Grid PP2 extension & Grid PP3
Lead Research Organisation:
Imperial College London
Department Name: Physics
Abstract
The Grid' is the next leap in computer interconnectivity. The Internet and the World Wide Web are increasingly an integral part of people's lives, helping the world share information and transfer data quickly and easily. In the same way as we now share files and facts over the global network of computers, in the future the Grid will let us share resources such as processing power and storage space. While an amazing facility, the web primarily distributes information. To share resources such as computing power and data storage on a global scale, we need a Grid.The vision is that once connected to the Grid, the end user will see it essentially as one large computer system. So that in the future computer services could become a utility like electricity, paying for what you use as an on-demand service. The Grid is a practical solution to the problems of storing and processing the large quantities of data that will be produced by industry and the scientific communities over the next decade. Particle physicists are waiting for 2007 when a new particle accelerator opens in the world's largest particle physics laboratory, CERN. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate fundamental physics. Once this is fully functional the amount of data being produced will be massive. All this will be too much for one institution to handle so they need to share resources i.e. to use distributed computing. The Grid is built on the same Internet infrastructure as the web, but uses different tools. Middleware is one of these tools. In a stand alone computer the resources allocated to each job are managed by the operating system e.g. Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X. Middleware is like the operating system of a Grid, allowing users to access resources without searching for them manually. GridPP has developed middleware for the Grid, in collaboration with other international projects. Due to GridPP's open source policy, the middleware can evolve and be improved by the people who use it. Distributed computing has been available to scientists for some time but, in general, the use of different sites has to be negotiated by each scientist individually. They need a separate account on each system and jobs have to be submitted and results collected back by hand. Current distributed computing means the user has a lot of work to do to get their results. This is where the idea of Grid computing comes in. Page 3 of 9 Date printed: 01/11/2007 14:38:02 ST/F006748/1 Date saved: 31/10/2007 16:21:34 Middleware lets users simply submit jobs to the Grid without having to know where the data is or where the jobs will run. The software can run the job where the data is, or move the data to where there is CPU power available. Using the Grid and middleware, all the user has to do is submit a job and pick up the results. Acting as the gatekeeper and matchmaker for the Grid, middleware monitors the Grid, decides where to send computing jobs, manages users, data and storage. It will check the identity of the user through the use of digital certificates. A digital certificate is a file stored securely on a users computer which allows the Grid to correctly identify a user. The certificates are given to a user by the Certification Authority, with numerous steps to ensure the person applying is who they say they are. The middleware automatically extracts the users' identity from their digital certificate and uses this to log them in. This means users don't have to remember user names and passwords to log onto the Grid, they're automatically logged on using their Grid certificate. After this seamless identification process the middleware will find the most convenient and efficient places for the job to be run and organise efficient access to the relevant scientific data. It
Organisations
People |
ORCID iD |
David Colling (Principal Investigator) |
Publications
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Charged particle multiplicities in pp interactions at $ \sqrt {s} = 0.9 $ , 2.36, and 7 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2010)
CMS tracking performance results from early LHC operation
in The European Physical Journal C
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at vs = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2010)
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Measurement of the t-channel single-top-quark production cross section and of the |V tb| CKM matrix element in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 8 TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at 7 TeV in events with jets and missing transverse energy
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2010)
Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at square root of s = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Measurement of the ratio B ( t ? W b ) / B ( t ? W q ) in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for microscopic black hole signatures at the Large Hadron Collider
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2010)
First measurement of Bose-Einstein correlations in proton-proton collisions at vs=0.9 and 2.36 TeV at the LHC.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Measurement of the isolated prompt photon production cross section in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Upsilon production cross section in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physical Review D
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Measurement of the B(+) production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Constraints on the Higgs boson width from off-shell production and decay to Z-boson pairs
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Measurement of $ {\text{B}}\overline {\text{B}} $ angular correlations based on secondary vertex reconstruction at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\,{\text{TeV}} $
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for a heavy gauge boson W ' in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
First measurement of hadronic event shapes in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for stopped Gluinos in pp collisions at square root s=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Measurement of prompt J/? pair production in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 Tev
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Khachatryan V
(2011)
First measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2010)
Search for dijet resonances in 7 TeV pp collisions at CMS.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Search for pair production of first-generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at vs = 7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2010)
Search for quark compositeness with the dijet centrality ratio in pp collisions at vs=7 TeV.
in Physical review letters
Khachatryan V
(2014)
Search for top-squark pairs decaying into Higgs or Z bosons in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2010)
Measurement of the charge ratio of atmospheric muons with the CMS detector
in Physics Letters B
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Publisher's Note: Search for Dijet Resonances in 7 TeV p p Collisions at CMS [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 , 211801 (2010)]
in Physical Review Letters
Khachatryan V
(2011)
Inclusive b-hadron production cross section with muons in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} $
in Journal of High Energy Physics
Lassila-Perini K
(2014)
Implementing the data preservation and open access policy in CMS
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Lassila-Perini K
(2012)
Preparing for long-term data preservation and access in CMS
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Lingrand D
(2010)
Optimization of Jobs Submission on the EGEE Production Grid: Modeling Faults Using Workload
in Journal of Grid Computing
Lingrand D
(2009)
Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
Maurice T
(2012)
Habitat characteristics, stage structure and reproduction of colline and montane populations of the threatened species Arnica montana
in Plant Ecology
Palhano H.B.
(2011)
Social representations about health-disease and participation of the veterinarian in family farming in the municipality of rio das flores, RJ Representações sociais sobre saúde - Doença e participação do médico veterinário na produção familiar do município de rio das flores, RJ
in Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria
Reckinger C
(2010)
Restoring Populations of the Endangered Plant Scorzonera humilis: Influence of Site Conditions, Seed Source, and Plant Stage
in Restoration Ecology
Riedel M
(2009)
Interoperation of world-wide production e-Science infrastructures
in Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience
Sirunyan A
(2020)
Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from t t ¯ kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV
in Physical Review D
Sirunyan A
(2018)
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state
in Physics Letters B
Sirunyan A
(2020)
Measurements of the W boson rapidity, helicity, double-differential cross sections, and charge asymmetry in p p collisions at s = 13 TeV
in Physical Review D
Vernieri C
(2016)
Search for the Higgs boson in the b b ? decay channel using the CMS detector
in Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings
Vigânico E
(2011)
Biohydrometallurgical/UV production of ferrous sulphate heptahydrate crystals from pyrite present in coal tailings
in Minerals Engineering
Walisch T
(2014)
Genetic structure of Saxifraga rosacea subsp. sponhemica, a rare endemic rock plant of Central Europe
in Plant Systematics and Evolution
Whall AL
(2013)
Measurement of aggressive behaviors in dementia: comparison of the physical aggression subscales of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the Ryden Aggression Scale.
in Research in gerontological nursing
Wilson A
(2012)
The Memory of MICE: The Configuration Database
in Journal of Physics: Conference Series