Development and validation of the first environmental risk assessment tool to protect against selection for antimicrobial resistance in situ
Lead Research Organisation:
University of Exeter
Department Name: Institute of Biomed & Clinical Science
Abstract
Antibiotics pose a contemporary pollution challenge to the natural environment by selecting for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has far-reaching societal and economic implications for human and animal health, food security and environmental protection. Without improving our antimicrobial stewardship and the antibiotic development pipeline, it has been predicted that by 2050 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will be the leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in 10 million deaths annually[1]. AMR is also a significant burden on the global economy. The World Bank Group has estimated that by 2050, AMR will annually reduce global GBP and global exports by up to 3.8%, each. Effects on healthcare and food security will also be massive, with an additional $700 billion required for healthcare costs annually and a decline in livestock production of up to 7.5% per year[2]. For these reasons, Chief Medical Officer Dame Sally Davies has likened the AMR threat to climate change, and campaigned for it to be added to the National Risk Register[3].
This research will tackle the AMR threat using the One Health approach. Currently, there are extremely few data pertaining to the selective hazard posed by antibiotics in the environment, and no standardised test to generate this data is available. Cutting edge technologies which detect AMR genes in whole bacterial communities (next-generation sequencing) and accurately quantify numbers of these genes (parallel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)) will be used to generate 'big data' to improve fundamental, scientific understanding of selection for AMR. This will be used to develop and validate an assay with the potential to become an OECD recognised ecotoxicological test, which assesses the hazard posed by antimicrobials in their potential to select for AMR - the first test of its kind. Significant collaborators include Defra, AstraZeneca (who recently provided recommendations to the Life Sciences Industrial Strategy) and the waste water company Severn Trent. Defra will advise on policy making processes to ensure the research is impactful on a national scale. AstraZeneca will offer expertise in ecotoxicological testing, current legislation and regulation practices; and inform the research to maximise impact. Severn Trent will use this data to inform their own innovative AMR research programme, provide waste water samples for experiments and facilitate direct engagement with the waste water industry.
The benefits of this assay are significant and numerous, and include improved resource management via lowered resource and energy consumption compared to many current ecotoxicological tests. The rapidity of the test could reduce the time required for novel drugs to reach market and prolong novel antibiotic lifetime by establishing which drugs may already have naturally-occurring resistance mechanisms for selection to act upon. Including this assay during drug development would reduce any reputational risks associated with antibiotics and pollution, whilst ensuring new investments are environmentally responsible. The assay would contribute to a resilient economy, bringing positive economic impacts to drug development (potentially reducing the fiscal interventions which may be required to address the current antibiotic market failure, as detailed in the Life Sciences Industrial Strategy[4]), long-term drug efficacy (and associated benefits to healthcare and food security); and by safeguarding ecosystem services through confirming water which is returned to the environment is safe and/or reusable, and poses minimal risk of further development of AMR.
References: 1. O'Neill (2014). 2. World Bank Group (2017). 3. HRMG (2015). 4. Bell (2017).
This research will tackle the AMR threat using the One Health approach. Currently, there are extremely few data pertaining to the selective hazard posed by antibiotics in the environment, and no standardised test to generate this data is available. Cutting edge technologies which detect AMR genes in whole bacterial communities (next-generation sequencing) and accurately quantify numbers of these genes (parallel real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)) will be used to generate 'big data' to improve fundamental, scientific understanding of selection for AMR. This will be used to develop and validate an assay with the potential to become an OECD recognised ecotoxicological test, which assesses the hazard posed by antimicrobials in their potential to select for AMR - the first test of its kind. Significant collaborators include Defra, AstraZeneca (who recently provided recommendations to the Life Sciences Industrial Strategy) and the waste water company Severn Trent. Defra will advise on policy making processes to ensure the research is impactful on a national scale. AstraZeneca will offer expertise in ecotoxicological testing, current legislation and regulation practices; and inform the research to maximise impact. Severn Trent will use this data to inform their own innovative AMR research programme, provide waste water samples for experiments and facilitate direct engagement with the waste water industry.
The benefits of this assay are significant and numerous, and include improved resource management via lowered resource and energy consumption compared to many current ecotoxicological tests. The rapidity of the test could reduce the time required for novel drugs to reach market and prolong novel antibiotic lifetime by establishing which drugs may already have naturally-occurring resistance mechanisms for selection to act upon. Including this assay during drug development would reduce any reputational risks associated with antibiotics and pollution, whilst ensuring new investments are environmentally responsible. The assay would contribute to a resilient economy, bringing positive economic impacts to drug development (potentially reducing the fiscal interventions which may be required to address the current antibiotic market failure, as detailed in the Life Sciences Industrial Strategy[4]), long-term drug efficacy (and associated benefits to healthcare and food security); and by safeguarding ecosystem services through confirming water which is returned to the environment is safe and/or reusable, and poses minimal risk of further development of AMR.
References: 1. O'Neill (2014). 2. World Bank Group (2017). 3. HRMG (2015). 4. Bell (2017).
Publications
Djenadi K
(2018)
Carbapenem resistance in bacteria isolated from soil and water environments in Algeria.
in Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
Hayes A
(2022)
Predicting selection for antimicrobial resistance in UK wastewater and aquatic environments: Ciprofloxacin poses a significant risk.
in Environment international
Murray AK
(2021)
Dawning of a new ERA: Environmental Risk Assessment of antibiotics and their potential to select for antimicrobial resistance.
in Water research
Murray AK
(2020)
The Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak: Global Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance.
in Frontiers in microbiology
Murray AK
(2019)
Comparing the selective and co-selective effects of different antimicrobials in bacterial communities.
in International journal of antimicrobial agents
Murray AK
(2020)
The 'SELection End points in Communities of bacTeria' (SELECT) Method: A Novel Experimental Assay to Facilitate Risk Assessment of Selection for Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment.
in Environmental health perspectives
Stanton IC
(2020)
Evolution of antibiotic resistance at low antibiotic concentrations including selection below the minimal selective concentration.
in Communications biology
Zhang L
(2019)
Novel clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes associated with sewage sludge and industrial waste streams revealed by functional metagenomic screening.
in Environment international
Description | The SELECT method is a rapid and cost-effective method, the first of its kind, that could be routinely used to perform environmental risk assessment of antibiotics and development of 'safe' thresholds of antibiotics (environmental quality standards) in the environment. It has been experimentally and statistically validated to be a reliable proxy for selection for key antibiotic resistance genes in communities of bacteria. |
Exploitation Route | The SELECT method can be used for determining minimal selective concentrations of antibiotics and informing environmental risk assessment and environmental quality standards. This would make a good candidate for an OECD test guideline or an ISO. Other applications (surveillance, drug development) are still being explored. Data to date suggest that not all antibiotics pose equal risk in terms of selection for resistance and this may even differ within antibiotic classes, though further work is needed. Further study is required by the academic and industrial communities to understand the relative contributions of antibiotics and other antimicrobials in the selection for antimicrobial resistance, as well as mixture effects. |
Sectors | Agriculture, Food and Drink,Chemicals,Environment,Healthcare,Manufacturing, including Industrial Biotechology,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Description | Presentation to the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Antibiotics on the SELECT method (Murray et al. 2020) and environmental risk assessment. At the end of the meeting, Baroness Bennett thanked us for the presentation on "world-leading research, that was a balance of science and innovation with practical implementation". As a result, three members of the House of Lords committed to raising the issue of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the environment and water quality to amend the Environment Bill, due to pass through the House of Lords late 2020/early 2021. This was through a letter to the Secretary of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in January 2021. Unfortunately no changes were made. Experimental data considered when deciding the inclusion of the antibiotics trimethoprim (Murray et al. 2020) and sulfamethoxazole (unpublished) on the EU Commissions's Water Framework Directive's 'Watch List'. Invited to present on Pharmaceuticals in the Environment in England & Wales at the House of Lords on an expert consultation led by Baroness Bennett on a new 'Green Pills' Bill. I am aware the AMR Industry Alliance are trialling the SELECT method at a different lab within the UK. |
First Year Of Impact | 2020 |
Sector | Chemicals,Environment,Government, Democracy and Justice,Pharmaceuticals and Medical Biotechnology |
