Methodological Learning and Lessons from Young Lives

Lead Research Organisation: University of Oxford
Department Name: International Development

Abstract

The objective of the proposed work is to help build a community of practice around policy-focused longitudinal observational research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim is to strengthen capacity and effectiveness in the conduct of such research among GCRF delivery partners, and other researchers running large-scale international development studies in LMICs through an innovative programme of methodological and operational reflection and learning amplified through an integrated communications strategy. The programme will draw primarily on the experience and expertise of staff and former staff of the Young Lives study but will also benefit from the knowledge of Young Lives collaborators, advisory committee members and other researchers and research managers. The work will focus on two critical areas: research design and research governance and impact. Two further themes are proposed for a second year: data management and ethics. It will explore the opportunities, challenges and lessons learned from Young Lives research over more than 15 years, highlighting the justification for key decisions, as well as the mistakes made and solutions devised along the way. It will complement existing Young Lives methodological outputs and be driven by questions, themes and topics that are critical for effective delivery of international development research in LMICs. (See Case for Support)

Planned Impact

This research proposal presents a timely opportunity to ensure lessons from our research-to-action model further shape longitudinal research programmes in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and policy programmes to help deliver these goals.

Through this proposal, in the short term we will build the capacity and understanding of specialist audiences (GCRF delivery partners, principle investigators/researchers involved in longitudinal studies and other large research programmes focussed on international development in LMICs, research and programme managers, UK Research Innovation and international funders). In the medium term, this will facilitate robust, impactful, longitudinal research targeting LMICs and better understanding among policy stakeholders of the role of longitudinal data. In the long term this will contribute to Young Lives' goal of securing policies and programmes that support poor children and young people based on rigorous evidence about children's experiences, development and outcomes.

Through the proposed activities we will seek to achieve change in three ways; capacity development (building capacity among key stakeholders to use evidence in planning and implementing policies, programmes and advocacy campaigns and building capacity among researchers in mixed-methods longitudinal research, and research ethics), conceptual (shaping policy debates and discourse, increasing awareness of issues affecting and options for children) and instrumental (using evidence to influence law reform and the design of policies, programmes and advocacy campaigns).

We will contribute to an active community of practitioners engaged in longitudinal research with greater ability to reflect critically on how to deliver international development research in LMIC's. We will strengthen the capacity among researchers, including GCRF delivery partners running large scale international development studies in LMIC's, to deliver and policymakers to use child focussed longitudinal research and evaluations.
We will use Young Lives' track record of engaging with stakeholders through partnerships and networks to build links with other projects, search for upcoming opportunities and amplify impact. Young Lives has fostered long-term relationships with a range of key stakeholders, including the World Bank, ADB, DFID, UNESCO, UNICEF and OECD, national ministries and their local counterparts, plus IGOs (e.g. UNICEF) and INGOs (e.g. Save the Children, Oxfam, Plan International).

To maximise impact we will convene an Advisory Board to ensure that the outputs of the project meet demand from our targeted audience to ensure maximum impact, relevance and impact of findings.

(See Case for Support and Pathways to Impact)
 
Description 'Methodological Learning and Lessons from Young Lives' aimed to share learning, strengthen capacity, and improve effectiveness in the conduct of large-scale longitudinal research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Emphasis was on outputs of a reflexive nature based on practical experiences of long-term Young Lives staff in differing roles within the study, and from researcher in Young Lives extended networks. The project generated a variety of outputs, including insight briefs, reports, podcasts, blogs, infographics and videos, as well as seminars and conferences - moving to online formats due to the pandemic.

The project focused on four critical areas:

Research leadership and impact: Key reflections underscored the importance of getting the right balance between quantitative and qualitative research; aligning academic excellence and policy impact incentives; understanding country context and local leadership; building long-term relationships of trust and collaboration; dealing with uncertainty and risk; and navigating changing politics and seizing new opportunities for policy impact.

Research design and methodology: Key reflections addressed the merits, challenges and lessons learned arising from three core features of Young Lives research model: the longitudinal design; the multi-disciplinary, mixed-methods research framework; and cross-national comparisons. Longitudinal evidence is vital for advancing scientific understanding and knowledge and for developing more effective policies and interventions, especially in resource-poor settings; yet longitudinal research is complex, costly, and requires considerable commitment from study participants, researchers and donors.

Data management and governance: Key reflections highlighted two priorities: maintaining data quality and research rigor, and maximising data use by researchers and policy stakeholders globally, at the same time, protecting participants' anonymity and confidentiality.

Research ethics: Key ethics learning in longitudinal research related to: informed consent; safeguarding; research relationships and reciprocity; sensitive questions; maintaining anonymity; using photos and visual images; and institutional research boards (IRBs). Longitudinal research can magnify ethical concerns and new questions arise, making it crucial to develop ethics approaches collaboratively with research partners.

