Delivering a decision-support framework - soilquality.org.uk

Lead Research Organisation: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
Department Name: Centre for Research

Abstract

This project aims to design, develop and implement an innovative web-based decision support platform (soilquality.org.uk) for improved soil management in UK arable and lowland grassland systems. Using levy funding, farmers' demand for tools to manage soil health has been met in Australia through soilquality.org.au. The soilquality.org.au platform, which provides the ability to compare individual test results within a robust decision-support framework, is unique and highly valued by farmers' organisations. Working with collaborators in Australia, we will update, extend, and adapt to UK conditions, the established soil quality monitoring framework - soilquality.org.au. By extending the existing framework using the capabilities of mobile devices, this project will incorporate data from sensed and manually captured indicators, including in the field, to provide timely support and give a farmer-focused analysis of soil conditions.
Our new UK decision support platform (soilquality.org.uk) will integrate interpretation of existing measured soil quality indicators (largely chemical with some physical and biological) together with information on management strategies that can be used to address any identified constraints to production. To develop the platform for the UK we will bring together farmers, consultants, and scientists, within a partnership to support development and delivery of a web-based decision platform that meets the needs of farmers, farming organisations, and policy-makers allowing all stakeholders to take site-specific soil quality issues into account when planning and managing resilient and sustainable crop and grassland production for the long term. The project team is built on strong existing collaborative relationships which have developed and applied soil science within the agricultural industry for over 15 years; an integrated approach will link the strengths of the project team at Newcastle University, SRUC and in the applied research/consultancy (GWCT, ADAS, BGS), with the farming and advisory sectors.
Poor soil management in the UK costs farmers money as a result of lost production and also leads to negative environmental impacts adoption of the soilquality.org.uk framework is expected to significantly reduce these costs. The transformation in approaches to soil management enabled through use of the innovative web-based platform (soilquality.org.uk) will support sustainable productive arable and lowland grassland systems in the UK.

Planned Impact

There are a number of beneficiary groups linked to this project; these are listed below together with a description of the benefit that will be gained

Agricultural industry
- Providing improved evidence to underpin recommendation for adoption and local adaptation of more effective soil management
- Supporting targeted reductions in agricultural inputs (fertilisers, pesticides) by enabling improved understanding and management of soil function supporting crop growth
- Providing a basic toolkit (with clear description of approaches to sampling and analysis with tools for site-specific interpretation) that can be used to screen proposed management practices in terms of impact on soil function

Academia
- New knowledge through the integration of current understanding of the links between soil properties and the ecosystem functions which soils support.
- Developing interdisciplinary expertise by providing integrated methodological approaches for the communication of soil quality information in ways that support decision-support effectively. which may be applied to other industry sectors
- Development of skills portfolio of postdoctoral researchers and research investigators through interdisciplinary approaches that stretch individuals' understanding and skills base
- Enhanced fundamental understanding of links between soil quality and function together with opportunities for agricultural innovation across a range of climates and conditions by working with Australian partners

Public sector - support for evidence based policy-making
- Providing improved evidence to underpin evaluation of impacts of farming practice on soil quality and function within agri-environment schemes
- Providing a toolkit (sampling, analysis, interpretation) that can be used to screen agri-innovations in terms of impact on soil function

Publications

10 25 50
 
Description To develop the soilquality.org.au platform for the UK we brought together farmers, consultants, and scientists, within a partnership to support development and delivery of a web-based decision platform that meets the needs of farmers, farming organisations, and policy-makers allowing all stakeholders to take site-specific soil quality issues into account when planning and managing resilient and sustainable crop and grassland production for the long term. In the first phase we successfully carried out a benchmarking process for existing soil indicators - pH, extractable P, extractable K, extractable Mg, visual assessment of soil structure and soil organic matter - which provided suggested ranges and targets/thresholds for these indicators. In the second phase we tested the practical protocols for the collection of these data on-farm and in the final phase we have piloted a visual approach to data benchmarking in Soil Quality Scorecard Dashboards.

The project delivered an output that was valued by farmer and other stakeholder testers. Users found the site relatively intuitive to use to support the interpretation of data and to guide soil management. The majority of users felt that the information would be used in discussion with others and aid site-specific decision-making; discussion in farmer benchmarking groups and with an agronomist were both identified as key routes for learning and identifying the best combinations of soil-improving practices to put into place on their particular farm. On-farm advisors saw an opportunity to use such tools within farmer discussion groups: "I would definitely be keen to use this within the setting of my Facilitation Group. I like the very visual presentation."
Exploitation Route The combination of physical, chemical and biological inidicators together with the appropriate ranges and targets/ thresholds into soil quality scorecards are already being applied in other projects seeking to measure / test soil quality in farming systems.

The broad approach has been adopted via AHDB, especially within the 5-year (2017-2021) Soil Biology and Soil Health Research and Knowledge Exchange Partnership.

AHDB expressed an interest, and would like to be associated with the tool, if it is to be further developed in the future. NRM and Anglian Water have also expressed an interest in the further development of the tool to support interpretation of soil quality measures and the provision of decision-support for farmers seeking to adopt soil-improving practices.

Additionally, the tool could be developed to support on-farm monitoring linked to the new Farming Rules for Water and/or to collate data from on-farm monitoring to provide an industry database that would help inform DEFRA's 25 year environment plan objectives, similarly to the way in which the Professional Agricultural Analyst's Group (PAAG) provide a simple digest of the results of soil samples submitted for analysis annually. Some initial discussions have taken place with Defra's ELMS team - but the proposal for further development of the approach in this context is currently on hold.

The focus in this project has been on lowland agriculture and on mineral soils; but similar approaches could be developed for soil management in lowland peat soils, upland areas and other sectors e.g. orchards, amenity.
Sectors Agriculture, Food and Drink

 
Description The research has underpinned the use of a soil health scorecard approach within famring assurance schemes from 2023 and aligns with policy developments under the Sustainnalbe Farming Incentive (SFI) standards within ELMs
Sector Agriculture, Food and Drink
Impact Types Policy & public services

 
Description AHDB Soil Biology and Health Research Partnership
Amount £1,000,000 (GBP)
Organisation Agricultural and Horticulture Development Board 
Sector Charity/Non Profit
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2017 
End 12/2021
 
Description NEC06484 UK: mySoil-sample, crowdsourcing digital soil data from industry and policy
Amount £124,822 (GBP)
Funding ID NE/R009244/1 
Organisation Natural Environment Research Council 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 01/2018 
End 06/2019
 
Title Farmer pilot - soil quality indicators dataset 
Description Data collected with farmer groups Soil properties data collected in the field Results of laboratory analysis of soil samples collected Site location and management data 
Type Of Material Database/Collection of data 
Year Produced 2019 
Provided To Others? No  
Impact None yet -database is in use to develop the pilot interpretative outcomes 
 
Description Expert group - soil indicators 
Organisation Royal Agricultural University (RAU)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Meeting organisation Workshop structure and consultation
Collaborator Contribution Workshop attendance Discussion
Impact None yet
Start Year 2016
 
Description Expert group - soil indicators 
Organisation Wye and Usk Foundation
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Meeting organisation Workshop structure and consultation
Collaborator Contribution Workshop attendance Discussion
Impact None yet
Start Year 2016
 
Description Faciliation of farmer pilots 
Organisation Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust (GWCT)
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Co-working with the partner to engage with an existing farm business group as a pilot group for this project
Collaborator Contribution Group co-ordination; meeting room provision
Impact Active farmer pilot group
Start Year 2016
 
Description Faciliation of farmer pilots 
Organisation SAC Consulting Ltd
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Private 
PI Contribution Expert input to farmer meetings Access to information / pilot software ahead of market
Collaborator Contribution Co-ordination of farmer group (building on existing links) Facilitation of meetings
Impact IFS Proceedings publication - Proceedings 824
Start Year 2016
 
Title Soil Quality Scorecard Dashboard 
Description Soil Quality Dashboard (SQD) takes the data from a database (created separately) which holds a mixture of in-field observations and laboratory reported soil tests and then uses these data within a pilot web-based platform which: • provides information on the measurement and interpretation of the selected soil quality indicators together with information on management to address constraints to production. • gives users opportunity to compare site-specific soil quality data with data collected in the region / soil type, to explore data relationships and to understand site-specific soil quality issues. 
Type Of Technology Webtool/Application 
Year Produced 2019 
Impact Valued output by farmer and other stakeholder testers. Users found the site relatively intuitive to use to support the interpretation of data and to guide soil management. The majority of users felt that the information would be used in discussion with others and aid site-specific decision-making; discussion in farmer benchmarking groups and with an agronomist were both identified as key routes for learning and identifying the best combinations of soil-improving practices to put into place on their particular farm. On-farm advisors saw an opportunity to use such tools within farmer discussion groups: "I would definitely be keen to use this within the setting of my Facilitation Group. I like the very visual presentation." 
 
Description Expert group informing indicator sets 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Expert group bringing information together to inform the selection of indicators for use in the pilot phase and the derivation of targets/ thresholds for use in benchmarking
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
 
Description Farmers' Weekly interview and article 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Industry/Business
Results and Impact Farmers Weekly interview and follow up article which featured the project - 3rd June 2016
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
 
Description Stakeholder engagement groups 
Form Of Engagement Activity A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Regional workshops (6) which promoted discussion about the project, the intended outputs and soil quality measurement on farm. The outputs helped shape the web tool design; many of the farmers and industry stakeholders engaged in this project have subsequently become involved in other soil quality / heath work including as AHDB monitor farmers.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016,2017