Grid PP2 extension & Grid PP3
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share resources such as processing power and storage space. While an amazing facility, the web primarily distributes information. To share resources such as computing power and data storage on a global scale, we need a Grid.The vision is that once connected to the Grid, the end user will see it essentially as one large computer system. So that in the future computer services could become a utility like electricity, paying for what you use as an on-demand service. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Page 3 of 9 Date printed: 01/11/2007 14:38:02 ST/F006748/1 Date saved: 31/10/2007 16:21:34 Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
David Colling (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
CMS Collaboration
(2012)
A new boson with a mass of 125 GeV observed with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
A search for a doubly-charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7 \ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
A search for excited leptons in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Colling D
(2010)
Adding Standards Based Job Submission to a Commodity Grid Broker
Collaboration C
(2010)
Aligning the CMS muon chambers with the muon alignment system during an extended cosmic ray run
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Alignment of the CMS muon system with cosmic-ray and beam-halo muons
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Alignment of the CMS silicon tracker during commissioning with cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Angular analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay B 0 ? K ? 0 µ + µ -
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles at high transverse momenta in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s(NN)] = 2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Vigânico E
(2011)
Biohydrometallurgical/UV production of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate crystals from pyrite present in coal tailings
in Minerals Engineering
Collaboration C
(2010)
Calibration of the CMS drift tube chambers and measurement of the drift velocity with cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Adams D
(2013)
Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
in The European Physical Journal C
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Charged particle multiplicities in pp interactions at $ \sqrt {s} = 0.9 $ , 2.36, and 7 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Andreeva J
(2010)
CMS analysis operations
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Grandi C
(2014)
CMS computing model evolution
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Collaboration C
(2010)
CMS data processing workflows during an extended cosmic ray run
in Journal of Instrumentation
Khachatryan V
(2010)
CMS tracking performance results from early LHC operation
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Combined results of searches for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation
in Physical Review D
Collaboration C
(2010)
Commissioning and performance of the CMS pixel tracker with cosmic ray muons
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Commissioning and performance of the CMS silicon strip tracker with cosmic ray muons
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Commissioning of the CMS experiment and the cosmic run at four tesla
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Commissioning of the CMS High-Level Trigger with cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Constraints on the Higgs boson width from off-shell production and decay to Z-boson pairs
in Physics Letters B
Collaboration T
(2011)
Determination of jet energy calibration and transverse momentum resolution in CMS
in Journal of Instrumentation
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the t t ¯ production cross section in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Colling R
(2010)
Endometrial metastasis of colorectal cancer with coincident endometrial adenocarcinoma.
in BMJ case reports
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Erratum: Measurement of the $ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Erratum: Search for anomalous $ t\overline{t} $ production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Colling B
(2014)
Estimation of the error density in a semiparametric transformation model
in Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Event activity dependence of $ Y $ (nS) production in $ \sqrt{ {{s_{NN }}}} $ = 5.02 TeV pPb and $ \sqrt{s} $ = 2.76 TeV pp collisions
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Evidence for associated production of a single top quark and W boson in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Evidence of b-jet quenching in PbPb collisions at v(s(NN))=2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Albert M
(2010)
Experience building and operating the CMS Tier-1 computing centres
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Boser Christian
Experimental searches for tHq
Collaboration C
(2010)
Fine synchronization of the CMS muon drift-tube local trigger using cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Khachatryan V
(2010)
First measurement of Bose-Einstein correlations in proton-proton collisions at vs=0.9 and 2.36 TeV at the LHC.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
First measurement of hadronic event shapes in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
First measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2010)
First measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ TeV
in The European Physical Journal C
Foord AJ
(2014)
Flavivirus detection and differentiation by a microsphere array assay.
in Journal of virological methods
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Forward energy flow, central charged-particle multiplicities, and pseudorapidity gaps in W and Z boson events from pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 7$ TeV
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Forward-backward asymmetry of Drell-Yan lepton pairs in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Colling J
(2010)
Genetic alterations for increased coumarin production lead to metabolic changes in the medicinally important Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae).
in Metabolic engineering
Walisch T
(2014)
Genetic structure of Saxifraga rosacea subsp. sponhemica, a rare endemic rock plant of Central Europe
in Plant Systematics and Evolution
Britton D
(2009)
GridPP: the UK grid for particle physics.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Maurice T
(2012)
Habitat characteristics, stage structure and reproduction of colline and montane populations of the threatened species Arnica montana
in Plant Ecology
Colling R
(2012)
Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention