Highlight SDAI: Successful Reintegration Trajectories of Ex-Combatants in Colombia

Lead Research Organisation: University of Essex
Department Name: Government

Abstract

The 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) called for the collective demobilisation and reintegration ("reincorporation") of nearly 14,000 FARC combatants. The Colombian presidential agency, the Agency for Reincorporation and Standardization (ARN), has been responsible for administering the reintegration process and for giving advice and support to ex-combatants. Since 2003, the ARN has supported the reintegration of paramilitaries, special reintegration of individual rebel-combatants, and reincorporation of collectively demobilised FARC combatants. The research division of the ARN holds extensive data on these reintegration and reincorporation processes that so far have yet to be fully analysed. In particular, the reincorporation of former FARC combatants deserves further scrutiny.

In collaboration with researchers at ARN and academics at Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, the proposed research has identified the need to better understand what constitutes a successful reincorporation trajectory contrasting inclusion and marginalisation of former combatants. The project will identify the individual socioeconomic determinants of successful reintegration as well as the spatial and institutional context in which former FARC combatants find themselves. Moreover, the reincorporation process includes the provision of seed funding for business projects, so-called "productive projects". The research also aims to better understand why some productive projects have been successful while others failed. Here too, we will consider individual and contextual factors. Apart from data held by the ARN, relevant regional and municipal-level data are held by the Colombian National Planning Department, the Ministry of Defence, National Service of Employment, Ministry of Education, the Institute for Family Protection, and the Office of People Advocacy (Ombudsman Office). The research project aims to support information exchange between ARN and these relevant Colombian institutions, as well as strengthen the capacity within the ARN to analyse such nested data using spatial and network analysis techniques.

The Colombian government has recently announced the restart of peace talks in November 2022. This context offers a time opportunity to assess the reincorporation experience of FARC combatants. The Colombian government is starting negotiations with the National Liberation Army or Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN), another guerrilla group involved in the civil war, who currently have approximately 3,000 members. The insights and learned lessons from previous reintegration and reincorporation processes are important to design new policies and programmes to support future reincorporation processes. The findings from our project will be able to inform the government's reincorporation process by providing new ideas or refining existing ones.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description This research has allowed us to identify the parameters, patterns, and other features of the problem of reincorporation of former FARC combatants, gradually building our understanding of ex-combatant situations. Our datasets are compiled from fieldwork, ex-combatant interviews, meetings with the ARN, and reanalysis of data originally collected by the ARN'. Also, the interaction with public datasets and open datasets. Analyzing these datasets has helped us understand deep individual trajectories.
Exploitation Route The outcome of the analyses will be presented at scholarly conferences and the data (properly compiled and in line with data confidentially agreement with ARN) will be made public.
Sectors Government

Democracy and Justice

 
Description The Bogotá Summer School on Research Methods for Peace has extended the knowledge on qualitative and quantitative research methods of professional staff at ARN. As a result of the Bogotá summer school some of the attendants have prepared a guide on qualitative research. The course of quantitative methods has motived ARN officials to amend the design (and requirements) for a baseline survey.
First Year Of Impact 2024
Sector Government, Democracy and Justice
Impact Types Policy & public services

 
Description Research training of ARN officials
Geographic Reach South America 
Policy Influence Type Influenced training of practitioners or researchers
Impact As a result of the Bogotá summer school some of the attendants prepare a guide on qualitative research in which they quote Ximena Velasco-Guachalla´s course. ARN officials are preparing a baseline survey following advice from Dr. Nelson A Ruiz as part of his "Introducción a Métodos Cuantitativos y Causalidad" and follow up discussions
 
Description Partnership between University of Essex and Jorge Tadeo Lozano University 
Organisation Jorge Tadeo Lozano University
Country Colombia 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution The partnership between the University of Essex and Fundación Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano was in direct response to award. Apart from signing a formal partnership on 17 January 2024. University of Essex due diligence process for Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano with PI Dorussen as lead contributor at University of Essex was completed on 11 October 2023. Organised attendance at Essex Summer School for Social Science Data Analysis.
Collaborator Contribution Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano provided input to the due diligence process and a co-signatories to the partnership arrangement. Researchers at JTLU contributed to the research, collating and analysing data, interviews for ARN field officers and former FARC combatants in Cali and Medellin, analysing transcripts of interviews, regular meetings with ARN officials in Bogota, presenting research in Cali, contributing to two papers currently in progress. Co-organised a methods summer school in Bogota, Colombia, for officials of ARN.
Impact Papers: Blanco Moreno, Andrea Catalina, and Han Dorussen (2025). Tracing trajectories of reincorporation in Colombia. Paper presented at Latin American Peace Science, 6th Annual Conference, Cali, Colombia, 18 January 2025. Dorussen, Han, Andrea Catalina Blanco Moreno, Andres Ballesteros, V. Ximena Velasco Guachalla, and Oscar Granados (2025). Tracing trajectories of reincorporation in Colombia. Paper to be presented at the AMEI-ISA Joint International Conference, Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, 4 - 6 June 2025. Granados, Oscar, Catalina A. Blanco-Moreno, Ximena Velasco-Guachalla, Han Dorussen and Andrés E. Ballesteros (2025). A Trajectory of a New Life After a Peace Process. Paper to be presented at the NetSci 2025 satellite workshop "Network Science for the Sustainable Development Goals", Maastricht, the Netherlands, 2 June 2025. Essex Summer School Attendance of JTLU participants at 2024 Essex Summer School of Social Science Data Analysis. Andrea Catalina Blanco Moreno, Andres Ballesteros, Oscar Granados Bogota Summer School Co-organisation of Summer school: University of Essex & Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Escuela de Verano: Métodos de Investigación para la Paz, JTLU, Bogota, Colombia, 16/9/2024 - 20/9/2024.
Start Year 2023
 
Description Bogotá Summer School on Research Methods for Peace 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Summer school: University of Essex & Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Escuela de Verano: Métodos de Investigación para la Paz, JTLU, Bogota, Colombia, 16/9/2024 - 20/9/2024. The weeklong summer school consisted of two courses: 1. quantitative methods and 2. qualitative methods.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
 
Description Essex Summer School methods training 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Study participants or study members
Results and Impact The collaborators / Co-investigators at JTLU attended courses at the Essex Summer School in Social Science Data Analysis, July-August 2024:
Andrea Blanco Moreno "2K Causal Inference and Experiments in the Social Sciences" (Hybrid)
Andres Ballesteros "2K Causal Inference and Experiments in the Social Sciences" (Hybrid)
Oscar Granados "3N Deep Learning For Text and Vision" (35 hours, week one only, Hybrid)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024
URL https://essexsummerschool.com
 
Description Regular meetings with ARN officials in Bogota, Colombia 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Regular meetings with ARN officials to discuss aims and objectives of the project, data sharing, methods training of ARN officials:
06/06/2023 Meeting with Natalia Angulo and Gloria Carolina Rojas Official liasson officers from ARN
31/07/2023 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Natalia Angulo, Gloria Carolina Rojas (ARN).
17/08/2023 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Natalia Angulo, Diana Parra (ARN)
05/12/2023 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Natalia Angulo, Gretel Medrano (ARN)
21/12/2023 Virtual Meeting with Natalia Angulo, Gretel Medrano , Juan David Mendoza , Jenny Marcela Farieta, Francisco Quintero (ARN)
16/01/2024 Virtual Meeting with Natalia Angulo, Gretel Medrano , Juan David Mendoza , Jenny Marcela Farieta, Francisco Quintero, Diana Parra, (ARN) ,
01/02/2024 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Celmira Frasser, Natalia Angulo, Gretel Medrano , Juan David Mendoza , Jenny Marcela Farieta, Francisco Quintero, Diana Parra (ARN).
11/04/2024 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Natalia Angulo.
18/07/2024 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Nadia Guio (New liasson Officer).
06/09/2024 Meeting at ARN Headquarters with Nadia Guio (New liasson Officer)
20/02/2025 Meeting with Nadia Guio, Adriana Luque (ARN)
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2024,2025