Persistence and emergence of ADHD in young adulthood: Unravelling aetiology using genetics in a population-based longitudinal cohort
Lead Research Organisation:
King's College London
Department Name: Social Genetic and Dev Psychiatry Centre
Abstract
While ADHD was historically thought to only affect children, it is now recognized that it may continue into adulthood. Studies identify about 2.5-5% of adults as having ADHD, which is associated with poor outcomes including unemployment, substance abuse, and even higher mortality. I recently conducted a study that found not only may ADHD continue into adulthood, but the disorder may also newly begin in young adulthood. This is a novel finding, as ADHD is currently understood to begin in childhood. My findings are supported by results from two other recent studies in Brazil and New Zealand that also identified late-onset ADHD groups. Currently, little is known about those adults who did not have ADHD in childhood but developed it in adulthood. Who are individuals with late-onset ADHD? Did they have a disposition to develop ADHD as children, but grew up in very supportive households that masked their disorder until later life? Or do these people not have ADHD in adulthood, but rather another disorder with symptoms that could look like ADHD?
Genetic studies can provide crucial insights in answering such questions about late-onset ADHD, and indeed broader questions about ADHD in young adulthood. One way to understand how late-onset ADHD might be similar or different to childhood ADHD is to investigate whether people with late-onset ADHD have higher levels of risk genes for childhood ADHD. If so, this would support the idea that people with late-onset ADHD would have shown ADHD in childhood, but the disorder was perhaps masked by a supportive family environment. In contrast, if people with late-onset ADHD do not have more risk genes for ADHD, but rather for other mental health disorders, this would suggest that late-onset ADHD may be explained by other mental health problems with symptoms similar to ADHD.
The age at which ADHD symptoms may appear varies broadly from person to person, with some individual's symptoms beginning in infancy, while for others symptoms may not emerge until adolescence or later. I will examine how genes affect whether an individual develops either childhood or adult-onset ADHD, as well as how genes affect when ADHD symptoms first begin across a range of ages over development. It is not known whether some genes may increase risk for a very early onset of ADHD (e.g. infancy) whereas others increase risk for later onset (i.e. late childhood), and whether genes that affect when ADHD begins are different from those that affect whether an individual develops ADHD in the first place.
Genes do not act alone to increase risk for ADHD. Rather, people's genes interact with their environment to influence the development of ADHD. For example, even people with many ADHD risk genes may not develop the disorder if they grow up in a protective environment; likewise, people with few ADHD risk genes might develop the disorder if they grow up in adverse environments. I will explore aspects of the social and family environment that could protect against or exacerbate genetic risk for ADHD. One pathway through which the environment can influence risk of ADHD is through epigenetics changes, which can turn genes 'on and off'. In this way, two identical twins who share 100% of their DNA may express different genes depending on epigenetic variations. I will compare epigenetic differences among twin pairs in which one twin has late-onset ADHD and the other does not, to identify biological changes that may be markers of young adult ADHD.
To-date, the majority of ADHD research has assumed that all cases of adult ADHD began in childhood. However, I and other researchers have recently found this may often not be the case. Understanding how, why and when adult ADHD may develop is a crucial question and has broad implications for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD.
Genetic studies can provide crucial insights in answering such questions about late-onset ADHD, and indeed broader questions about ADHD in young adulthood. One way to understand how late-onset ADHD might be similar or different to childhood ADHD is to investigate whether people with late-onset ADHD have higher levels of risk genes for childhood ADHD. If so, this would support the idea that people with late-onset ADHD would have shown ADHD in childhood, but the disorder was perhaps masked by a supportive family environment. In contrast, if people with late-onset ADHD do not have more risk genes for ADHD, but rather for other mental health disorders, this would suggest that late-onset ADHD may be explained by other mental health problems with symptoms similar to ADHD.
The age at which ADHD symptoms may appear varies broadly from person to person, with some individual's symptoms beginning in infancy, while for others symptoms may not emerge until adolescence or later. I will examine how genes affect whether an individual develops either childhood or adult-onset ADHD, as well as how genes affect when ADHD symptoms first begin across a range of ages over development. It is not known whether some genes may increase risk for a very early onset of ADHD (e.g. infancy) whereas others increase risk for later onset (i.e. late childhood), and whether genes that affect when ADHD begins are different from those that affect whether an individual develops ADHD in the first place.
Genes do not act alone to increase risk for ADHD. Rather, people's genes interact with their environment to influence the development of ADHD. For example, even people with many ADHD risk genes may not develop the disorder if they grow up in a protective environment; likewise, people with few ADHD risk genes might develop the disorder if they grow up in adverse environments. I will explore aspects of the social and family environment that could protect against or exacerbate genetic risk for ADHD. One pathway through which the environment can influence risk of ADHD is through epigenetics changes, which can turn genes 'on and off'. In this way, two identical twins who share 100% of their DNA may express different genes depending on epigenetic variations. I will compare epigenetic differences among twin pairs in which one twin has late-onset ADHD and the other does not, to identify biological changes that may be markers of young adult ADHD.
To-date, the majority of ADHD research has assumed that all cases of adult ADHD began in childhood. However, I and other researchers have recently found this may often not be the case. Understanding how, why and when adult ADHD may develop is a crucial question and has broad implications for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD.
Technical Summary
ADHD is understood as a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. However, in my recent longitudinal study, less than one-third of individuals with young adult ADHD had ADHD persistent from childhood, while over two-thirds did not have the disorder in childhood. Many questions remain as to the nature of persistent and 'late-onset' ADHD. The aim of my proposed project is to combine data from large-scale genetic studies with a population-based cohort study to investigate the persistence and emergence of ADHD in young adulthood.
More specifically, I aim:
(1) to assess whether late-onset ADHD is associated with: (a) childhood ADHD polygenic risk score, suggesting childhood and late-onset ADHD share genetic aetiology, or (b) polygenic risk scores for other mental health disorders, such as alcohol dependence and depression, which would suggest late-onset ADHD may be accounted for by other psychopathology that mimics ADHD in young adulthood;
(2) to utilize genetic data available in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium to perform GWAS analyses examining ADHD age of onset as a quantitative trait, as well as to examine whether ADHD polygenic risk score is associated with age of onset among clinical cases of ADHD;
(3) to determine whether risk and protective factors in the social environment moderate genetic risk, as assessed by ADHD polygenic risk score, for the emergence and persistence of ADHD in young adulthood;
(4) to investigate whether DNA methylomic variation: (a) is associated with polygenic risk score for ADHD in a population-based cohort study, and (b) differs between monozygotic twins discordant for late-onset ADHD (n=49 pairs).
This project has important implications and opportunities for researchers and clinicians in understanding young adult ADHD. Investigating the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of young adult ADHD will provide invaluable insights that will affect the direction of future research and could influence clinical decision-making.
More specifically, I aim:
(1) to assess whether late-onset ADHD is associated with: (a) childhood ADHD polygenic risk score, suggesting childhood and late-onset ADHD share genetic aetiology, or (b) polygenic risk scores for other mental health disorders, such as alcohol dependence and depression, which would suggest late-onset ADHD may be accounted for by other psychopathology that mimics ADHD in young adulthood;
(2) to utilize genetic data available in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium to perform GWAS analyses examining ADHD age of onset as a quantitative trait, as well as to examine whether ADHD polygenic risk score is associated with age of onset among clinical cases of ADHD;
(3) to determine whether risk and protective factors in the social environment moderate genetic risk, as assessed by ADHD polygenic risk score, for the emergence and persistence of ADHD in young adulthood;
(4) to investigate whether DNA methylomic variation: (a) is associated with polygenic risk score for ADHD in a population-based cohort study, and (b) differs between monozygotic twins discordant for late-onset ADHD (n=49 pairs).
This project has important implications and opportunities for researchers and clinicians in understanding young adult ADHD. Investigating the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of young adult ADHD will provide invaluable insights that will affect the direction of future research and could influence clinical decision-making.
Planned Impact
ADHD is one of the most prevalent behavioural disorders in childhood and remains relatively common in adulthood, affecting approximately 2.5-5% of adults. Adult ADHD is also associated with several negative and costly outcomes including unemployment, substance abuse and even higher mortality. Untreated ADHD is associated with lower productivity at work, as well as more volatile behaviour; one study found that individuals with ADHD are more likely to commit crimes in periods when they are untreated compared to times when their ADHD is treated. Therefore it is of the utmost importance to recognize ADHD in adulthood and offer individuals with ADHD appropriate and effective treatment.
Recent research by myself and others has found that a large proportion of the adult ADHD population did not have the disorder in childhood, and instead had "late-onset" adult ADHD. A better understanding of late-onset ADHD has important impact in several areas. Most immediately for clinicians and nosologists, whether to require childhood-onset of ADHD is a topic of debate. The genetic and gene-environment analyses in the current proposal will shed light on the nature of late-onset ADHD and its relationship to childhood-onset ADHD, which will inform the debate around whether childhood onset should be required to receive a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. This has direct impact on individuals with ADHD, who may be turned away from treatment or not reimbursed by insurance companies if they do not meet this age of onset criterion. In the longer term, a better understanding of the aetiology of late-onset ADHD could inform treatment for adult ADHD. For example, whether childhood-onset and late-onset ADHD respond similarly to medication or behavioural treatment is an open question. Disentangling the genetic make-up of young adult ADHD will inform clinical treatment decisions and, in the future, potentially point to new areas of drug development.
This research could lead to advances in personalised medicine. For example, ADHD polygenic risk scores, in combination with assessment of the family environment, could someday be used to identify children with ADHD who are at high risk for a particularly persistent course of the disorder and who could especially benefit from increased intervention and treatment. These methods may also identify children for whom elevated ADHD symptoms in childhood represent a milder, transient developmental phase and who are likely to outgrow their ADHD without intensive intervention. The findings from the current proposal will make a significant contribution to understanding how genetics affect the course of ADHD across development and move towards the goal of using this information in the service of personalised medicine. This could benefit individuals living with ADHD, as well as their friends and families, by helping to tailor treatments to be most effective for the individual.
Additionally, genomic and epigenetic research may help to identify important new biological pathways and biomarkers associated with adult ADHD. GWAS analyses examining genetic variants associated with ADHD age of onset could identify novel neurobiological pathways associated with the timing of when ADHD symptoms appear. Epigenetic findings could point to novel biomarkers of disease risk and potential targets for further investigation in neurobiological systems.
Finally, an important aspect of this proposal is international, cross-cohort collaboration. In the current proposal, I plan to continue and extend my collaboration with investigators at the Pelotas Study in Brazil and the Dunedin Study in New Zealand. My longer-term goal is to expand this collaboration of ADHD research beyond these two cohorts to include a broader consortium of investigators studying ADHD over the life course. It is my hope that increased communication among researchers in this area can lead to increased replication, sharing of results and novel discoveries.
Recent research by myself and others has found that a large proportion of the adult ADHD population did not have the disorder in childhood, and instead had "late-onset" adult ADHD. A better understanding of late-onset ADHD has important impact in several areas. Most immediately for clinicians and nosologists, whether to require childhood-onset of ADHD is a topic of debate. The genetic and gene-environment analyses in the current proposal will shed light on the nature of late-onset ADHD and its relationship to childhood-onset ADHD, which will inform the debate around whether childhood onset should be required to receive a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood. This has direct impact on individuals with ADHD, who may be turned away from treatment or not reimbursed by insurance companies if they do not meet this age of onset criterion. In the longer term, a better understanding of the aetiology of late-onset ADHD could inform treatment for adult ADHD. For example, whether childhood-onset and late-onset ADHD respond similarly to medication or behavioural treatment is an open question. Disentangling the genetic make-up of young adult ADHD will inform clinical treatment decisions and, in the future, potentially point to new areas of drug development.
This research could lead to advances in personalised medicine. For example, ADHD polygenic risk scores, in combination with assessment of the family environment, could someday be used to identify children with ADHD who are at high risk for a particularly persistent course of the disorder and who could especially benefit from increased intervention and treatment. These methods may also identify children for whom elevated ADHD symptoms in childhood represent a milder, transient developmental phase and who are likely to outgrow their ADHD without intensive intervention. The findings from the current proposal will make a significant contribution to understanding how genetics affect the course of ADHD across development and move towards the goal of using this information in the service of personalised medicine. This could benefit individuals living with ADHD, as well as their friends and families, by helping to tailor treatments to be most effective for the individual.
Additionally, genomic and epigenetic research may help to identify important new biological pathways and biomarkers associated with adult ADHD. GWAS analyses examining genetic variants associated with ADHD age of onset could identify novel neurobiological pathways associated with the timing of when ADHD symptoms appear. Epigenetic findings could point to novel biomarkers of disease risk and potential targets for further investigation in neurobiological systems.
Finally, an important aspect of this proposal is international, cross-cohort collaboration. In the current proposal, I plan to continue and extend my collaboration with investigators at the Pelotas Study in Brazil and the Dunedin Study in New Zealand. My longer-term goal is to expand this collaboration of ADHD research beyond these two cohorts to include a broader consortium of investigators studying ADHD over the life course. It is my hope that increased communication among researchers in this area can lead to increased replication, sharing of results and novel discoveries.
People |
ORCID iD |
Jessica Agnew-Blais (Principal Investigator / Fellow) |
Publications
Caye A
(2019)
A risk calculator to predict adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: generation and external validation in three birth cohorts and one clinical sample - ERRATUM.
in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences
Asherson P
(2019)
Annual Research Review: Does late-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder exist?
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Agnew-Blais JC
(2020)
Are changes in ADHD course reflected in differences in IQ and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood?
in Psychological medicine
Stern A
(2018)
Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: A prospective nationally-representative twin study.
in Child abuse & neglect
Agnew-Blais J
(2017)
Childhood comorbidity and parental mental health problems appear to be associated with ADHD persistence.
in Evidence-based mental health
Mowlem F
(2019)
Do different factors influence whether girls versus boys meet ADHD diagnostic criteria? Sex differences among children with high ADHD symptoms.
in Psychiatry research
Van Dongen J
(2019)
Epigenome-wide Association Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults.
in Biological psychiatry
Mowlem FD
(2019)
Evaluating a scale of excessive mind wandering among males and females with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from a population sample.
in Scientific reports
Wertz J
(2018)
From Childhood Conduct Problems to Poor Functioning at Age 18 Years: Examining Explanations in a Longitudinal Cohort Study.
in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Agnew-Blais J
(2018)
Intriguing findings regarding the association between asthma and ADHD.
in The lancet. Psychiatry
Agnew-Blais J
(2018)
Late-Onset ADHD: Case Closed or Open Question?
in The American journal of psychiatry
Agnew-Blais JC
(2021)
Polygenic Risk and the Course of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood to Young Adulthood: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cohort.
in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Wertz J
(2020)
Using DNA From Mothers and Children to Study Parental Investment in Children's Educational Attainment.
in Child development
Agnew-Blais JC
(2018)
Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD.
in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
Description | King's Prize Fellowship |
Amount | £45,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | King's College London |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 06/2017 |
Description | PGC-ADHD epigenome-wide association study work group |
Organisation | Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) |
Country | Global |
Sector | Learned Society |
PI Contribution | This initiative is created based on voluntary contribution of the participants to unite efforts (and data) with an overarching aim to advance our understanding of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through examination of the epigenome, including its relationship with the environment and the genome. The goal of the initiative is to collect and analyze as many comparable epigenetic datasets as possible under the premise that the below outlined aims can be achieved by working together rather than individually. I will be helping to contribute data from the E-Risk study to these analyses. |
Collaborator Contribution | The initiative is founded by Joel Nigg, Barbara Franke, Dorret Boomsma, Jonathan Mill, Jenny van Dongen, Mandy Meijer, Michael Mooney, Anna Starnawska and Tetyana Zayats. |
Impact | No outcomes yet; future outcomes will include review papers and original research publications |
Start Year | 2020 |
Description | "Does late-onset ADHD exist?" Plenary talk: UK Adult ADHD Network Annual Conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Plenary talk "Does late-onset ADHD exist?" at the 10th annual UK Adult ADHD Network Annual Conference in London, UK |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | "Is there a late-onset form of ADHD?" Plenary talk: Norwegian Neuropsychological Society Annual Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Plenary talk at the Norwegian Neuropsychological Society Annual Meeting in Olso, Norway |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | "Polygenic risk for ADHD and ADHD course" Oral presentation: Behavior Genetics Association Annual Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation "Polygenic risk for ADHD and ADHD course" at Behavior Genetics Association Annual Meeting in Stockholm, Sweden |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | "Understanding the course of ADHD: the importance of longitudinal cohorts" Plenary talk: MQ Mental Health Science Meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Plenary talk "Understanding the course of ADHD: the importance of longitudinal cohorts" at the MQ Mental Health Science Meeting in London UK |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Attendance at Introduction to Multilevel Modelling Using MLwiN course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Attendance at 3 day Introduction to Multilevel Modelling Using MLwiN course |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Attendance at Multilevel and Longitudinal Modelling course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Attendance at Multilevel and Longitudinal Modelling course, Kings College London |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Attendance at the 2018 World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Attended the 2018 World Congresses of Psychiatric Genetics in Glasgow, Scotland. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | BGA conference poster presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Virtual presentation of findings on household chaos and childhood ADHD symptoms, a gene-environment correlation study |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | CEREB 2019 ADHD Day, "Functional outcomes of ADHD in young adulthood: Findings from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited to speak at CEREB ADHD Day 2019. CEREB is a neuropsychology clinic, so the audience largely clinicians. Spoke about "Functional outcomes of ADHD in young adulthood: Findings from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study". |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Causal modeling course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Attendance at week-long workshop on causal modeling and evaluation offered by the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics at King's College London. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | EUNETHYDIS |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Was invited to attend the EUNETHYDIS conference in Germany, and presented the talk "Functional outcomes of ADHD in young adulthood: Findings from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study" in Cologne Germany in Oct 2017. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Functional outcomes in young adults: Results from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk Longitudinal Twin Study |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited talk at the World Congress on ADHD, Vancouver, CA. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | GWAS course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Attendance at week-long course on the statistical analysis of GWAS offered by Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Genetics of ADHD across development: Investigating late-onset, persistent, and remitted ADHD" Oral presentation: ADHD World Congress |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Oral presentation: "Genetics of ADHD across development: Investigating late-onset, persistent, and remitted ADHD" at the ADHD World Congress in Lisbon Portugal |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Genomics conference |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Attendance at three-day conference on the genomics of common diseases offered by the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | Invited to speak at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Academic Day at the IoPPN |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Invited to speak at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Academic Day at the IoPPN on Nov 28 2018 regarding "Functional outcomes of childhood ADHD and conduct disorder in young adults" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Is there an adult-onset form of ADHD? |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Plenary talk at the UK Adult ADHD Network 6th Annual Conference, London UK. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | NYTimes interview |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Interviewed for and quoted in NY Times story: "New study casts doubt on the diagnosis of adult-onset ADHD" |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/health/adhd-adults.html |
Description | Polygenic Risk Score Course |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Participation in the Polygenic Risk Score Analysis Course, a 1-day workshop at the SGDP Centre |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Presentation at the London ADHD Research Forum |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Presentation at the London ADHD Research Forum on "Polygenic risk and ADHD correlates, comorbidity, cognitive functioning and course: Preliminary findings", in London UK on Dec 11 2018. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Presentation for ADHD parent group |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Patients, carers and/or patient groups |
Results and Impact | Invited to give a talk at ADHD Richmond Supporting parents/carers of children with ADHD about "Sleep quality and ADHD" Kingston-Upon-Thames, in Surrey, UK, June 12th 2018 |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Request for expert opinion on ADHD and omega-3 study |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Expert opinion request from the Science Media Centre regarding a study looking at Omega-3 fish oil and ADHD in children. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-looking-at-omega-3-fish-oil-and-adhd-in-... |
Description | Request for expert opinion on recent publication |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Media (as a channel to the public) |
Results and Impact | Quoted as expert in several publications, listed below: "Teens glued to phones risk 'modest' rise in ADHD symptoms - study" https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/healthandwellness/660860/teens-glued-to-phones-risk-modest-rise-in-adhd-symptoms-study/story/ "Teens glued to phones risk 'modest' rise in ADHD symptoms - study" https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/07/18/18/teens-glued-to-phones-risk-modest-rise-in-adhd-symptoms-study "Teens glued to phones risk 'modest' rise in ADHD symptoms - study" https://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-5963777/Teens-glued-phones-risk-modest-rise-ADHD-symptoms-study.html "Teens glued to phones risk 'modest' rise in ADHD symptoms: study" https://www.todayonline.com/world/teens-glued-phones-risk-modest-rise-adhd-symptoms-study "Digital Overload, Smartphones Could Cause Rise In Teen ADHD Symptoms" https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/07/18/smartphones-adhd-study_a_23484720/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer_us=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_cs=vPQc3O-L3PAT9XGvtK3wPQ |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-association-of-digital-media-use-and-adhd-sympt... |
Description | SGDP Centre talk |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Local |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I presented at the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre weekly seminar, which is attended by masters- and doctoral-level students, as well as postdocs and professors, affiliated with the SGDP Centre and those in the wider Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2017 |
Description | SGDP Centre talk, "Polygenic risk and ADHD characteristics and developmental course" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Gave a talk at SGDP Centre on the topic of "Polygenic risk and ADHD characteristics and developmental course". Talk attended by those in the SGDP Centre and the broader Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Talk at the Life History Research Society Meeting, Paris May 2018 "Are changes in ADHD symptoms associated with changes in cognitive functioning?" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presentation at the Life History Research Society Meeting, Paris May 2018 "Are changes in ADHD symptoms associated with changes in cognitive functioning?", an international conference. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | WCPG presentation |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Postgraduate students |
Results and Impact | Presentation of the project "Polygenic risk and course of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Findings from a nationally- representative cohort" at the World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, virtual conference, October 2020. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |