Uncertainty reduction in Models For Understanding deveLopment Applications (UMFULA)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Dar es Salaam
Department Name: Water Resources Engineering

Abstract

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Planned Impact

Who might benefit from our research? Case study participants: Rufiji river basin: the government River Basin Water Office and the public-private partnership Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania; southern Malawi: Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation and Water Resources, Chikwawa, Nsanje and Thoyolo District Assemblies. Case study outputs will benefit multilateral development banks and the southern African Climate Resilient Infrastructure Facility-CRIDF, who advise on infrastructural development. National and regional decision-makers in C&SA and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) including Southern African Development Community, WATERNET, CRIDF. Programmes concerned with climate services, e.g. Global Framework for Climate Services, CCAFS, IRI, CLIVAR, ESPA, CARIAA ASSAR. Met Services in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa and Tanzania. Universities of Zambia and Yaounde. African citizens vulnerable to climate related risks, or reliant on infrastructure/resources that may be affected by climate change (now-40 years on).
How might they benefit from our research? Through deep engagement, national and local government and private sector stakeholders in both Malawi and Tanzania will be enabled to drive a process of improved use of climate services in decision-making processes. This is critical in both case study contexts which have been selected based on the climate risk to water and agriculture infrastructure and the implications it has for economic development. The process will be supported by the Met Services whose capacity will be built to produce country-specific contextualized projections based on the outputs of climate models given their responsibility in country to do so. Active engagement of Met Services within the case study co-production will also build partnerships that extend beyond the project lifetime and can inform on-going country policy processes: for example the development of the National Adaptation Plans. The ultimate aim is that improved use of climate services in decision-making benefits African citizens, not only in Malawi and Tanzania but also further afield, through the proactive communication of robust theoretical and applied findings to decision-makers across C&SA and further disseminated for use throughout SSA. By engaging with major initiatives such as GFCS (which is piloting programmes in both case study countries) we will have outreach and potential impact well beyond the two case studies. Univ Zambia & Yaounde and African Met Services will participate in a 'big science' project involving state-of-the-art high resolution models.
As a team we have a strong track record of applied research and proven impact in climate science and adaptation across Africa. Our approach includes
Co-production of knowledge and stakeholder-driven deliberative processes as the key methodology in the case studies; in which case study participants are engaged throughout the process and have co-ownership of the process and, by definition, the findings will be targeted to be of direct applicability and achieve maximum development impact.
Embedding impact in our management structures to maximize impact over the lifetime of the project and ensure post-project sustainability
1) Impact sub-group led by KULIMA
2) Advisory Panel, high level strategic guidance, through bi-annual TCs with representation from key regional organisations, public and private sector, donors and multi-laterals (eg agreed participation of World Bank staff)
A proactive approach to collaboration with other RPCs and the CCKE, eg invitation to sit on panels to maximise synergistic findings and outreach opportunities
Seizing opportunities for development of African capacity through providing bursaries to students in C&SA countries, making it a policy for senior team members and PDRAs to give guest lectures/research training sessions during C&SA visits (at university and other organisations eg Government) and offer some remote research co-supervision.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description Improvement of the way an exponentially decaying Flow Duration Curves are fitted to mathematical functions (The Box-Cox transformation) providing an hydrological interpretation of the fit.
Exploitation Route The proposed model can improve mathematical modeling of the FDC to a 3-parameter model that can be used in regional analyses to produce regional regression models for estimating FDC at ungauged sites/locations where development projects are carried out.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink,Education,Energy,Environment

 
Description General information on the description of Luwegu Sub-basin have been useful in changing mind set of water resources management authority (basin personnel) and research community who have thereafter developed interest on the sub-basin after acquiring the information. A river flow monitoring station has been constructed close to its outlet and some modellers are trying to include the sub-basin in the generation of data to assist in estimation of discharge into Stiegler's Gorge.
First Year Of Impact 2017
Sector Environment
Impact Types Societal

 
Description Knowledge of the Luwegu Sub-basin
Geographic Reach Africa 
Policy Influence Type Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health
Impact Rufiji basin in Tanzania comprises four major sub-basins namely Great Ruaha, Kilombero, Luwegu and Lower Rufiji. However, Luwegu sub-basin has been said to be entirely within the Selous Game Reserve (SGR) and as such no other information related to or affecting water environment in the sub-basin is available. Owing to this lack of information, this study initiated the situation analysis of the sub-basin aiming at generating knowledge of the sub-basin, which has a success. A brief report on the sub-basin, which has been shared to the Rufiji basin personnel, has indicated the extent of the areal covered to indicate that 78% of the sub-basin being in the protected areas (SGR and 3 protected forests) and indicated the need for installation of monitoring network for surface water resources. As a result, the Rufiji Basin Water Board installed a gauging station (with automatic data loggers) close to the sub-basin outlet (station name: 1KC3) and effected discharge measurement in December 2017 aiming at producing a rating curve for generation of discharge series that, once analysed, will provide knowledge of the quantity of water in the sub-basin and its intra- and inter-annual variations. The contribution of this is considered a major trigger to changing consideration/practice of the Rufiji Basin Board (managing water resources in Rufiji basin) towards this Luwegu sub-basin, which, with River Kilombero, form the main River Rufiji onto which a large hydropower plant is planned at Stiegler's Gorge.
 
Title Flow duration curve fitting to mathematical Box-Cox model/program 
Description This method of fitting scatter plots of discharge percentiles (QP) against exceedence percents (P) improves the way flow duration curves (FDC) are fitted to mathematical models by employing a Box-Cox transformation techniques (using lambda) in normalizing the QP-P relationship. The model was initially proposed in 2015 for fitting FDC in gauged catchments and a ForTran program has been developed in this UMFULA project that establishes FDC (from time series of discharge data - daily, monthly, annual, etc) and fits the developed FDC to the three parameter Box-Cox FDC model. The model is represented by (QP^lambda - 1)/lambda = a + bP, which is a three parameter model with a and b being linear model parameters and lambda a transformation parameter. This relationship indicates the transformation of discharge QP by a lambda to represent a general power normalization of hydrological processes for runoff formation. This approach improves hydrological interpretation of mathematical FDC models, which mostly rely on normalization of the QP-P relationship although several (e.g. logarithmic models: Q = aln(P) + b) have been transforming the percents P instead of QP, that becomes difficult to interpret hydrologically. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact This method has been employed to fit FDC in gauged catchments in Lake Rukwa and Rufiji basins in Tanzania and establish of regional multiple linear regression (MLR) models for estimation of FDC in ungauged catchments in these basins. It has been useful in estimating full FDC in ungauged catchments in Lake Rukwa, which were used successful in verifying reliability of daily discharges generated by hydrological models through a comparison with FDC from these daily discharges. The verified generated daily discharges were used successfully in water balance study to reproduce historical (1939-2013) fluctuations of Lake Rukwa between January 1939 and December 2013. 
 
Title Flow duration curve fitting to mathematical Box-Cox model/program 
Description This method of fitting scatter plots of discharge percentiles (QP) against exceedence percents (P) improves the way flow duration curves (FDC) are fitted to mathematical models by employing a Box-Cox transformation techniques (using lambda) in normalizing the QP-P relationship. The model was initially proposed in 2015 for fitting FDC in gauged catchments and a ForTran program has been developed in this UMFULA project that establishes FDC (from time series of discharge data - daily, monthly, annual, etc) and fits the developed FDC to the three parameter Box-Cox FDC model. The model is represented by (QP^lambda - 1)/lambda = a + bP, which is a three parameter model with a and b being linear model parameters and lambda a transformation parameter. This relationship indicates the transformation of discharge QP by a lambda to represent a general power normalization of hydrological processes for runoff formation. This approach improves hydrological interpretation of mathematical FDC models, which mostly rely on normalization of the QP-P relationship although several (e.g. logarithmic models: Q = aln(P) + b) have been transforming the percents P instead of QP, that becomes difficult to interpret hydrologically. 
Type Of Material Improvements to research infrastructure 
Year Produced 2017 
Provided To Others? Yes  
Impact This method has been employed to fit FDC in gauged catchments in Lake Rukwa and Rufiji basins in Tanzania and establish of regional multiple linear regression (MLR) models for estimation of FDC in ungauged catchments in these basins. It has been useful in estimating full FDC in ungauged catchments in Lake Rukwa, which were used successful in verifying reliability of daily discharges generated by hydrological models through a comparison with FDC from these daily discharges. The verified generated daily discharges were used successfully in water balance study to reproduce historical (1939-2013) fluctuations of Lake Rukwa between January 1939 and December 2013. 
 
Title SPATIALDATA 
Description Spatial database for Luwegu sub-basin of Rufiji basin is being constructed to include digital boundaries (shapefiles) of the sub-basin and its catchments, digital river networks from 1:50k topo maps, protected (forests, game reserves) and unprotected areas (villages, farms, village forests) within the sub-basin and its catchments and their spatial attributes (areas, slopes, lengths, widths, etc). 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact The database is currently on its final stage of development. However, it is the first time these boundaries and attributes are established. They will have impacts on the management of the sub-basin by Rufiji Basin Water Board from this new information. 
 
Description Formal/informal workgroup exchanges 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact This is a normal way that we have established after a long working experience between us (in the universities) and practitioners in the river basins in Tanzania. The purpose of these exchanges is to updates practitioners of the new issues, findings and information we generate which we think is useful for their daily water resources management and development activities. Owing to their claims of missing information in Luwegu Sub-basin from basin and ministry of water personnel that limiting their decision making capacity, it was one of the objectives of this study to generate and timely share the required information among which is the basin description of water resources as well as other physiographic, ecological and socio-economical characteristics. This information have been verbally communicated to basin personnel and a draft report provided to them. Moreover, same generated information on the understanding of Luwegu Sub-basin is communicated to some universitiy colleagues and students to motivate to undertake studies in Luwegu or similar large ungauged catchments in protected areas of Tanzania. Moreover, through discussions with research group members participating in UMFULA, our team (University of Dar es Salaam) have successfully introduce the Luwegu sub-basin and its economic and ecological importance to those particularly involved in hydrological studies.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017