Impact Types | Policy & public services |
Description | Antibiotics on the EU Commission Water Framework Directive Watch List of Hazardous Substances |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Contribution to a national consultation/review |
Impact | Research shared with the European Environment Agency (EEA) and European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) informed policy and regulation on AMR and the environment. The data published in the SELECT paper (2020) and unpublished data resulted in trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole being included on the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD)'s Priority Hazardous Substances Watch List (EU) 2020/1161. This lists potential aquatic pollutants that should be carefully monitored by EU member states to determine the risk they pose to the aquatic environment, and whether they should be subject to EU Environmental Quality Standards (EQS). In the 3rd Watch List it states, "We are grateful to William H. Gaze (ECEHH) and to Caroline Whalley and other European Environment Agency (EEA) colleagues for providing helpful information on antibiotics." |
URL | https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC121346/third_watch_list_report_pdf.pdf |
Description | Calling for amendments to the Environment Bill with letter from APPG on Antibiotics to Secretary of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs following Nov 2020 APPG meeting |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Implementation circular/rapid advice/letter to e.g. Ministry of Health |
Description | Citation of 'Dawning of a new ERA' review paper by UNEP |
Geographic Reach | Multiple continents/international |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://www.unep.org/resources/report/summary-policymakers-environmental-dimensions-antimicrobial-re... |
Description | Citation of IJAA co-selection paper |
Geographic Reach | Europe |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
Description | Cited in Environment Agency report, "Framework for understanding environmental antimicrobial resistance in England" |
Geographic Reach | National |
Policy Influence Type | Citation in other policy documents |
URL | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/9280... |
Description | Characterisation of novel substances in wastewater that select for antimicrobial resistance |
Amount | $117,288 (AUD) |
Organisation | University of Exeter |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2020 |
End | 12/2022 |
Description | Determining concentrations of substances which influence development of AMR |
Amount | £36,953 (GBP) |
Funding ID | SC220007 |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2022 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | Developing a conceptual framework to improve understanding of AMR in livestock systems: translating research into policy and practice |
Amount | £987,216 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/T004452/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 07/2019 |
End | 05/2022 |
Description | Development of an assay to determine MSCs of antifungals |
Amount | £4,901 (GBP) |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2021 |
End | 05/2021 |
Description | Experimental approaches for determining selective concentrations of antifungals |
Amount | £134,409 (GBP) |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2022 |
End | 03/2023 |
Description | Exploring antibiotic use practices in livestock production through a novel, game-based approach; GAMR |
Amount | £5,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | GW4 |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2020 |
End | 07/2021 |
Description | Exploring understudied aspects of antimicrobial resistance evolution to improve environmental pollution policy |
Amount | £649,825 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/W006251/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 08/2022 |
End | 08/2025 |
Description | Investigating selection and co-selection for antimicrobial resistance by non-antibiotic drugs and plant protection products |
Amount | £100,279 (GBP) |
Funding ID | BB/T508330/1 |
Organisation | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 09/2019 |
End | 09/2023 |
Description | Investigating selection for antimicrobial resistance by nonantibiotic drugs in freshwater microbial communities |
Amount | £87,926 (GBP) |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2019 |
End | 09/2023 |
Description | Potential co-selection for antimicrobial resistance by biocides used in shale gas extraction |
Amount | £8,705 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NBAF1248 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2020 |
End | 03/2020 |
Description | QUEX Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Alliance: A new approach to AMR surveillance |
Amount | £30,000 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Exeter |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 10/2018 |
End | 10/2019 |
Description | Royal Society of Biology Outreach and Engagement Grant |
Amount | £440 (GBP) |
Organisation | Royal Society of Biology (RSB) |
Sector | Charity/Non Profit |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 01/2019 |
End | 04/2019 |
Description | Selection for antimicrobial resistance by plant protection products - analysis of established experimental field sites |
Amount | £9,183 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/T014326/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 04/2020 |
End | 03/2021 |
Description | Standard grant (New Investigator): Exploring understudied aspects of antimicrobial resistance evolution to improve environmental pollution policy |
Amount | £812,282 (GBP) |
Funding ID | NE/W006251/1 |
Organisation | Natural Environment Research Council |
Sector | Public |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 05/2022 |
End | 04/2025 |
Description | Understanding agricultural azole use, impacts on local water bodies and AMR |
Amount | £3,986 (GBP) |
Organisation | University of Bristol |
Sector | Academic/University |
Country | United Kingdom |
Start | 02/2021 |
End | 07/2021 |
Title | The SELECT method |
Description | This method can be used to determine the lowest concentration of a compound that selects for antimicrobial resistance. It is rapid, robust and cost-effective. |
Type Of Material | Technology assay or reagent |
Year Produced | 2020 |
Provided To Others? | Yes |
Impact | Contacted by the Environment Agency to conduct follow up exploratory work to adapt the SELECT method for assessing selection for antifungal resistance. Invited to present to the AMR Industry Alliance, potential collaboration being explored. Invited to present to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Antibiotics, resulting in a letter being sent to the Secretary for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs requesting commitments to risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance is made in the Environment Bill currently passing through parliament. |
URL | https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP6635 |
Description | Developing an assay to determine MSCs of antifungals |
Organisation | Environment Agency |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Public |
PI Contribution | I supervised the overall content and direction of the Environment Agency report arising from this collaboration, as well as the scientific publication that arose from this work. Mycology experts at the University of Exeter also contributed to this work, which formed a new internal collaboration. |
Collaborator Contribution | We were approached by the Environment Agency to explore using the SELECT method to determine selective concentrations of antifungals. They commissioned us to write a report on this, which was written by a research technician we employed with input from several members of the environment agency on content, format etc. These authors have also contributed to the scientific publication. |
Impact | An environment agency report and scientific paper, both yet to be published. This spanned the disciplines of bacteriology, mycology, environmental risk assessment and ecotoxicology. |
Start Year | 2021 |
Description | Potential co-selection for antimicrobial resistance by biocides used in shale gas extraction |
Organisation | University of Manchester |
Country | United Kingdom |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I was PI on our successful NBAF Pilot Project; "NBAF1248 - Potential co-selection for antimicrobial resistance by biocides used in shale gas extraction". I will perform bioinformatics analyses of the samples. |
Collaborator Contribution | The Co-I (Sophie Nixon) reviewed the application before submission. Her team has collected the samples and extracted the DNA. She will also perform some bioinformatics analyses. |
Impact | None yet. |
Start Year | 2019 |
Description | QUEX Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Alliance: A new approach to AMR surveillance |
Organisation | University of Queensland |
Country | Australia |
Sector | Academic/University |
PI Contribution | I am primary Exeter based supervisor for student Leah Clarke who will be using the assay being developed as part of my NERC fellowship award will be used directly to test for selective mixtures of antibiotics and other chemicals in waste water samples collected in Australia over the last 10 years. I am performing bioinformatics analyses of 21 samples sequenced by our collaborators. The sequencing was funded by a joint QUEX Accelerator grant application. |
Collaborator Contribution | Prof Kevin Thomas is the primary supervisor for PhD student Leah Clarke. Prof Thomas' group collected the environmental samples and sent them for sequencing. The sequencing was funded by a joint QUEX Accelerator grant application. |
Impact | This is a multi-disciplinary collaboration across microbiology, analytical chemistry and environmental risk assessment. To date it has yielded a successful QUEX Accelerator grant and QUEX PhD scholarship. Another QUEX PhD scholarship has since been submitted. |
Start Year | 2018 |
Description | Consultancy presentation to Pfizer / Arnold & Porter |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I was approached to give a 'state of the science' presentation on environmental AMR, specifically about derivation of PNECs. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
Description | Contributing expert for horizon scanning exercise by Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I responded to a Horizon Scanning exercise: Life beyond COVID-19: What are experts concerned about?. In this report, antimicrobial resistance is mentioned, "Some experts also suggest there may be an increase in antimicrobial resistance over the next decade from greater use of antibiotics and antivirals during and following the COVID-19 outbreak." I am listed as a contributing expert. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://post.parliament.uk/life-beyond-covid-19-what-are-experts-concerned-about/ |
Description | Elected Ordinary Member for British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Elected Ordinary Member for the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for a three year term |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022,2023 |
Description | Houses of Parliament - UK AMR research exhibition |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I was invited to present my NERC Fellowship research by the event organiser as part of an exhibition at the Houses of Parliament showcasing the top research into antimicrobial resistance currently ongoing within the UK. I was exhibiting under the 'Environment' section, highlighting the importance of the environment in the development, transmission and emergence of antimicrobial resistance. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/superbugs-registration-92717521603# |
Description | Invited panel member, EHMA conference 2020. "Environmental Sustainability in the Health Care Sector: A shared ambition and collective efforts" |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I was invited to be an expert panel member, to highlight the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance to primarily medical practitioners. Through this I met Joan Tell at Merck and part of the AMR Industry Alliance, who invited me to present to the AMR Industry Alliance. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Invited presentation at Cefas AMR Reference Centre, UK |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Other audiences |
Results and Impact | Presented fellowship research in talk titled, "A novel method to determine effect concentrations of antibiotics that select for antibiotic resistance." |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited presentation at knowledge exchange meeting |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I presented my fellowship work to policymakers and other stakeholders at the Knowledge Exchange meeting organised by Prof William Gaze. As a result, I have been in contact with stakeholders at Defra and GSK to collaborate on two different research projects. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
Description | Invited presentation at the University of Manchester |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | I was invited by a fellow NERC Industrial Innovation Fellow to present at their seminar series at the University of Manchester (title, "Selection for antibiotic resistance in the environment."), covering PhD and fellowship research. We met afterwards and since submitted an application for a pilot project which was subsequently funded. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Invited presentation, "AMR in water systems", GW4 Water Security Alliance webinar series |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I presented my fellowship work followed by discussion which led to new connections being made with policy makers. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://gw4water.com/events/gw4-wsa-webinar-series/ |
Description | Invited presentation, "Environmental risk assessment and the SELECT method", to the AMR Industry Alliance |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I presented the novel SELECT method to the AMR Industry Alliance. We discussed possible ways to collaborate on research in the future. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2021 |
Description | Invited to House of Lords |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Invited to present on Pharmaceuticals in the Environment in England and Wales and their impacts on antimicrobial resistance, and participate in expert consultation on a new Bill to reduce pharmaceutical pollution in the environment. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
Description | Invited to present at All Party Parliamentary Group for Antibiotics |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | I was invited to present the SELECT method, developed at part of this fellowship and published late 2020, to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Antibiotics at their November 2020 meeting, alongside two colleagues from Exeter. The meeting was titled, "Antibiotic residues in sewage and agricultural run-off: can we determine safe thresholds to combat deadly superbugs?" Following the presentation we discussed how the research could be used to inform and amend the Environment Bill currently moving through Parliament. As a result, the APPG on Antibiotics wrote a letter to the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs asking that, "Specifically, the APPG proposes amending the Bill so that the government: • commits to establishing routine testing for antimicrobial residues in sewage and agricultural run-off • commits to establishing safe thresholds for antimicrobial residues in sewage and agricultural run-off" There are currently no mentions of antimicrobial resistance, bacteria, antibiotics etc in the Environment Bill. We are awaiting a response. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://appg-on-antibiotics.com/assets/Report-APPGMeeting2020-16122020.pdf |
Description | Joining the UK delegation at the Validation Meeting Group for Ecotoxicity (VMG-eco) at the OECD's Headquarters in Paris |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Professional Practitioners |
Results and Impact | Following a competitive application, I attended the VMG-Eco meeting at the OECD Headquarters as part of the UK delegation with Ionna Katsiadaki (Cefas) and Chris Green (Defra), who mentored me for the event. I received £750 to cover my travel and accommodation. I had to familiarise myself with all the test guidelines and documents to be discussed on the agenda and took notes which I wrote up for Chris Green as a meeting summary. I introduced myself to the VMG-Eco and my fellowship work, including my interest in taking forward the assay as an OECD test guideline. I wrote a blog on my experience which was published by SETAC UK. It was an incredibly valuable experience to learn about the actual process for having a test guideline developed and tested. Since the meeting I have kept in contact with Chris Green, who is the National Coordinator of Test Guidelines for the UK, with the aim to take forward my fellowship assay to the OECD members in the future to garner support for submission of a SPSF (Standard Protocol Submission Form). This is the first step in having a guideline approved. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
URL | https://www.setacuk.com/news |
Description | Online interview for AZO Life Sciences about the SELECT method |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I was asked to be interviewed about the SELECT method for an online piece. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2020 |
URL | https://www.azolifesciences.com/news/20201104/Developing-a-new-method-to-reduce-antibiotic-resistanc... |
Description | Outreach programme - Raising Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance and One Health in Cornish Key Stage 4 Students |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | A total of 15 Cornish secondary schools participated in this event where a 1 - 2 hours science lesson was designed by myself and a Masters Student to teach about antimicrobial resistance and One Health. The Masters student, other postgraduate students and NHS/PHE workers delivered the sessions through support from the Cornwall Antimicrobial Resistance Group (CARG). 5 schools were selected for a pilot study to assess the success of the lesson in improving understanding, assessed through a series of questionnaires. Teachers present at all the sessions were also asked to complete a questionnaire to give their opinion on the success of the lesson. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
URL | https://www.rsb.org.uk/events?event_id=2596 |
Description | Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Risks in low and middle income countries workshop, Kenya |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I was invited to attend the above workshop to contribute to the "Environmental Dimension of AMR" working group. At the meeting, I made contacts with several potential collaborators including from academia and industry (GSK). |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2019 |
Description | Platform presentation at the Annual SETAC European Conference (Rome) |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Industry/Business |
Results and Impact | I presented a combination of PhD and fellowship work in a platform presentation format. Afterwards several members of the audience from academia as well as policy makers and industry members came to ask further questions and gave positive comments about the work. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |
Description | Publication used as the basis for a written question from Baroness Bennett to Defra |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Publication used as the basis for a written question from Baroness Bennett to Defra |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2022-10-13/HL2578/ |
Description | Publication used as the basis for a written question from Baroness Bennett to Department of Health and Social Care |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A talk or presentation |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | National |
Primary Audience | Policymakers/politicians |
Results and Impact | Publication used as the basis for a written question from Baroness Bennett to Department of Health and Social Care |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2023 |
URL | https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2023-01-11/hl4650 |
Description | Quoted by the times |
Form Of Engagement Activity | A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | International |
Primary Audience | Public/other audiences |
Results and Impact | Quoted in The Times, commenting on report on AMR in water near farms, by Alliance to Save our Antibiotics, Fera Science and Bureau of Investigative Journalism. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2022 |
URL | https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-found-in-rivers-near-pig-and-poultr... |
Description | Workshop on "Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment" at the International Women in STEM day organised by Next Steps South West |
Form Of Engagement Activity | Participation in an activity, workshop or similar |
Part Of Official Scheme? | No |
Geographic Reach | Regional |
Primary Audience | Schools |
Results and Impact | I delivered a workshop on antimicrobial resistance to college and secondary school students to encourage their participation in STEMM subjects in higher education, particularly the female students. |
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity | 2018 |