LEGO Chart of Nuclides: Inspiring Future Physicists

Lead Research Organisation: University of York
Department Name: Physics

Abstract

Nuclear Physics is crucial in many branches of medicine and for power generation, as well as being a large area of fundamental research. However, it often has negative connotations and the subject is not well understood. The present project aims to use a hands-on LEGO activity to engage school students and teachers with the underlying principles of nuclear physics and to allow them to discover how these fundamental properties of matter lead to the development of applications. By demonstrating the links between Nuclear Physics and areas such as astrophysics, fusion and fission energy, medicine, and accelerator technologies, the project aims to inspire a new generation of nuclear physicists.

Teachers and school students will be introduced to the topic by active STFC researchers, who will be trained in public engagement to allow them to communicate their research effectively to non-specialists. A high researcher to student/teacher ratio will ensure that all participants will have the opportunity to speak to a researcher on an individual basis, and thus learn first-hand what modern nuclear research entails. The opportunity for students, in particular, to meet current researchers and find out about cutting edge science aims to both dispel myths and encourage the students to continue to study Physics to a higher level.

Teacher workshops will be developed and delivered in association with the National Science Learning Centre and, in addition to being curriculum linked, will include current developments in the field and will highlight the role of STFC facilities, including CERN-ISOLDE, GSI-FAIR, GANIL-SPIRAL2, and GAIA.

The project will initially run as a pilot project and has the potential to be expanded into a national programme for teachers, with resource kits (including the LEGO) available on loan.

Planned Impact

Initial awareness raising of the project with schools will be through the network of schools already engaged with Physics outreach from the University of York. Currently 50 secondary schools across Yorkshire are signed up to the mailing list, and further schools can be contacted through the Institute of Physics and Ogden Trust networks. Teachers will be recruited by the National Science Learning Centre, which gives the project national reach. In addition, in utilising the activity for courses run at the National Science Learning Centre, we are not only introducing teachers to this resource, but workshop leaders and observers from a range of backgrounds including other Universities and STFC facilities.

Project details will be disseminated through e-news from the STFC Particle and Nuclear Physics Outreach Officer and to other Universities through the network of Ogden Science Officers, which span Universities across the UK. A report on the project will be delivered in the July 2016 meeting of the group, of which Katherine Leech is a member. Good practice will also be communicated through the Institute of Physics (IOP). Christian Diget is a member of the IOP Nuclear Physics Group and sits on the committee of the Astroparticle Physics Group, and Katherine Leech sits on the Yorkshire Branch Committee. We hope that, in engaging a range of organisations in the project at this pilot stage, they may become more involved should the project be rolled out nationwide in the future.

Members of the project team will be easily contacted through the University of York's webpage, which will have a page dedicated to this project. Our evaluation data will be made available through this to enable other groups to set up similar projects. Resources developed will also be available to download from the site, and will be disseminated to teachers through the National Science Learning Centre and National STEM Centre e-library.
 
Description Binding Blocks - University visits and widening participation 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact University visits and widening participation (~700 participants):
Physics 50th Anniversary (~100 participants, Jan 2016); York College visit (~30, Mar 2016); Widening Participation event (~20, Mar 2016); University Open Days (~250, June 2016); Schools Physicists of the Year Awards (~200, June 2016); Widening Participation (~50, July 2016); Girls in Physics (12 participants, Aug 2016); Physics Review Anniversary (~100, Oct 2016).
Most of the visits were dominated by students in secondary schools. For each of the schools events, (part of) a Binding Blocks nuclear (Segre) chart was built by the participants, while undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, and/or academics discuss foundational nuclear physics principles (including constituents of nuclei, decay and energy) in conjunction with cutting edge research across fundamental nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics, as well as nuclear applications and nuclear medicine. The school students were very engaged in the activity, and reported learning of - and inspiration towards engaging further with - nuclear physics. Undergraduate and Postgraduate students (taking part in) delivering the events reported a greater confidence in communicating this area of physics. Visiting professionals, including those from the industry, showed a strong interest in the concepts, and a number of these participants requested further information for future engagement in the programme.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Public Events 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public events 2016 (~10,000 participants):
Regional Big Bang Fair (2000+, Doncaster, June 2016); Family Fringe Day (1000+, June 2016); Three Minutes to Midnight (~200, June 2016); STFC Science Up Close Open Day (7000+ people, Daresbury Laboratory, July 2016); iThemba LABS Open Day (~150, Cape Town, South Africa, Sep 2016); Nuclear Science Day (~40, University of Guelph, Canada, Oct 2016).
For each of the public events, a Binding Blocks nuclear (Segre) chart was built by the participants, while undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, and academics discuss foundational nuclear physics principles (including constituents of nuclei, decay and energy) in conjunction with cutting edge research across fundamental nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics, as well as nuclear applications and nuclear medicine. The members of the public were very engaged in the activity, and both children and adults alike showed a great interest in the underlying physics and applications.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Schools Events 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Schools events 2016 (~160 participants):
Star Gazing, St Peter's School, York (~100, Jan 2016); Huntington School (~20, Mar 2016); Queen Ethelburga's School (~20, Mar 2016); Morsø Gymnasium, Denmark (~25, Dec 2016). For each of the schools events, (part of) a Binding Blocks nuclear (Segre) chart was built by the participants, while undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, and/or academics discuss foundational nuclear physics principles (including constituents of nuclei, decay and energy) in conjunction with cutting edge research across fundamental nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics, as well as nuclear applications and nuclear medicine. The school students were very engaged in the activity, and reported learning of - and inspiration towards engaging further with - nuclear physics. The sessions were furthermore integrated into the curriculum as an integral part of the students' learning of the material. Undergraduate and Postgraduate students (taking part in) delivering the events reported a greater confidence in communicating this area of physics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Student and Academic Promotion and Training 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Student and Academic promotion and training 2016 (~700 students and academics):
Department of Physics student-training day (~40 participants, May 2016). Institute of Physics Nuclear Physics Conference (~120, Liverpool, Apr 2016), Geometric Models of Nuclear Matter (~40, Canterbury, Sep 2016), International Nuclear Physics Conference (~400, Adelaide, Australia, Sep 2016), NUSTAR Week (~100, York, Sep 2016). Student-training day (Hull University, Nov 2016). Participation in conferences has yielded an international engagement in the Binding Blocks programme, with overseas funding currently being sought by collaborators and several public events already run overseas. Student training has developed the local UK team and thereby facilitated the numerous external events delivered subsequently.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Teacher Training 2016 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Teacher Training Events organised jointly with the National STEM Learning Centre 2016 (~130 teachers and technicians): Full science programme for CERN Teachers Day (~50, NSLC, June 2016) and workshop at York Physics Day (~20, NSLC, June 2016). Contributions to three other courses at NSLC (June 2016): New and Aspiring Primary Science Specialists (~25); Wakefield Academy Group Course (~15); and School Technicians Course (~20). For each of the training events, a 7 metre Binding Blocks nuclear (Segre) chart was wither built by the participants or engaged with, while undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers, academics, and/or learning specialists discuss the foundational nuclear physics principles (including constituents of nuclei, decay and energy) in conjunction with cutting edge research across fundamental nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics, as well as nuclear applications and nuclear medicine. The school teachers were very engaged in the activity, and developed ideas for integration into the physics curriculum (as well as mathematics and chemistry) at both GCSE and A-level. Undergraduate and Postgraduate students (taking part in) delivering the events reported a greater confidence in communicating this area of physics. Staff members at the NSLC were furthermore impacted by the scale of the display, and organisers (at NSLC) reported a general buzz among staff members as a result of this.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Training Day 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Training event for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers from across the UK, for implementation of Binding Blocks Nuclear Masterclasses and other Public Engagement events across the UK. Primary content designed and delivered by the York Nuclear Physics Group, and with additional mini-workshops by participating Nuclear Physics groups from across the UK.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Training at the ANSTT Workshop, iThemba LABS, South Africa 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Training event for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers from across Southern Africa, for triggering the implementation of Binding Blocks Nuclear Masterclasses and other Public Engagement events across Southern Africa, in particular South Africa, Botswana, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Content designed and delivered by the York Nuclear Physics Group.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Website 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Binding Blocks website (developed 2016). This includes event tracking and embedded twitter feed.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/bindingblocks/
 
Description Binding Blocks Youtube Channel 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Development of video material available on the Binding Blocks YouTube channel. These videos include: Binding Blocks Promotional Video; Binding Blocks Introduction; Tour of the Stable Isotopes; Path to Stability; Fragmentation: Ni58 to Co-52; and Isotopic abundance simulation this NuGrid. Apart from the impact on schools, students, teachers, collaborators, and the public, requests for further participation includes contact from Channel4 producer Wall-to-Wall, resulting in contributions to the Child-Genius 2017 show, to be screened in 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2016
URL https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvIXlFgJyGh4Jle_4_KE2aA
 
Description British Science Festival (Hull) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact At least 500 members of the public engaged with the Binding Blocks Nuclear Astrophysics stand at the British Science Festival in Hull, 2018. Delivery led by the astrophysics group at U. of Hull, with contributions from the Binding Blocks programme at York.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description CERN Teacher Training at the National STEM Learning Centre 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Development and delivery of full content for a day of training in Nuclear Physics as a post-CERN-visit training programme for secondary and primary school teachers in Physics and broader sciences.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description CERN Teachers Day at the National STEM Learning Centre 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Professional Practitioners
Results and Impact Training and inspiring of 40 teachers from across the UK, with direct input into their teaching, and strong links to the York research programme. Full content designed and delivered by the York Nuclear Physics Group.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Festival of Ideas 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public event presenting nuclear physics research through a Binding Blocks interactive installation.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Head Start activity (York) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Nuclear Physics workshops with a focus on widening participation
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Inspirations 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Schools event for approximately 1000 secondary school students and their teachers. Engagement with Nuclear Physics and research through the Binding Blocks nuclear chart.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Isaac Physics Workshop 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Nuclear physics workshop as part of an extended engagement throughout the year across all areas of physics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Jim Matthews Public Lecture, York 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Public Lecture with associated Binding Blocks nuclear chart event, ~300 participants. Lecture delivered by Jim Al-Khalili, Surrey. Binding Blocks event delivery by York team.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Making Stars: Fusion 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Educational material (lesson plans) for integration of nuclear fusion and nuclear astrophysics into the school curriculum. The teaching resource is directed towards secondary school teachers, in particular A-level Physics. The material is published on the STEM CPD Resource network and will be used in conjunction with a video featuring Dr Kim Cave-Aland, a control engineer at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE). Quotes from the material include:
"When you tell people you make stars for a living, their heads turn and their mouths open."
"Fusion takes place in the centre of stars across the universe. The Making stars resource contains curriculum linked activities on nuclear fusion, binding energy, radioactivity and the hot CNO cycle in stars. The CNO cycle is the predominant fusion process in stars larger than the Sun. The main activity involves students in the classroom mapping out a real-time hot CNO fusion cycle on the classroom floor."
Available online 13th March 2017.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2017
URL https://www.stem.org.uk/rx6zw6
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass (Birmingham) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclass at Birmingham, with workshops including: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions, York).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass (Daresbury) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Two days of Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclasses at Daresbury Laboratory, with workshops including: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions, York).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass (Glasgow) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 (equivalent) student Nuclear Masterclass at Glasgow, with workshops including: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions, York); Nuclear Scattering (Glasgow).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass (Manchester, Head start activity) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclass at Manchester, with workshops including: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions, York).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass (Surrey) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclass at Surrey, with workshops including: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions, York).
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass 19.06.18 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclass at York, with workshops on: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions); the Hot-CNO Cycle; Binding Energy and Neutron Stars; Nuclear Medicine; and Nuclear Fusion.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Nuclear Masterclass 21.06.18 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Year-12 student Nuclear Masterclass at York, with workshops on: Binding Blocks (nuclear masses, decays, and reactions); the Hot-CNO Cycle; Binding Energy and Neutron Stars; Nuclear Medicine; and Nuclear Fusion.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description SAINTS Post-graduate School 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Training event for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers from South Africa, for implementation of Binding Blocks Nuclear Masterclasses and other Public Engagement events across South Africa. Primary content designed by the York Nuclear Physics Group, delivered by students trained at York during 2018.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Scarborough Science and Engineering Week 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Schools event for at least 500 secondary school students and their teachers. Engagement with Nuclear Physics and research through the Binding Blocks nuclear chart.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Stargazing Live 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Public event covering a range of astronomy and astrophysics, nuclear astrophysics, and nuclear physics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Stargazing Live 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Public event covering a range of astronomy and astrophysics, nuclear astrophysics, and nuclear physics.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2019
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Training of post-graduate Students from University of Western Cape 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Training event for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers from University of Western Cape, for implementation of Binding Blocks Nuclear Masterclasses and other Public Engagement events in South Africa. Content designed and delivered by the York Nuclear Physics Group.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Training of post-graduate Students from University of Zululand 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Postgraduate students
Results and Impact Training event for undergraduates, postgraduates, and researchers from University of Zululand (SA), for implementation of Binding Blocks Nuclear Masterclasses and other Public Engagement events in South Africa. Content designed and delivered by the York Nuclear Physics Group.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/
 
Description Work experience activity 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Nuclear Physics workshops with a focus on widening participation
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2018
URL https://www.york.ac.uk/physics/public-and-schools/secondary/binding-blocks/