Grid PP2 extension & Grid PP3
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share resources such as processing power and storage space. While an amazing facility, the web primarily distributes information. To share resources such as computing power and data storage on a global scale, we need a Grid.The vision is that once connected to the Grid, the end user will see it essentially as one large computer system. So that in the future computer services could become a utility like electricity, paying for what you use as an on-demand service. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Page 3 of 9 Date printed: 01/11/2007 14:38:02 ST/F006748/1 Date saved: 31/10/2007 16:21:34 Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
| David Colling (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy neutrinos and W(R) bosons with right-handed couplings in a left-right symmetric model in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a W ' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurement of the properties of a Higgs boson in the four-lepton final state
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Searches for new physics using the tt¯ invariant mass distribution in pp collisions at vs=8 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurement of the top-quark mass in all-jets [Formula: see text] events in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for narrow resonances using the dijet mass spectrum in p p collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}$ production cross section in the t+jets channel in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Observation of a diffractive contribution to dijet production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Measurements of the $ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $ charge asymmetry using the dilepton decay channel in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 7 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to W + W - in the fully leptonic final state in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for a non-standard-model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of new light bosons in four-muon final states
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for supersymmetry in events with opposite-sign dileptons and missing transverse energy using an artificial neural network
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for new physics in the multijet and missing transverse momentum final state in proton-proton collisions at vs = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at vs = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV
in Physical Review C
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Angular analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay B 0 ? K ? 0 µ + µ -
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy, top-like quark pair production in the dilepton final state in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Measurement of the Bs(0)?µ+ µ- branching fraction and search for B(0)?µ+ µ- with the CMS experiment.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Observation of a new ?b baryon.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for pair production of first- and second-generation scalar leptoquarks in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2011)
Measurement of the B0 production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in µ ± µ ± + jets and e ± e ± + jets events in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Search for heavy lepton partners of neutrinos in proton-proton collisions in the context of the type III seesaw mechanism
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$
in The European Physical Journal C
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top-quark decays t ? Zq in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Studies of azimuthal dihadron correlations in ultra-central PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{ {{s_{NN }}}} $ =2.76 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of the pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the transverse energy density in Pb-Pb collisions at v(s(NN))=2.76 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2013)
Search for contact interactions using the inclusive jet p T spectrum in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Chatrchyan S
(2012)
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Chatrchyan S
(2014)
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state
in Journal of High Energy Physics
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Search for a standard-model-like Higgs boson with a mass in the range 145 to 1000 GeV at the LHC.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2012)
A new boson with a mass of 125 GeV observed with the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.
in Science (New York, N.Y.)
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of masses in the [Formula: see text] system by kinematic endpoints in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Measurement of the sum of WW and WZ production with W+dijet events in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Jet and underlying event properties as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2014)
Measurement of WZ and ZZ production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] in final states with b-tagged jets.
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2014)
Probing color coherence effects in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2014)
Measurement of jet multiplicity distributions in [Formula: see text] production in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2014)
Study of the production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pPb collisions at [Formula: see text]5.02[Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2013)
Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with t leptons, jets, and large transverse momentum imbalance in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
CMS Collaboration
(2012)
Measurement of the relative prompt production rate of ?c2 and ?c1 in pp collisions at [Formula: see text].
in The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
Cohen J
(2013)
RAPPORT: running scientific high-performance computing applications on the cloud.
in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
Collaboration C
(2010)
Calibration of the CMS drift tube chambers and measurement of the drift velocity with cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Alignment of the CMS silicon tracker during commissioning with cosmic rays
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Commissioning of the CMS experiment and the cosmic run at four tesla
in Journal of Instrumentation
Collaboration C
(2010)
Performance of the CMS hadron calorimeter with cosmic ray muons and LHC beam data
in Journal of Instrumentation