Grid PP2 extension & Grid PP3
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share resources such as processing power and storage space. While an amazing facility, the web primarily distributes information. To share resources such as computing power and data storage on a global scale, we need a Grid.The vision is that once connected to the Grid, the end user will see it essentially as one large computer system. So that in the future computer services could become a utility like electricity, paying for what you use as an on-demand service. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Page 3 of 9 Date printed: 01/11/2007 14:38:02 ST/F006748/1 Date saved: 31/10/2007 16:21:34 Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
David Colling (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Study of high-p T charged particle suppression in PbPb compared to pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76~\mathrm{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for new physics with same-sign isolated dilepton events with jets and missing transverse energy at the LHC
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Observation and studies of jet quenching in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV
in Physical Review C
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for Z ' resonances decaying to t t ¯ in dilepton + jets final states in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Observation of sequential ? suppression in PbPb collisions.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for contact interactions in µ + µ - events in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV in events with a single lepton, large jet multiplicity, and multiple b jets
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at v7 TeV in events with two photons and missing transverse energy.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Search for physics beyond the standard model using multilepton signatures in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the ? ( 1 S ) , ? ( 2 S ) , and ? ( 3 S ) cross sections in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the differential cross section for isolated prompt photon production in p p collisions at 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for top squarks in R-parity-violating supersymmetry using three or more leptons and b-tagged jets.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to ? ( 1 S ) p + p - in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the B s 0 Production Cross Section with B s 0 ? J / ? ? Decays in p p Collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of associated production of vector bosons and top quark-antiquark pairs in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the polarization of W bosons with large transverse momenta in W + jets events at the LHC.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of differential top-quark-pair production cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurement of the W ? and Z ? inclusive cross sections in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV and limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Modification of jet shapes in PbPb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Erratum: Search for anomalous $ t\overline{t} $ production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for pair production of third-generation leptoquarks and top squarks in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Inclusive search for squarks and gluinos in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Inclusive search for a vector-like T quark with charge 2 3 in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV
in Physics Letters B