Exploratory Engagement Exploring Exoplanets (4EP)

Lead Research Organisation: University of Exeter
Department Name: Physics and Astronomy

Abstract

We aim to redefine the methods of engaging young people in STEM by combining cutting-edge research with innovative and immersive digital media. Our team including researchers at the forefront of exoplanet studies, educational game development experts and science communication centres will combine to develop a game, and associated exhibits and media, engaging young people in a significant way, and with an extensive reach. Central to this process will be a Young Persons Advisory Panel (YPAP), involved in the development of the game and developed as ambassadors, alongside current University undergraduates, postgraduates and museum staff.
Our activities will span the ranges of significance, and reach in terms of engagement via three pathways, or pillars. Focused and significant engagement will be sought through a series of workshops and engagement activities with local schools delivered by a cohort of Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students. The understanding of scientific research, and aspirations for future study of the target audience (11-16 year olds) will be monitored and evaluated. Complementary to this, we will develop a unique mobile museum exhibit hosted both at our partners (We The Curious and the National Space Centre) sites, but also taken out to our local schools network and events across the country, reaching potentially ~100,000 people over the lifetime of the project. This aspect will also be bolstered by the training of PGCE students increasing the national capacity. The final pillar includes the free and global access to our visual media and game via various platforms to enable high numbers of people to engage with the research, potentially of order Millions of people.
At the heart of exoplanet research lie often conceptually simple techniques, such as radial velocity and transit detection methods, and characterisation methods such as transmission spectroscopy. The game itself, `Planet Royale', will be developed as an exploration game in the race to fine a new Earth-twin. Players will be incentivised by dynamically constructed, short-term goals, to accrue rewards such as advancement in facilities (i.e. moving from ground-based telescopes such as the INT to HST or JWST), regular missions rewarded with upgrades and scientific data, alongside longer term `badge' collection and competition with other players. This pairing of dynamic short-term goals, with overarching longer terms goals has shown to be successful in engaging people with games. As players identify more planets, they obtain more detailed information on them, and additional reward via high-quality visualisations. This format allows us to showcase UK exoplanet research and facilities, and helps players grow their understanding through the game. It is our intention to also include elements of real data and research tools in the game, but in a simplified and accessible way.
Our previous experience in generating immersive research-based media, has shown that immense reaches can be achieved (>3million in ~1.5years), and pairing this with a more focused, immersive, and agency-providing game format, alongside museum exhibits, will allow us to increase the significance of our impacts. Developing exciting, and fun to play game mechanics, built-on real-life research and discoveries, will provide a unique approach to our project and game.
Our proposal details funds required to develop the game, and create and deliver the engagement activities, alongside a monitoring process which we believe will enable us to reach a large number of young people, across varying levels of significance.

Publications

10 25 50
 
Title Exoplanet Explorer Animation and Game 
Description We create an immersive 360 animation to act as both a stand alone resource and a trailer for a pedagogical game. A pedagogical game has also been developed. 
Type Of Art Film/Video/Animation 
Year Produced 2020 
Impact At the moment, the resources are completed, but has not be launched due to the partners hosting this resource currently being inactive. The animation (and game) will be linked to on the webpage entered once ready. 
URL http://exoclimatology.com/#outreach
 
Description Breaking the Ice: Exeter's pop-up Science Centre
Amount £14,970 (GBP)
Funding ID ST/V005898/1 
Organisation Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 02/2021 
End 04/2022
 
Description Curiosity Clusters
Amount £14,854 (GBP)
Funding ID ST/V002171/1 
Organisation Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC) 
Sector Public
Country United Kingdom
Start 08/2020 
End 08/2021
 
Description Engagement through Digital Media & Classroom of the Future 
Organisation National Space Centre
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Public 
PI Contribution Researchers provided expert advice on the scientific accuracy of visualisations and elements of a pedagogical game, alongside digital engagement resources. Close iteration between researchers graphic designers, game developers and communication experts is required to complete these products. Alongside this, specifically for the game, a panel of young people from local schools also contributed to the design (Exeter Mathematics School, Sidmouth School and Okehampton Community College). This work has, now, been expanded to a significant number of schools in the south west.
Collaborator Contribution Engine House VFX: produced visualisations and, in particular a 360 degree immersive animation to be used as a trailer for the game, along a similar style to our existing resource (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhLExhpXX0E and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnke9dWofR8&t=0s) Fish in A Bottle: worked closely with the researchers and young people to develop a pedagogical game, which is now complete (https://www.wethecurious.org/curious-stuff/stargazing-night-sky/exoplanet-explorers). Experts from We the Curious and the National Space Centre consulted on the project, and will provide digital host, and a physical mobile exhibit, respectively. Royal Cornwall Museum and Space Port Cornwall used the VR resources to undertake a range of engagement activities.
Impact The outputs are a new VR documentary, similar to that already produced (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhLExhpXX0E) but following a more pedagogical style (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnke9dWofR8&t=0s), and an educational game (https://www.wethecurious.org/curious-stuff/stargazing-night-sky/exoplanet-explorers). Both of these products are complete, although the engagement activity using these resources is only now starting to ramp up again after COVID. This will be discussed in COVID impact statements.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Engagement through Digital Media & Classroom of the Future 
Organisation We The Curious
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Charity/Non Profit 
PI Contribution Researchers provided expert advice on the scientific accuracy of visualisations and elements of a pedagogical game, alongside digital engagement resources. Close iteration between researchers graphic designers, game developers and communication experts is required to complete these products. Alongside this, specifically for the game, a panel of young people from local schools also contributed to the design (Exeter Mathematics School, Sidmouth School and Okehampton Community College). This work has, now, been expanded to a significant number of schools in the south west.
Collaborator Contribution Engine House VFX: produced visualisations and, in particular a 360 degree immersive animation to be used as a trailer for the game, along a similar style to our existing resource (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhLExhpXX0E and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnke9dWofR8&t=0s) Fish in A Bottle: worked closely with the researchers and young people to develop a pedagogical game, which is now complete (https://www.wethecurious.org/curious-stuff/stargazing-night-sky/exoplanet-explorers). Experts from We the Curious and the National Space Centre consulted on the project, and will provide digital host, and a physical mobile exhibit, respectively. Royal Cornwall Museum and Space Port Cornwall used the VR resources to undertake a range of engagement activities.
Impact The outputs are a new VR documentary, similar to that already produced (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhLExhpXX0E) but following a more pedagogical style (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vnke9dWofR8&t=0s), and an educational game (https://www.wethecurious.org/curious-stuff/stargazing-night-sky/exoplanet-explorers). Both of these products are complete, although the engagement activity using these resources is only now starting to ramp up again after COVID. This will be discussed in COVID impact statements.
Start Year 2019
 
Description Met Office: LFRic (& UM) co-development 
Organisation Meteorological Office UK
Country United Kingdom 
Sector Academic/University 
PI Contribution Myself and the postdoctoral research fellows (PDRFs) working on the project have been adapting, testing and benchmarking the next generation climate model termed LFRic code for a range of planetary climates. This work builds on a long term co-development of the previous model the UM. We have been `porting' the software to various supercomputer infrastructures, and adapting the code to study different climate scenarios, increasing its flexibility and accuracy. Additionally, we have been exploring the performance of the code, and contributing to efficiency changes. This work has led to several direct improvements in the Met Office modelling system. Although initiated before the funding award from UKRI our continued involvement is only possible via this funding and is a pivotal and crucial part of the FLF project.
Collaborator Contribution The Met Office have provided access to supercomputer resources through their collaborative MoNSOON system, and staff time to work with our team to develop, adapt and test the code. This interaction is vital for the success of our project. The staff support has come through secondments, consultation and guidance, and general/specific support as we learn to navigate the Met Office code development systems.
Impact This is indeed a multi disciplinary collaboration spanning Earth climate science (and all the various sub-disciplines) to astrophysics and astrobiology. Understanding a planetary climate requires study of a huge range of facets from biology to dynamics, and extending this to the study of distant planets observed by cutting-edge facilities widens the discipline span even further. In terms of benefits, for our research the benefit is huge. We have access to a world-leading climate model, which has been used in all of our research contributing to over 50 publications, several grants, alongside outreach and engagement. Essentially, use of the Met Office model,s and collaboration and knowledge transfer with the Met Office is the foundation stone of an entire research programme at the Exeter Exoplanet Theory Group (EETG; exoclimatology.com). We are the only `non-operational' partner of the Met Office to use and develop a concurrent version of the UM with the Met Office. For LFRic, we are the only partner of any kind to be jointly developing the most up to date model version. In terms of benefits to the the Met Office these are also important. The Met Office is, of course, focused on understanding and prediction Earth's climate. However, our work adapting these codes to other planetary climates, alongside the use of other supercomputer infrastructures has provided excellent benefits to the Met Office work. Firstly, we have improved the `portability', flexibility and efficiency of the model. Exposing the software to different architectures and scientific problems reveals underlying efficiency improvements and improves the code performance. Additionally, our work has provided direct inputs which have increased the robustness and accuracy of the code. As a couple of specific examples, among many, our involvement in an international exoplanet comparison revealed a `bug' in how the radiative transfer was calculated which was not apparent in Earth calculations, but likely affecting the model results. Additionally, our development of a simplified and flexible convection scheme was crucial to early development of the LFRic model. In particular for LFRic, which will be an open source tool, our work is even more important to progress the code towards this.
Start Year 2012
 
Description Adaptation of Nature Communications Article by Science Journal for Kids 
Form Of Engagement Activity A magazine, newsletter or online publication
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Adaptation of a Nature Communications article on Exoplanet Research (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020NatCo..11.2731B/abstract) for children (https://www.sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/how-can-dust-make-planets-more-suitable-for-life/). The adaptation was made under consultation of our research team.

This article is the company's 7th most popular with 10,000 visits to the page, and 6,000 downloads of the article and class session as of March 2022.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021,2022
URL https://www.sciencejournalforkids.org/articles/how-can-dust-make-planets-more-suitable-for-life/
 
Description Cornwall Spaceport: Story of a Satellite 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Cornwall Spaceport delivered an exhibition over the summer of 2021 entitled "The Story of a Satellite". I worked with the space port to construct the materials, and provided VR headsets and animations based on our research. I essentially acted as a consultant, but was not explicitly involved in the delivery itself.

The event hosted over 3,000 people, the large majority of which were school age children, and the exoplanet section was listed as the second most engaging section of the exhibit only behind a scale model of an actual rocket!

This was later turned into a VR tour (see URL)

Dave Pollard, the Spaceport outreach manager reported excellent feedback, and increased interest in space science from the participants.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://spaceportcornwall.com/virtual-tour/
 
Description Exoplanet Explorer Game 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact The main outcome for this project was an online game, which involved co-development with a group of young people from local schools and colleges. This was severely hampered by the pandemic, as the design phase had to be completed during the pandemic, the subsequent testing etc., and also the release all happened during the pandemic severely limiting our interaction and leading to cancellation of many of the in-person events associated with this.

We are planning on delivering events this year to follow-up on the digital resource.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021,2022
URL https://www.wethecurious.org/curious-stuff/stargazing-night-sky/exoplanet-explorers
 
Description General Schools Engagement 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact During 2022 I visited approximately five schools ranging from primary to college level, with many schools opening the event to nearby schools as well. I spent this time engaging with the students sharing our research outcomes and also talking personally about my own journey from a challenging background to an astrophysics and climate researcher.

I received extremely positive feedback from a large number of participants and organisers. For example, at Tretheras school in Newquay the local host stated that shortly after my talk they received the highest number of applicants to the A-Level Physics programme ever, which he attributed to my visit.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
 
Description Interaction through Royal Cornwall Museum 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact The Royal Cornwall Museum used our VR headsets and VR animations to engage with over 600 students from across the southwest, with significant fractions of them coming from deprived backgrounds and reporting increased interest in astrophysics and climate research.

This work culminated in a presentation from my self and Dr Tim Etheridge open to about 100 people or so.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/exoplanets-and-space-research-an-introduction-tickets-328920308497?af...
 
Description Media Story on Research Paper 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach International
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact Some of our work has featured in numerous press releases throughout 2022.

https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/shields-up-red-dwarf-worlds-might-adapt-to-hostile-systems/
https://www.exeter.ac.uk/research/news/articles/questtouncoverintricacies.html
https://www.insu.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/la-quete-pour-percer-le-mystere-des-climats-de-planetes-similaires-la-terre-avance
https://www.american.edu/news/20220811-trappist-1.cfm
https://www.thedailybeast.com/alien-hunters-need-to-start-rethinking-the-definition-of-life?ref=author
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_899312_en.html
 
Description Next Steps South West 
Form Of Engagement Activity A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact I was asked to take part in developing a series of short videos to demonstrate pathways into the space sector for students across the South West.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://vimeo.com/756397711
 
Description Online Lesson on Exoplanets 
Form Of Engagement Activity Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Schools
Results and Impact Working with Justin Dillon, at the University of Exeter graduate school of education, we constructed an online lesson on exoplanet research: https://fluxphysics.github.io/exoplanets/

So far this has had over 1700 visits, and 1400 downloads as of March 2022
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2020,2021,2022
URL https://fluxphysics.github.io/exoplanets/
 
Description Open Session at Standon Calling with Agile Rabbit 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach National
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I was asked to attend a music festival, Standon Calling, and present a lecture and host a discussion on our research.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://www.agile-rabbit.com/event/standon-calling-sunday/
 
Description Presentation during a Pint of Science Outreach event 
Form Of Engagement Activity A talk or presentation
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Local
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact I presented at a Pint of Science event in Exeter to a general audience and received extremely positive feedback and engagement
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2022
URL https://pintofscience.co.uk/event/cosmic-zoo
 
Description We The Curious Autumn Stargazing (Consultant) 
Form Of Engagement Activity Participation in an activity, workshop or similar
Part Of Official Scheme? No
Geographic Reach Regional
Primary Audience Public/other audiences
Results and Impact We The Curious, in Bristol, have a 3D Planetarium, and I acted as a consultant on their "Autumn Stargazing" show, providing expertise and also visual animations etc.
Year(s) Of Engagement Activity 2021
URL https://www.wethecurious.org/event/autumn-stargazing-3d