Finally, the project identified six recommendations for researchers to consider when designing and building a longitudinal study in LMICs. 1) Sustain the commitment of donors; 2) Prioritise the integrity of your data; 3) Build strong locally-based relationships; 4) Consider local contexts in your ethics procedures; 5) Be ready to adapt your instruments and measures; and 6) Embed the idea of impact into your research design.
Exploitation Route The outcomes will primarily be of interest to academic and development research audiences. Project outputs have so far targeted PIs of GCRF projects, PIs of large-scale longitudinal studies in LMICs and those planning to seek funding for similar research in LMICs.
Sectors Education

URL https://www.younglives.org.uk/research-project/methodological-lessons-and-learning
 
Description We have used findings from our Methodological Lessons and Learning in Longitudinal Research project to engage researchers and policy influencers in discussions and debates on the merits and challenges of longitudinal studies in LMICs. We contributed to growing and strengthening the community of practice working in this area in the UK and internationally.
First Year Of Impact 2021
Sector Education
 
Description Co-organised online event: Learning from Longitudinal Studies in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: before, during and after COVID-19 
Organisation Cohort & Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Learned Society 
PI Contribution Young Lives co-organised and hosted the multi-day online event, led on logistics, publicity and communications, and provided session chairs and presenters.
Collaborator Contribution Partners collaborated on event planning, speaker invitations and communications, and each offered a session chair and presentation in a panel.
Impact Continued collaboration to support each others' activities (e.g. speaking at conference, etc.).
Start Year 2021
 
Description Co-organised online event: Learning from Longitudinal Studies in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: before, during and after COVID-19 
Organisation Lancaster University
Department Lancaster University Management School
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Young Lives co-organised and hosted the multi-day online event, led on logistics, publicity and communications, and provided session chairs and presenters.
Collaborator Contribution Partners collaborated on event planning, speaker invitations and communications, and each offered a session chair and presentation in a panel.
Impact Continued collaboration to support each others' activities (e.g. speaking at conference, etc.).
Start Year 2021
 
Description Learning from Longitudinal Studies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: before, during and after COVID-19 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact A multi-day online seminar organised by Young Lives (University of Oxford), UCL CLOSER and Lancaster University Management School, engaging around 100 individuals representing research, policy and practice interested in the value of longitudinal studies to understanding and addressing the impacts of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. Session themes included: COVID-19 and longitudinal research: opportunities and challenges; Innovation in longitudinal research; Doing and adapting longitudinal research: what have we learned?; and SPECIAL SESSION: Longitudinal evidence on skills inequality in Peru (organised by GRADE).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Participation by Dr Renu Singh, Young Lives India Country Director, in the webinar, 'Development research during and after Covid. A view from the South', as part of the Research for Development (R4D) seminar series co-hosted by SOAS and University of Oxford, on June 8th 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Facilitated participation of Dr Renu Singh, Young Lives India Country Director, in the webinar, 'Development research during and after Covid. A view from the South', as part of the Research for Development (R4D) seminar series co-hosted by SOAS and University of Oxford; spoke on India's response to Covid-19 and impacts on development research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Talk by Gina Crivello on 'Young Lives - Ethical Implications of Conducting Research in a Time of COVID-19', in Building Evidence in Education (BE2 ) Meeting Strengthening Research Capacity and Partnerships for Mutual Learning: Implications of COVID-19 for Educational Research, hosted by UNESCO on 6th October 2020 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Talk by Gina Crivello on 'Young Lives - Ethical Implications of Conducting Research in a Time of COVID-19', in Building Evidence in Education (BE2 ) Meeting Strengthening Research Capacity and Partnerships for Mutual Learning: Implications of COVID-19 for Educational Research, hosted by UNESCO. Audiences working in the field of education, internationally.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Talk by Jo Boyden in webinar 'Trying to be Better Partners - A Practical Perspective on Navigating the Tensions of Development Research' as part of the Research for Development (R4D) seminar series co-hosted by SOAS and University of Oxford on 17th September 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Third sector organisations
Results and Impact Jo Boyden, project collaborator, participated in a webinar on 'Trying to be Better Partners - A Practical Perspective on Navigating the Tensions of Development Research' as part of the Research for Development (R4D) seminar series co-hosted by SOAS and University of Oxford, reflecting on 15 years experience of managing complex research partnerships across diverse geographical contexts, contributing to wider discussion on power relations in partnerships.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Young Lives and the GCRF QR team at the University of Oxford seminar series 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact 1) Young Lives Workshop: Governance and impact of research in low- and middle-income countries; perspectives of Young Lives Country Director; 6th February 2020; Drawing on their considerable experience in research, governance and policy-engagement, three of Young Lives' country directors, from Ethiopia, India and Peru share their perspectives as long-term partners of an Oxford-led study, highlighting in particular the challenges they have confronted and strategies they have employed in ensuring research impact in their respective countries. Speakers: Professor Santiago Cueto, Dr Alula Pankhurst, Dr Renu Singh, chaired by Jo Boyden.
2) 'What it takes to administer 15 years of longitudinal mixed-methods research with children: Insights from Peru'; 6th February 2020; The two Principal Investigators from Peru discussed the challenges associated with administering a long-term longitudinal study with children, and how they keep the attrition rate so low.
They discussed: a) Methodology and practicalities of sample frame development; b) Adapting instruments to different cultural contexts/languages/age groups; c) The logistical and ethical opportunities and challenges of tracking, piloting, and data gathering with children and their families across multiple sites and data rounds; d) Cohort maintenance, research reciprocity and strategies for reducing attrition; Speakers: Dr Mary Penny and Dr Alan Sanchez, chaired by Professor Lucie Cluver.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
 
Description Young Lives event: GCRF seminar on Administering longitudinal surveys-notes from the field with Mary Penny and Alan Sanchez (Young Lives Peru, PIs) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Young Lives event: GCRF seminar on Administering longitudinal surveys-notes from the field with Mary Penny and Alan Sanchez, convened at University of Oxford with social science researchers and students working or interested in longitudinal research in LMICs.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020