COVID-19: Resilience of the UK seafood system to the Covid-19 disruption (RiseUp)

Lead Research Organisation: Scottish Association For Marine Science
Department Name: Contracts Office

Abstract

The UK seafood industry is under unprecedented pressure to deliver on national food security during COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, while trying to adapt to remain socio-economically viable. However, no data exists on the systemic impacts to the UK seafood industry, adaptation actions employed by businesses and their potential effects on seafood supply. This compromises the timely adoption of measures to address challenges currently faced by businesses and delays the implementation of changes to increase the UK seafood industry's resilience to future shocks.

RiseUP brings together the expertise of SAMS, the University of Manchester and Seafish to explore pathways to increase resilience at the system and business levels and provide policy-relevant recommendations and stakeholder-specific advice to address challenges. It will collect evidence on the impacts of COVID-19 disruption across the UK seafood industry, how these are managed by businesses and how impacts are propagating trough the supply network. A mix-method approach combines data collection through interviews and surveys; modelling of the industry supply network to explore systemic, particularly unintended, consequences to its resilience; and in-depth case studies to investigate business model adaptation and circularity in selected sectors. The project will provide evidence for decision-making under pressure and uncertainty, to manage the COVID-19 disruption. The project will outline areas for immediate action and inform strategic changes to increase the resilience of the UK seafood industry to future shocks. RiseUP will contribute to understanding the routes to increased resilience, sustainability and security of the UK's seafood system.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description In order to facilitate recovery from COVID-19 disruption and strengthen the UK seafood industry to future shocks, businesses and governments require practical solutions, but it can be difficult to offer suggestions which are tailored to every business type. Our findings from the cross-industry interviews on early-COVID-19 impacts and responses complement preliminary results, already available through contributions to reports to policy-makers and industry. The Bayesian model for the UK seafood supply network being developed under RiseUp by SAMS, from data from these initial interviews and a further business survey later in the pandemic, helps identify the combination of strengths (e.g. ability to diversify markets) and strategies (e.g. redistributing staff or shifting to remote working) that should be effective in mitigating the impact of a shock such as COVID-19 or BREXIT for a given business type. This mix-method network-to-business level approach, is complemented by in-depth interviews, led by the University of Manchester, which focus on the 'hidden-middle' and the experiences of the UK seafood processing businesses. Findings from this analysis document (i) general impacts, such as the closure of the UK service industry, staff shortages and an increase in retail sales; (ii) environmental impacts, including long term plans to improve environmental sustainability being delayed, and a reduced need for international flights; and (iii) adaptations, including changes to the business' customer base (e.g. shift towards selling direct to customers through online sales), product changes (e.g. smaller fillets for home consumption, recipe boxes and home dining), COVID-19 risk management (e.g. adopting government guidelines and furloughing staff).
Exploitation Route The outcomes of this award can be used by others to support businesses in preparing for change, being this sudden shocks or longer term stresses to the food systems. For instance, some of the project findings are being used to inform Seafish's work on climate change adaptation in aquaculture sourced seafood in the UK, helping explore resilience aspects and adaptation responses.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Government, Democracy and Justice,Retail,Transport

URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/
 
Description Preliminary findings have been used to inform internal government briefings and discussed with policy-makers (e.g., Scottish Government) and key agents, further to having being included in outputs/reports for this target audience, practitioners and industry, and discussed in non-academic contexts. Dissemination and stakeholder engagement are ongoing, to help maximise the project impact and uptake of results beyond academia.
First Year Of Impact 2021
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink,Government, Democracy and Justice,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Retail,Transport
Impact Types Economic,Policy & public services

 
Description Briefing to Scottish Government on emerging findings from RiseUp, relevant to 'The impact of EU exit and COVID-19 on the supply of labour and materials'
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Cited in Rivington et al. 2021 'UK Food and nutrition security during and after the COVID-19 pandemic'
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in systematic reviews
URL https://www.hutton.ac.uk/research/projects/uk-food-and-nutrition-security-during-and-after-covid-19-...
 
Description Contributed evidence to Guilbert et al. 2021 'COVID-19 and the UK Food System: Learning Lessons and Building Back Better' - a report for the Transforming the UK Food Systems Programme
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Citation in other policy documents
URL https://ukfoodsystems.ukri.org/2022/11/11/covid-19-and-the-uk-food-system-learning-lessons-and-build...
 
Description Franco 2022. Input to the Vision for Scottish Aquaculture Vision: emerging challenges for the Scottish aquaculture sector.
Geographic Reach National 
Policy Influence Type Contribution to a national consultation/review
 
Description Session on seafood system trade-offs at IFSTAL Summer Schools
Geographic Reach Multiple continents/international 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact This session at IFSTAL Summer School explored the complexity of building sustainable seafood systems, analysing sustainability trade-offs across scales and sub-sectors, by taking specific examples from the UK seafood industry documented in Diverseafood and RiseUp projects. The session was highly interactive and the international students explored stakeholder perspectives on trade-offs through a guided role-play exercise. It presented a valuable detour from business as usual in these discussions, where the role of seafood from aquaculture and fisheries is often neglected.
URL https://www.ifstal.ac.uk/news-and-events/summer-school/
 
Title Bayesian network modelling of UK seafood industry resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic 
Description The COVID-19 pandemic and associated coping responses have resulted in widespread disruption the UK seafood sector, which added to the context of heightened change and uncertainty. However, there was marked variation in resilience to impacts at the business level: while some were negatively affected, others benefitted from the changes and new situation. This was due to a wide range of factors, such as differences in characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and actions taken as a result of the pandemic. However, it is difficult to disentangle the factors which determine business resilience to systemic shocks such as COVID-19. To explore the reasons why some businesses struggled and why some strengthened, we developed a Bayesian network to quantify the influence of various business characteristics, strengths, weaknesses and actions on real outcomes such as changes in turnover during the pandemic. Bayesian networks are directed acyclic graphs that encode conditional probabilistic relationships and commonly used in risk analysis. Our Bayesian network modelling is applied to quantify the overall resilience of UK seafood sub-sectors or to determine best adaptation strategies given a completely resilient seafood supply network. 
Type Of Material Computer model/algorithm 
Year Produced 2021 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The model provides a resilience management tool for industry and practical approach to inform policy, by providing a cross-cutting overview of the industry's response to changes. By identifying the factors associated with better resilience outcomes, the model provides policy makers and business owners in the UK seafood industry with practical approaches to recover and increase resilience and identifies the factors which mitigate negative impacts due to COVID-19 disruption; providing a starting point for evidence-based strategies looking to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in the UK seafood sector. 
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/
 
Description 'Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing' Project proposal 
Organisation McGill University
Country Canada 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Hickey G (McGillU, Lead Investigator), Katic P (NRI, Lead Investigator), Po J (NRI), Franco SC (SAMS), Tagalik S, Karetak J (Aqqiumavvik). Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing. Application in 2021 under the Canada-Inuit Nunangat-United Kingdom Arctic Research Programme. https://frq.gouv.qc.ca/en/program/canada-inuit-nunangat-united-kingdom-arctic-research-programme/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2021
 
Description 'Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing' Project proposal 
Organisation The Arctic Eider Society
Country Canada 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Hickey G (McGillU, Lead Investigator), Katic P (NRI, Lead Investigator), Po J (NRI), Franco SC (SAMS), Tagalik S, Karetak J (Aqqiumavvik). Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing. Application in 2021 under the Canada-Inuit Nunangat-United Kingdom Arctic Research Programme. https://frq.gouv.qc.ca/en/program/canada-inuit-nunangat-united-kingdom-arctic-research-programme/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2021
 
Description 'Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing' Project proposal 
Organisation University of Greenwich
Department Natural Resources Institute Greenwich
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Hickey G (McGillU, Lead Investigator), Katic P (NRI, Lead Investigator), Po J (NRI), Franco SC (SAMS), Tagalik S, Karetak J (Aqqiumavvik). Inuit-led qanuqtuurniq (innovation) for food systems transformation: co-designing environmental change adaptation tools for resilient marine stewardship, Inuit food sovereignty and communal wellbeing. Application in 2021 under the Canada-Inuit Nunangat-United Kingdom Arctic Research Programme. https://frq.gouv.qc.ca/en/program/canada-inuit-nunangat-united-kingdom-arctic-research-programme/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2021
 
Description 'SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies' Project proposal 
Organisation Newcastle University
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Franco S.C. [Lead Investigator], Burrows M., Thiel T. (SAMS), Sharmina M. (UoM), De Roos B., Allan J. (UoA), Panzone L., Gorton M. (NU). SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies. £2M (80% FEC). Application in 2021 to BBSRC - Call: Expression of interest: transforming UK food systems for health and environment. https://www.ukri.org/opportunity/transforming-uk-food-systems-for-health-and-environment/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2020
 
Description 'SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies' Project proposal 
Organisation University of Aberdeen
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Franco S.C. [Lead Investigator], Burrows M., Thiel T. (SAMS), Sharmina M. (UoM), De Roos B., Allan J. (UoA), Panzone L., Gorton M. (NU). SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies. £2M (80% FEC). Application in 2021 to BBSRC - Call: Expression of interest: transforming UK food systems for health and environment. https://www.ukri.org/opportunity/transforming-uk-food-systems-for-health-and-environment/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2020
 
Description 'SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies' Project proposal 
Organisation University of Manchester
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Franco S.C. [Lead Investigator], Burrows M., Thiel T. (SAMS), Sharmina M. (UoM), De Roos B., Allan J. (UoA), Panzone L., Gorton M. (NU). SeaSHELLS: Seafood Sustainability for HEaLth & Local Supplies. £2M (80% FEC). Application in 2021 to BBSRC - Call: Expression of interest: transforming UK food systems for health and environment. https://www.ukri.org/opportunity/transforming-uk-food-systems-for-health-and-environment/
Collaborator Contribution (see above)
Impact Research proposal submitted.
Start Year 2020
 
Description BBC Food Fest - Scotland. Series 1: Episode 4 Glasgow. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact Interviewed by Julie Lin in 2022 for a piece on affordable seafood for inclusion on the BBC Food Fest series. The piece is part of the BBC Food Fest - Scotland. Series 1: Episode 4 Glasgow. Broadcasted on BBC One and Scotland on February 6th and 23rd, 2023. Accessible on the BBC iplayer until 06/02/2024.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2023
URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p0dysvs7/food-fest-scotland-series-1-4-glasgow
 
Description Franco SC, Billing S, Charalambides G, Aquaculture businesses during COVID-19: A UK case study. ePoster. Markets and Consumers. Aquaculture Europe 2021. 4-7 October. Madeira, Portugal. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact Franco et al. (2021) e-Poster at Aquaculture Europe 2021 ('Markets and Consumers' session), aimed at disseminating RiseUp findings relevant to the impact of COVID-19 on UK aquaculture businesses. AE21 is and academic conference and trade show, attended by >1400 participants from 57 countries.

e-Poster link: https://aquaeas.org/PosterViewer/Home/Index/220730
Reference: Franco SC, Billing S, Charalambides G, Aquaculture businesses during COVID-19: A UK case study. ePoster. Markets and Consumers. Aquaculture Europe 2021. 4-7 October. Madeira, Portugal.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://aquaeas.org/PosterViewer/Home/Index/220730
 
Description Interviews with the UK seafood industry on the impacts of COVID-19, responses and pathways forward 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact RiseUp has conducted 39 interviews to date with businesses across the UK seafood supply chain, in order to investigated the systemic impacts of COVID-19 to the UK seafood industry, adaptation actions employed by businesses and their potential effects. On a first instance, we have contacted businesses across the seafood industry to gather first-hand evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 disruption, the response from seafood businesses and the uptake of existing support mechanisms (e.g. government support measures). We have documented experiences from UK fisheries and aquaculture operators, seafood processors, upstream supply chain, logistics, wholesale, retailers and foodservice (including fishmongers and restaurants). The range and magnitude of impacts and how stakeholders have been affected differently has been written for publication, reported in conferences and reports, with further academic dissemination of findings expected in the coming months.

This work, developed by SAMS, in partnership with Manchester University and Seafish, aims to help support the industry in adopting measures to address the challenges currently faced by the sector and the implementation of changes by policy-makers to increase the UK seafood industry's resilience to future shocks.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021,2022
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/
 
Description Interviews with the UK seafood processors to explore in-depth aspects of resilience to COVID-19 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from the UK seafood industry to learn about how seafood processing businesses had been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptive measures they took. Interviewees included directors and managers from 4 fish processing businesses in the North East of England, directors from 4 shellfish processors (2 in the South of England and 2 in the North of Scotland), a sustainability manager from a national seafood business with processing hubs across the UK, and an industry representative, speaking on behalf of a forum. The reported impacts of the COVID-19 shock, including environmental impacts, as well as business adaptations and resilience characteristics were thematically analysed and will be written for publication.

This work, developed by the University of Manchester, in partnership with SAMS and Seafish, aims to help support the industry in adopting measures to address the challenges currently faced by the sector and the implementation of changes by policy-makers to increase the UK seafood industry's resilience to future shocks.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/
 
Description MacDonald A & Franco SC. Modelling the resilience of the UK seafood system. ePoster. Markets and Consumers. Aquaculture Europe 2021. 4-7 October. Madeira, Portugal. 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Other audiences
Results and Impact MacDonald & Franco (2021) e-Poster at Aquaculture Europe 2021 ('Markets and Consumers' session), with the purpose to disseminate the bayesian belief network modelling work under development in RiseUp and establish further collaborations. AE21 is and academic conference and trade show, attended by >1400 participants from 57 countries.

e-Poster link: https://aquaeas.org/PosterViewer/Home/Index/220733
Reference: MacDonald A & Franco SC. Modelling the resilience of the UK seafood system. ePoster. Markets and Consumers. Aquaculture Europe 2021. 4-7 October. Madeira, Portugal.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://aquaeas.org/PosterViewer/Home/Index/220733
 
Description Online survey on the impacts and responses to COVID-19 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact RiseUp has designed an online survey for the UK seafood supply chain, in order to investigate the business adaptation actions in response to COVID-19. This work, developed by SAMS, in partnership with Manchester University and Seafish, aimed to help support the industry in adopting measures to address the challenges currently faced by the sector and the implementation of changes by policy-makers to increase the UK seafood industry's resilience to future shocks.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/
 
Description Poster presentation for the COP26 Climate Expo, May 2021, titled: "Green recovery for blue food? The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK seafood sector" 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact An narrated posted was presented online at the COP26 Climate Expo in May 2021. The expo was a large event with a potentially varied and large audience (more at https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/cop26/climate-exp0-conference/). The purpose of the poster was to share our research with the academic community.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://reterus.it/public/files/Eventi/2021/Climate_Exp0_-_Full_Programme__1_.pdf
 
Description Presentation at a Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research seminar, titled "RiseUp: Resilience of the UK seafood system to COVID-19 disruption" 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact A presentation was given to approximately 15 colleagues at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Manchester. The purpose of the presentation was to share research ideas with other academics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
 
Description Presentation given at the Royal Geographical Annual International Conference session, "Where do we go to eat (now)? Rethinking food systems in disruptive times". Title of presentation: "Exploring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptive measures taken by businesses in the UK seafood sector" 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact An online presentation was given at an academic conference to an audience, primarily of researchers. The purpose was to share and develop research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.rgs.org/research/annual-international-conference/
 
Description Presentation given to the Manchester Food Board and Article written for the Manchester Food Board Newsletter: How has the UK seafood sector been impacted by COVID-19 and can it build back better? 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact A presentation was given to the Manchester Food Board online meeting and there was an opportunity for questions from the board about our research. The purpose of the presentation was to engage with a variety of sectors in Manchester and to raise awareness of the impacts of COVID-19 on the seafood sector. An article was subsequently written for the Manchester Food Board Spring newsletter, upon request and can be found here: https://us7.campaign-archive.com/?u=99af723e702f51ca8442b28c6&id=e372ad6764. There was a general reflection during the meeting that seafood is not often considered in these conversations
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://us7.campaign-archive.com/?u=99af723e702f51ca8442b28c6&id=e372ad6764
 
Description Press release and related coverage - 'Seafood industry survey to assess Covid-19 impact' 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact RiseUp press release by SAMS, inviting industry participation to the online survey on the impacts of COVID-19 to seafood businesses and resilience actions employed by the industry. The survey can be found at: https://uhi.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/riseup. This was reported in a number of industry outlets (eg., Seafood Scotland, Seafish, EcoMagazine, Fish Focus, The Fish Site, FishFarming Expert, Fishing News, Altararwah.com), policy circles (e.g., All Party Parliamentary Group on Fisheries) and regional-to-national media outlets (e.g., The National, The Scotsman, Edinburgh Evening News), as well as an external blog post.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/news/sams-news-rise-up-seafood-survey.html
 
Description Press release and related coverage - 'Study investigates COVID-shock on seafood sector' 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Media (as a channel to the public)
Results and Impact RiseUp project kick-off press release by SAMS. This was reported in >10 industry outlets (eg., Fish Farmer, Fish Farming Expert, Seafood News, FIS, ECO, Fishing News) and local-national media outlets (eg., Oban Times, The National).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/news/sams-news-riseup-covid-shock.html
 
Description Stakeholder workshop and report - 'Building Back Better for increased resilience of the UK food system to future shocks' 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Policymakers/politicians
Results and Impact UKRI-organised workshop - 'Building Back Better for increased resilience of the UK food system to future shocks' (July 2020 ) to explore what a more resilient UK food system would look like, and what types of shocks the UK food system could face in the future, and how UKRI could support the research and innovation needed to enhance the resilience of the UK food system. This 'Building back better for increased resilience of the UK food system to future shocks' report brings together the findings from this workshop and has been published by the GFS Programme here: [https://www.foodsecurity.ac.uk/news/building-back-better-how-can-we-increase-the-resilience-of-the-uk-food-system/]
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020
URL https://www.foodsecurity.ac.uk/news/building-back-better-how-can-we-increase-the-resilience-of-the-u...
 
Description UKRIs Aquaculture CR&D Scoping Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Participation to UKRIs Aquaculture CR&D Scoping Workshop, following previous meetings with BBSRC business interaction team to discuss project outcomes from Diverseafood and RiseUp, relevant to their scoping exercise on aquaculture applied research gaps.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Website - RiseUp 'Resilience of the UK seafood system to COVID-19 disruption' 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The RiseUp website is the public face of the project and gives overview of the project plan, ongoing work, team contacts, and in the future will also include links to outputs and engagement events. It serves as a platform to invite industry to engage with the project and several contacts have been received since the website went live, with offers to engage with the project and collaboration requests.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021
URL https://www.sams.ac.uk/science/projects/riseup/