harmonised country-level indicators constructed by the lead investigator the proposed project will contribute considerable added value without incurring excessive costs. The project's multidisciplinary Advisory Group of internationally renowned experts in IPV research informed the development of this project and will continue to input on study design, analyses and interpretation of findings. They will facilitate dissemination and impact activities through their organisations, country and regional offices, collaborating community-based organisations, and their leverage with national governments.
1) Geographical patterning and spatial analyses of neighbourhood attitudes amongst women and men in LMICs
2) Identifying the social, economic and political influences on IPV attitudes across neighbourhoods, regions and countries.
3) Impact of legislation and mediating effects of socio-economic and political factors like on IPV attitudes.
Attitudes justifying IPV is the strongest predictor of IPV perpetration/victimisation. There is growing recognition of country-level social, political and economic influences on societal acceptability of IPV. Our recent multi-country study on IPV attitudes at country- and individual-levels, other emergent research and evidence from community-based organisations highlight the urgent need for research into the impact of local contexts, that is, neighbourhoods, on the acceptance of IPV. The impact of neighbourhood features such as poverty, access to education and educational attainment, paid employment, women's political participation, and rural/urban residence on IPV justification has been understudied. This would be the first study in LMICs across geographical regions to examine neighbourhood risk factors of IPV acceptance amongst women and men within and across national and cross-national environments. It would provide much-needed data for strategic development of local, national and international prevention programming.
The influence of IPV legislation on attitudes is complex and little understood. Whilst over 140 countries currently have explicit laws on IPV, prevalence of IPV and its acceptance remains widespread. We will tease out how key socio-economic and political factors like education, media access, and political conflict may mediate the impact of legislation on IPV acceptability.
The study will use nationally-representative, internationally comparable household surveys with individual-, neighbourhood, regional- and country-level data on both women's and men's IPV attitudes; and a meta-database constructed by the project's lead investigator using high quality topic-specific and UN databases on countries' social and economic development. This will be the first study using spatial and mapping techniques in LMICs to highlight neighbourhood patterns in women's and men's attitudes to IPV and the 'hotspots' of high IPV acceptance. Cutting-edge multilevel statistical analyses will help identify the contribution of individual, neighbourhood, regional and national socio-economic and political factors to IPV acceptance levels.
The research team is uniquely placed to carry out the project with expertise in IPV attitudinal and primary prevention research, intimate knowledge of and extensive experience in using the Demographic and Health Surveys and relevant country-level datasets, and expertise in the proposed analytical techniques. Building on a robust and unique meta-database of quality-checked and harmonised country-level indicators constructed by the lead investigator the proposed project will contribute considerable added value without incurring excessive costs. The project's multidisciplinary Advisory Group of internationally renowned experts in IPV research informed the development of this project and will continue to input on study design, analyses and interpretation of findings. They will facilitate dissemination and impact activities through their organisations, country and regional offices, collaborating community-based organisations, and their leverage with national governments.
Planned Impact
The UN Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, for the first time, includes a specific target on addressing violence against women and girls (SDG 5.2). The recent 2017 SDG Progress Report notes "achieving gender equality will require more vigorous efforts, including legal frameworks, to counter deeply rooted gender-based discrimination that often results from patriarchal attitudes and related social norms." This project will identify the patterns and risk factors for attitudes justifying IPV across neighbourhoods, regions and countries informing multi-sectoral and multi-level approaches to IPV prevention locally, nationally and globally.
The beneficiaries of this project include international organisations (IOs) (e.g. WHO, UNWomen, ICRW, OECD, Unicef), national governments and community-based NGOs (e.g. Cehat, Mifumi, Samata). It will ultimately contribute to improving the realities of women, families, communities and societies affected by IPV especially in the Global South.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS: This project is timely given the SDGs' call to understand the interconnected economic, political and social aspects of gender inequality; and urgent need of high-quality, internationally comparable data on IPV and evidence-based prevention to aid global monitoring. The project's robust data on IPV acceptance will make an important contribution to current global development debates on women's socio-economic and political empowerment that are often proposed as core elements in international IPV prevention strategies and the role of global and local gender norms. This study will examine if empowerment alone is sufficient, albeit necessary, in influencing women's and men's IPV acceptance or whether prevention programmes also need to specifically target neighbourhoods' discriminatory gender norms across national and international contexts. This study could make a case for the sustainable development discourse to focus on transformation of structural factors underpinning the widespread persistence of IPV acceptance and wider gender inequalities.
NATIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: The potential of international processes and declarations in reducing violence against women and achieving greater equality is often hampered by national governments' lack of clarity of policies needed to do so, and limited resources. Identifying neighbourhoods that are 'hot spots' for high IPV acceptance, their associated geographic, socio-economic and political characteristics, and the impact of more formal discriminatory social institutions, e.g. quality of IPV legislation on IPV acceptance will be critical evidence in the formulation of local and national policy, and the strategic targeting of resources into effective prevention programming. The gender disaggregated data on women's and men's IPV acceptance will help development of gender-specific prevention policies.
GRASSROOTS ORGANISATIONS: Immediate communities, and community-based organisations are vital platforms that either challenge or re-inforce discriminatory gender norms including IPV acceptance. This project will provide robust evidence to strengthen and catalyse women's organisations and grassroots NGOS to advance national and international prevention frameworks that challenge the acceptance of IPV within local communities. The data will serve as a powerful advocacy tool for local communities to call for international development agencies, donors, and national governments to view social norms condoning IPV as integral to women's empowerment and as a development priority, thus providing an impetus to invest in prevention programmes targeting societal acceptability of IPV.
The planned impact and dissemination activities with local, national and multilateral agencies will enable evidence generated by this project to reach their collaborating regional, local women's groups and community organisations, and to be translated into local and (inter)national policy and practice (See Pathways to Impact).
The beneficiaries of this project include international organisations (IOs) (e.g. WHO, UNWomen, ICRW, OECD, Unicef), national governments and community-based NGOs (e.g. Cehat, Mifumi, Samata). It will ultimately contribute to improving the realities of women, families, communities and societies affected by IPV especially in the Global South.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS: This project is timely given the SDGs' call to understand the interconnected economic, political and social aspects of gender inequality; and urgent need of high-quality, internationally comparable data on IPV and evidence-based prevention to aid global monitoring. The project's robust data on IPV acceptance will make an important contribution to current global development debates on women's socio-economic and political empowerment that are often proposed as core elements in international IPV prevention strategies and the role of global and local gender norms. This study will examine if empowerment alone is sufficient, albeit necessary, in influencing women's and men's IPV acceptance or whether prevention programmes also need to specifically target neighbourhoods' discriminatory gender norms across national and international contexts. This study could make a case for the sustainable development discourse to focus on transformation of structural factors underpinning the widespread persistence of IPV acceptance and wider gender inequalities.
NATIONAL/LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: The potential of international processes and declarations in reducing violence against women and achieving greater equality is often hampered by national governments' lack of clarity of policies needed to do so, and limited resources. Identifying neighbourhoods that are 'hot spots' for high IPV acceptance, their associated geographic, socio-economic and political characteristics, and the impact of more formal discriminatory social institutions, e.g. quality of IPV legislation on IPV acceptance will be critical evidence in the formulation of local and national policy, and the strategic targeting of resources into effective prevention programming. The gender disaggregated data on women's and men's IPV acceptance will help development of gender-specific prevention policies.
GRASSROOTS ORGANISATIONS: Immediate communities, and community-based organisations are vital platforms that either challenge or re-inforce discriminatory gender norms including IPV acceptance. This project will provide robust evidence to strengthen and catalyse women's organisations and grassroots NGOS to advance national and international prevention frameworks that challenge the acceptance of IPV within local communities. The data will serve as a powerful advocacy tool for local communities to call for international development agencies, donors, and national governments to view social norms condoning IPV as integral to women's empowerment and as a development priority, thus providing an impetus to invest in prevention programmes targeting societal acceptability of IPV.
The planned impact and dissemination activities with local, national and multilateral agencies will enable evidence generated by this project to reach their collaborating regional, local women's groups and community organisations, and to be translated into local and (inter)national policy and practice (See Pathways to Impact).
Organisations
| Description | The findings from the analyses of country-, neighbourhood- and individual-level factors associated with women's and men's justification of intimate partner violence show that, after taking into account individual and country-level variables, neighbourhood socio-economic and demographic factors including proportion of women with secondary or higher education, neighbourhood poverty levels, and early marriage practices are some of the cluster-level factors that are associated with women's and men's acceptance of IPV. This study on IPV attitudes at country- neighbourhood- and individual-levels highlights the urgent need for research and investment into the impact of local contexts, that is, neighbourhoods, on the acceptance of IPV. The preliminary results from the geo-spatial analyses show that there is a large degree of variability in the prevalence of IPV justification within countries and that its relationship with several social, economic and political factors is not the same across clusters. The strength of the effect of secondary education on IPV varies by location of the clusters. Likewise, the proportion of early marriage and poverty decrease the cluster-level rate of IPV justification the size of the effect varies depending on the location of the clusters. If a cluster is surrounded by clusters with better education, lower levels of early marriage and poverty, we are more likely to see low prevalence rates of IPV justification. These findings highlight the need for investment in and development of locally-targeted prevention programming. |
| Exploitation Route | This is the first study in LMICs across geographical regions to examine neighbourhood risk factors of IPV acceptance amongst women and men within and across national and cross-national environments. it is also the first-ever study in low- and middle-income countries and globally to use cluster/neighbourhood-level spatial analyses to help identify high and low risk areas in relation to the acceptance levels of IPV and the associated neighbourhood-level risk factors. It contributes to building a more consistent and robust evidence base on neighbourhood variations and factors associated with women's and men's attitudes justifying IPV providing much-needed data for more nuanced and locally focussed prevention programmes and policies,and investments tailored to effectively target the acceptance of IPV while also providing information of the risk factors at the different ecological levels. Additionally, this study will fill a considerable knowledge gap and contribute to the methodological discussions and advancements in geo-spatial techniques in identifying a patterning of attitudes justifying IPV and the area of IPV prevention and response more broadly. |
| Sectors | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Government, Democracy and Justice,Other |
| Description | 1) The findings related to the impact of the role of neighbourhood-level factors on the acceptance and normalization of intimate partner violence, one of the key drivers of the perpetration of IPV, led to discussions with 2 third sector organisations in India (one within a hospital-based setting) to include the challenging of discriminatory gender norms and victim-blaming, with a focus on partner/spousal violence within their training programmes within the communities they work with and with healthcare professionals. 2) This is the first study to apply geospatial techniques to the field of violence against women prevention and response, and through the expert advisory group, presentations and workshops, the use of these techniques are now being picked up by other research and academic teams and is contributing to the advancement of the field of violence against women methods and data |
| First Year Of Impact | 2022 |
| Sector | Communities and Social Services/Policy,Education,Healthcare |
| Impact Types | Policy & public services |
| Description | A two -week research visit to the European Union Fundamental Rights Agency |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | I was invited for a 2 week research visit by the Head of Sector Statistics at the EU Fundamental rights agency to share and exchange information and expertise around surveys on domestic violence in low- and middle-income countries (DHS) and surveys on violence against women in Europe (FRA EU-wide survey on violence against women). While there we discussed the potential for collaborative work between FRA and the School of Policy Studiies, University of Bristol where I am based. While at FRA I also established links and had meetings with the Organisation of Security and Conflict in Europe (OSCE) and the UNODC |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Advisory and stakeholder Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This was a meeting of the interdisciplinary advisory board set up to provide feedback on study design, choice of data sources, advice on statistical plan of analysis and preliminary and main findings, planned outputs, and dissemination. There were 13 attendees including internationally recognised including Dr Claudia-Garcia Moreno (WHO), Dr Sunitha Kishor (DHS Program) and Dr Lori Heise (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine). There were detailed discussion around: Finalising the scope of the project and suggested changes in Phase 2 of project; Selection of mirco and metadatasets, and the challenges in comparison of data across international contexts, and addressing this. The output and dissemination strategy including potential academic journals to target, a Special Edition with advisory board members also contributing, setting up the project website Identifying and targeting relevant conferences The international visits to the OECD, DHS, WHO and UN Women were confirmed I was invited to be a member of the Working group on Secondary Data at the Gender Violence and Health Centre by Lori Heise I was also invited to participate in the development of the Sustainable Development Goals specifically around attitudes towards violence against women and prevention strategies |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2015 |
| Description | Capacity Strengthening Workshop |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | Regional |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | The workshops with students studying for their postgraduate degree aimed to introduce them to the Demographic and Health Survey measures of domestic violence and attitudes towards domestic violence, introduce them to analytic techniques of large-scale population-based surveys and importantly introduced them to the use and application of geospatial data and analyses in general, and also specifically in relation to violence against women prevalence and drivers. A follow-up workshop on Women in STEM will be held at UNAM Mexico to introduce the use of large-scale survey data and spatial analyses and techniques in advancing the field of violence against women/gender-based violence prevention |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023 |
| Description | European Conference on Domestic Violence, Porto, 2017 |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A biennial European conference with a focus on domestic violence. 350-400 from academia, policy and practice attended. The presentation on the research methods and findings received great interest and with questions and discussions during an after the presentation. There were invitations to discuss collaborative research bringing together the PI's research focus and expertise in low- and middle-income countries, and the collaborators whose research focused on high-income settings. These discussions are on-going and it is hoped that this will lead to a collaborative grant application. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | European Network on Gender Violence Conference |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I presented a paper at this international conference based on my ESRC Future Research Leaders project focusing on attitudes justifying domestic violence in low- and middle-income countries. The presentation generated a lot of interest and discussion around the measurement of attitudes, the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the potential and timeliness of the project were complimented. The Head of Sector Statistics from the EU Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) who was attended the presentation invited me for a research visit to FRA to share about my project and also discuss future collaboration using the FRA EU-wide survey on violence against women. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014,2016 |
| Description | Expert Group Meeting |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This was a meeting of the interdisciplinary advisory board set up to provide feedback on study design, choice of data sources, advice on statistical plan of analysis and preliminary and main findings, planned outputs, and dissemination. There were 13 attendees who are international experts in the field of violence against women and Bayesian modelling specialists. This was envisaged as an in-person meeting but because of COVID-19 had to take place virtually. The focus of the meeting was on the selection of mirco and metadatasets, and the challenges in comparison of data across international contexts, and addressing this, the proposed methodology and discussion on the preliminary results relating to individual-level and the three-level model of risk and protective factors associated with attitudes to intimate partner violence. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | International Conference: Sexual Violence Research Initiative |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | This was the 5th international conference, the SVRI Forum 2017. Through this event, the SVRI brought together over 500 researchers, gender activists, funders, policy makers, service providers, practitioners and survivors from around the globe who are working to understand, prevent and respond to sexual and intimate partner violence. With the recent launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - the 17 goals which the 193 UN member states have committed to achieving over the next 15 years - SVRI Forum 2017 was a timely space to discuss and share the interim findings of this research project within the strategies for achieving SDG targets aimed at ending all forms of violence against women and girls. This project elicited great interest among international organisations (UN Women, WHO, Unicef, UNDP and ICRW) as well as academics from Johns Hopkins, LSHTM, Emory, and George Washington University. Participating in the SVRI has resulted in strengthening existing and building new networks and collaborations, and the PI is now collaborating with some of these new networks in putting together 2 joint research projects taking forward her ESRC Future Research Leaders work. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | International Family Violence Prevention Initiative |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | A paper on the country-level predictors of attitudes justifying domestic violence was made at this international conference hosted in at the University of Jyväskylä with an audience of academics, researchers and policy-makers. The paper presentation was well received and networks were established with other quantitative researchers working on large population-based datasets in Europe and was an excellent knowledge exchange opportunity that is now ongoing. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Pre-Conference Workshop and Conference Presentation |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
| Results and Impact | A pre-conference workshop on the 'Measurement of violence against women and girls: key guidance, advances and challenges' that I co-led raised great interest in the research, data, methods and findings of this project (in addition to the other VAW measurement issues covered) and several participants expressed their interest in collaborating and/or being engaged with taking this work forward, and received invitations to speak about this research project at their organisations |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
| Description | Research Organisation visit (CEHAT, India) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Visited and presented my ESRC FRL project to a research organisation in India, CEHAT (Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes) and UNFPA. There were lively discussions after the presentations and several key suggestions on involving international grassroots stakeholders in the research project especially during Phase 2 that has in-depth qualitative research in case study countries and on how to engage these audiences in dissemination of findings, and guiding the development of domestic violence prevention interventions. The organisations have also agreed for the project to be linked to their websites thus ensuring wider dissemination. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2014,2015 |
| Description | Research visit and invited speaker to UN Women, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, UN Trust Fund, New York, and the World Bank, Washington D.C. |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | Several presentations were made and meetings held with the teams at UN Women, UN Trust Fund, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA and the World bank as part of the research visit to the UN, New York and to Washington D.C. There was strong interest in the research and it was suggested that this project's findings could inform the UN Spotlight Initiative and these discussions are underway. These organisations are also collaborators on a recently submitted ESRC grant proposal that builds on this project to look at neighbourhood-level attitudes towards DV across 54 countries in relation to the prevalence, spatial distribution and associated risk and protective factors with the aim of developing more local strategies and programmes to target the acceptance of DV and to identify the 'hotspots' where DV prevention efforts would need to be prioritised. Consultations are also ongoing with the World Bank Gender team on potential collaboration in taking forward the research agenda on DV acceptance and prevention in conflict-impacted societies. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| Description | Research visit to University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This visit by the PI was made as a result of an invite by the Dean of the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health whlist the PI was at an Expert Advisory Board meeting at the OECD in the Autumn of 2016. The invitation was to discuss possible research collaboration with the WOLRD Policy Analysis Centre around gender equality and measured to prevent violence against women. The visit was an opportunity to learn more about the WORLD centre, their current work and the potential for extending their work in the area of gender equality and empowerment of women and girls. The Dean of UCLA and Director of the WORLD centre were keen on drawing on the PI's expertise on gender norms especially in relation to domestic violence, and the role of domestic violence and other gender-related legislation. This visit resulted in several joint meetings and plans to take this collaborative work forward. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Research visit to the Demographic and Health Survey Program, Maryland, US |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | This research visit to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program was arranged as the project largely used DHS data and this was an opportunity to discuss with DHS experts the methods and analytical techniques being used, as well as to present on the project's interim findings. This research visit provided an ideal platform for knowledge exchange and dissemination of the research methods and findings.Dr Kishor, the Director of the DHS arranged for a meeting of the PI with Dr Mary Ellsberg, Founder of the Global Women's Institute, George Washington University where the PI was further able to discuss the research. Potential future research collaboration between the PI (University of Bristol) and Dr Ellsberg (GWI/GWU) was discussed to take forward this project's work. The PI has put together an ESRC Standard Grant application building on the Future Research Leaders work and GWU/GWI is one of the proposed project's collaborators. Similar discussions were had with Dr Kishor and the GIS team at the DHS, who inputted into the development of the follow-up research. They will also act as Technical Advisors on the proposed project's Advisory Board. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
| Description | Research visit to the World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | The research data and findings were presented to the WHO, and they expressed keen interest in using the data to inform the UN Sustainable Goals Agenda 2030 (SDG) as a tool for effective monitoring and evaluation of the SDG5 (Gender Equality and Empowerment of all women and girls) and SDG 5.2 (Elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls). Discussions and consultations on taking this forward are currently ongoing and the PI has been invited as Technical Expert on Violence against Women Data and Research, WHO |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
| URL | http://www.bris.ac.uk/sps/news/2018/sardinha-who.html |
| Description | Seminar presentation of the research to Masters level and PhD students at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
| Results and Impact | A two hour interactive lecture and seminar focusing on the data, methods and results of this research linking it with the previous ESRC FRL research project was given to Masters and PhD research students in Global Development. There was very keen interest and very animated discussions on this research, with several students following up after the Seminar for further details and information |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
| Description | Six week research visit to the OECD Development Centre's Social Institutions and Gender Index team |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
| Results and Impact | The Social Institutions and Gender Index developed by the OECD Development Centre in 2009 and updated every two years was one of the main sources of data for my fellowship. While on my visit I conducted some analyses on the SIGI 2014 and advised on the development of SIGI 2018. I was invited to join the Expert Group on the updating of SIGI 2018 especially in relation to the sub-indices of violence against women and attitudes to domestic violence. I also contributed the Expert panel on this research visit to the OECD. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | UK Domestic Violence and Health Research Forum |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | I have set up, organise and coordinate the UK Domestic Violence and Health Research Forum that brings together experts in the area of domestic violence and health in the UK. This forum meets biannually with the aim of presenting and sharing research in the field of domestic violence and health. Invited papers and presentations include research in progress, completed research studies and the future direction and challenges arising within these studies, prospective areas of research as well as news and events. This forum is also a platform for networking and establishing new collaborations. During the period of the grant I have further built on this forum and am setting up a forum that focuses in international research on global development, gender equality and prevention of domestic violence. The first forum will be held in the autumn of 2016. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2012,2013,2014,2015,2016 |
| Description | Visit and meeting with the UNODC, Vienna |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | I had a meeting with the Chief of the Crime Research Section and team at the UNODC, Vienna. This visit was mainly to discuss the potential for future collaboration building on my current ESRC Future Research Leaders project and to develop links between the UNODC and the Centre for Poverty and Social Justice and the Centre of Gender Violence Research - the two departmental Centres I work across at the University of Bristol |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Visit and meetings at the OSCE (Organisation for Security and Conflict in Europe) |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | International |
| Primary Audience | Third sector organisations |
| Results and Impact | I was invited to the OSCE to talk about my ESRC Future Research Leaders project, share my knowledge about questionnaire development in violence against women surveys and data sources on violence against women in conflict zones. As a result of this meeting I was invited to be part of the expert panel advising on the survey being developed by the OSCE looking at violence against women in the Balkan States and advising on focus groups as a method of questionnaire development. |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2016 |
| Description | Visit to INED (Institut Demographique), Paris |
| Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution |
| Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
| Geographic Reach | National |
| Primary Audience | Other audiences |
| Results and Impact | While at the Fundamental Rights Agency in Vienna, I established links with the Gender team at INED that have been working on a national survey on violence against women in France. This visit with the team was to mainly explore the potential of developing joint research proposals building on my ESRC Future Research Leaders project that currently focuses on low- and middle-income countries |
| Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |