Grid PP2 extension & Grid PP3
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share resources such as processing power and storage space. While an amazing facility, the web primarily distributes information. To share resources such as computing power and data storage on a global scale, we need a Grid.The vision is that once connected to the Grid, the end user will see it essentially as one large computer system. So that in the future computer services could become a utility like electricity, paying for what you use as an on-demand service. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Page 3 of 9 Date printed: 01/11/2007 14:38:02 ST/F006748/1 Date saved: 31/10/2007 16:21:34 Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
David Colling (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Abbaneo D
(2009)
The CMS Collaboration
in Nuclear Physics A
Adams D
(2013)
Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
in The European Physical Journal C
Adey D
(2014)
Light sterile neutrino sensitivity at the nuSTORM facility
in Physical Review D
Albert M
(2010)
Experience building and operating the CMS Tier-1 computing centres
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Andreeva J
(2010)
CMS analysis operations
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Ari F
(2011)
Modulation of protein expression levels and DNA methylation status of breast cancer metastasis genes by anthracycline-based chemotherapy and the demethylating agent decitabine.
in Cell biochemistry and function
Bendjelid K
(2012)
Impact of intra-abdominal pressure on retrohepatic vena cava shape and flow in mechanically ventilated pigs.
in Physiological measurement
Bogomilov M
(2012)
The MICE Muon Beam on ISIS and the beam-line instrumentation of the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
in Journal of Instrumentation
Boser Christian
Experimental searches for tHq
Britton D
(2009)
GridPP: the UK grid for particle physics.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Britton D.I.
(2009)
The UK particle physics grid
in MIPRO 2009 - 32nd International Convention Proceedings: Microelectronics, Electronics and Electronic Technology, MEET and Grid and Visualizations Systems, GVS
Buchmueller O
(2011)
Implications of initial LHC searches for supersymmetry
in The European Physical Journal C
Buchmueller O
(2011)
Supersymmetry and dark matter in light of LHC 2010 and XENON100 data
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top-quark decays t ? Zq in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the ratio of the 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a W ' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurement of the production cross sections for a Z boson and one or more b jets in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for supersymmetry at the LHC in events with jets and missing transverse energy.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to ? ( 1 S ) p + p - in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the ratio of the inclusive 3-jet cross section to the inclusive 2-jet cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ and first determination of the strong coupling constant in the TeV range
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Inclusive search for supersymmetry using razor variables in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for dark matter and large extra dimensions in pp collisions yielding a photon and missing transverse energy.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurement of the production cross section for a W boson and two b jets in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for contact interactions using the inclusive jet p T spectrum in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon + jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the t t ¯ production cross section in p p collisions at 7 TeV in lepton + jets events using b -quark jet identification
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of the electron charge asymmetry in inclusive W production in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy neutrinos and W(R) bosons with right-handed couplings in a left-right symmetric model in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV
in Physical Review C
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Evidence of b-jet quenching in PbPb collisions at v(s(NN))=2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s(NN)] = 2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for charge-asymmetric production of W ' bosons in t t ¯ + jet events from pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a Higgs boson decaying into a Z and a photon in pp collisions at s = 7 and 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Inclusive and differential measurements of the t t ¯ charge asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of W? and Z? production in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for resonances in the dilepton mass distribution in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for Z ' resonances decaying to t t ¯ in dilepton + jets final states in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for a W' or techni-? decaying into WZ in pp Collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Observation of a diffractive contribution to dijet production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the differential cross section for isolated prompt photon production in p p collisions at 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of the ? b cross section and the ? ¯ b to ? b ratio with J / ? ? decays in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for top-quark partners with charge 5/3 in the same-sign dilepton final state.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Study of Z Boson Production in PbPb Collisions at vS(NN)=2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state
in Journal of High Energy Physics